Phalangodus anacosmetus Gervais, 1842

Villarreal, Osvaldo & García, Andrés F., 2016, Unveiling the diversity of Phalangodus Gervais, 1842 (Opiliones: Cranaidae): descriptions of four new species from Colombia, European Journal of Taxonomy 242, pp. 1-41 : 5-9

Phalangodus anacosmetus Gervais, 1842

Figs 1–3 , 16a , 18–19

Phalangodus anacosmetus Gervais, 1842: 3 , pl. 4 (see the complete citations in Kury 2003: 96) Allocranaus giganteus Mello Leitão, 1940: 307 , fig. 8 (see the complete citations in Kury 2003: 96).

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Phalangodus anacosmetus – Hara et al. 2014: 569 .

Allocranaus giganteus – Hara et al. 2014: 569 (junior subjective synonym of Phalangodus anacosmetus Gervais, 1842 by Kury 1996).

Diagnosis

See Kury (1996) and Hara et al. (2014).

Material examined

Data about type material

Phalangodus anacosmetus : 1 ♂, 1 ♀, syntypes ( MNHN), Colombia, coll. Simon, Nº 1734, examined on photograph; 1 ♂, syntype ( SMF RI 781), Colombia, coll. Simon, not examined.

Allocranaus giganteus : 1 ♀, lectotype and 1 juvenile ♂ paralectotype ( MNRJ 00126), North of Santander, Cúcuta [original description cited as environs of Bogotá], Nicéforo Maria leg., examined.

Addtional material examined

COLOMBIA: 1 ♂ ( ICN-AO- 1000), Cundinamarca, San Antonio del Tequendama, Los Tunos, 28 Aug. 2006, F. Borrero leg.; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ ( ICN-AO- 1003), same data as for previous; 1 ♀ (ICN- AO-1049) San Antonio del Tequendama, R.N. Los Tunos, 2300 m, 28 May 2012, D. Martínez leg.; 2 ♀♀, 2 juveniles ( ICN-AO- 521), San Antonio del Tequendama, Vereda Quintas Colombia, 1733 m, 4°35ʹ48.72″ N, 74°19ʹ40.19″ W, 20 Aug. 2008, R. Botero, D. Luna and J.A. Ochoa leg.; 1 ♂ (ICN- AO-525), La Mesa, Vereda Anatoly, road to El Espejo crag, 2100 m, 04°41.593″ N, 74°23.848″ W, 21 Aug. 2008, J. Ochoa, D. Luna and E. Florez leg.; 1 ♂ ( ICN AO 1462), La Mesa, Puerto Lleras, vereda Hato Grande, 1300 m, 4°40ʹ36.11″ N, 74°25ʹ17,07″ W, 10 Apr. 2013, S. Galvis leg.; 1 ♀ ( CAS-AK 019), Cundinamarca, farm Bella Vista, near Sasaima, collected at night on low foliage, 13 May 1965, P.R. and D.L. Craig leg.

Complementary description

COLORATION (in alcohol) ( Figs 1–2 ). Carapace reticulated golden brown 75 over oak brown 55. Ocularium, mesotergal areas and central region of carapace oak brown 58. Posterior border of dorsal scutum, free tergites and coxae I–IV maroon 44. Dorsal surface of trochanters and posterior area of the carapace with

a reticulated pattern marigold 68. Legs (except coxae and trochanters) oak brown 58. Pedipalp coxae ventrally oak brown 55 with small areas russet orange 51; femur–tarsus red mahogany 41.

FEMALE ( CAS-AK 019). Similar to male, differing by: ocularium narrower; coda wider; movable finger of chelicerae thinner; pedipalpal femur lower and thinner in lateral view, with ventroproximal tubercles smaller, claw not swollen; h1 thinner than in male ( Fig. 1b, d ); stigmatic area without the groups of granules anteriorly to stigmata; genital operculum wider than in male; femur IV without retrolateral distal spine; trochanters III–IV narrower.

Remarks

The material collected in Cúcuta (that corresponds to the syntypes of Allocranaus giganteus ) presents the following differences compared with those from Cundinamarca: (1) ocularium not surpassing the scutal areas in lateral view (h1/h3 = 1.60 in Cundinamarca specimens vs h1/h3 = 1.2 in Cúcuta specimens) ( Figs 1b , 2b ); (2) narrower ocularium (ratio wide/length = 1.79 in Cundinamarca specimens vs 1.46 in Cúcuta specimens); (3) pedipalp of the subadult male from Cúcuta sub cylindrical in lateral view ( Fig. 2b ) vs dorsally curved from Cundinamarca males. (4) Females from Cundinamarca have a higher ocularium and wider dorsal scutum than Cúcuta´s females.

The lack of adult males from Cúcuta in collections makes it is impossible for a comparison of male sexual secondary characters or genital structures.

On the other hand, there is a considerable gap between the localities of both populations, which indicates an uncommon disjunctive distribution, in neotropical harvestmen ( Fig. 18 ).

Nonetheless, these data suggests the possibility of two species, more detailed studies including males are necessary to taxonomic decisions about identity of Allocranaus giganteus .

Distribution

Known from Magdalena valley montane forests in southwestern Cundinamarca and Cúcuta, Norte de Santander ( Fig. 18 ) (see remarks above and discussion for details).

Figures

Fig. 1. Phalangodus anacosmetus Gervais, 1842, ♂ (ICN-AO-1000). a. Habitus, dorsal view. b. Habitus, lateral view, ♀ (CAS 0019). c. Habitus, dorsal view. d. Habitus, lateral view. Scale bars = 5 mm. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.

Fig. 2. Phalangodus anacosmetus Gervais, 1842 (syntypes of Allocranaus giganteus Mello-Leitão, 1940, MNRJ 00126). a–b. ♂, juvenile. a. Habitus, dorsal view. b. Habitus, lateral view. c–d. ♀. c. Habitus, dorsal view. d. Habitus, lateral view. Scale bars = 5 mm. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.

Fig. 3. Phalangodus anacosmetus Gervais, 1842 (ICN-AO-1000), penis distal portion. a. Dorsal view. b. Lateral view. c. Ventral view. d. Detail of MS C, MS E and microsetae, lateral view. e. Stylar caps, ventrodistal view. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.

Fig. 16. Stylar caps in some cranaids species. — a-e. Cranainae. a. Phalangodus anacosmetus Gervais, 1842 (ICN-AO 1000). b. Phareicranaus giganteus Mello-Leitão, 1940 (MNRJ 19263). c. Ventrifurca caffeinica Villarreal, Kury & Pinto-da-Rocha, 2015 (MNRJ 7038). d. Phareicranaus albilineatus author+year (MNRJ 7916). e. Phareicranaus duranti (González-Sponga, 1989) (MNRJ 7818). — f. Heterocranainae. Heterocranaus sp. (MNRJ 7634). — g. Stygnicranainae. Agathocranaus sp. (MNRJ 8437). a, c, f. Lateral view. b, g. Ventral view. d–e. Oblique view. Arrows indicate stylar caps.

Fig. 18. Map of geographical records of Phalangodus spp. in Colombia (diamond with interrupted line corresponds to Boca del Monte record).

Fig. 19. Photographs of living specimens. a. Phalangodus anacosmetus Gervais, 1842, ♀. b. Phalangodus briareos sp. nov., ♂. Courtesy of S. Galvis (a) and J. Uribe (b).