Arctosa conflicta, Paredes-Munguía & Brescovit & Teixeira, 2024

Paredes-Munguía, Williams, Brescovit, Antonio D. & Teixeira, Renato A., 2024, Revision of Neotropical wolf spider genus Arctosa C. L. Koch, 1847 (Araneae: Lycosidae), with description of seven new species, Zootaxa 5414 (1), pp. 1-83 : 11-17

Arctosa conflicta sp. nov.

Figs 1a–c , 6‒11 , 63

Type material. Male holotype from Poblado de Carahuasi , ca. 7°3'14.21''S 79°10'6.93''W, 1301 m, 25.iii.2010, Cajamarca, Peru, C. Espinoza leg. ( MUSM-ENT 501400 ). Female paratype from Hualgayoc, 6°45'S 78°36'W, ± 3720 m, Cajamarca, Peru, no further data, no collector ( MUSM-ENT 505361 ) .

Other material examined. COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: 1♂, Pantano de Martos, Vereda Monquetiva, Guatavita , 4°54'30.09''N 73°43'49.6''W, 3030 m, 27.x.2014, K. Pulido leg. (ICN-Ar 12746) ; 1♂, Pantano de Martos, Guatavita, Vereda Monquetiva , 4°54'05.4''N 73°43'33.92''W, 2940 m, 26.x.2014, K. Pulido leg. (ICN-Ar 12817) ; 1♂, ditto (ICN-Ar 12818) ; 1♂, ditto (ICN-Ar 12748) ; 1♂, Vereda Monquetiva, Guatavita , 4°43'36.6''N 73°51'53''W, 3400 m, 12.xi.2014, D. Martinez leg. (ICN-Ar 12747) ; 1♂ 1♀, La Calera, Finca Tierraleja, Vereda Jerusalén , 4°38'52.86''N 73°56'7.85''W, (human feces), 3580 m, 24.xi.2014, K. Pulido leg. (ICN-Ar 12814) ; 1♂, ditto (ICN-Ar 12815) ; 1♂, Guasca, Vereda Camino del Oso, Finca Suasie , 4°43'55.7''N 73°51'49.5''W, 3500 m, 12.xi.2014, D. Martinez leg. (ICN-Ar 12819). Pasto : 1♀, no specific locality, ca. 1°12'10.36''N 77°18'07.04''W, 2714 m, ( CEUN-PSO) . ECUADOR: Pichincha: 1♀, Amaguaña, Volcán Pasochoa , 0°26'50.73"S 78°28'36.11"W, 3320 m, 9.xi.2013, E. Salazar leg. ( QCAZ) ; 1♀, Cotopaxi, Reserva Acosa , 3500 m, 0º40'S 78º26'W, pine plantation páramo, 29.i.2000, L.L. Tapia leg. ( QCAZ) ; 1♀, Quito , pine plantation, 2810 m, 0º11'22"S 78º29'38"W, 12.x.2006, J. Mejia leg. ( QCAZ) ; 1♀, Quito, Parque, Rumipampa , 2810 m, ca. 0º10'48.26"S 78º29'58.09"W, 29.i.1994, J. Durango leg. ( QCAZ 1285 ) ; 1♂, Papallacta , 0°22'S 78°09'W, 3200 m, 17.i.1999, S. Castelo leg. ( QCAZ) . Santo Domingo: 1♀, Guajalito , 0º13'59"S 78º49'00.1"W, 1800 m, 9.xi.2013, A. Gortaire leg. ( QCAZ) . Cañar: 1♀, ca. 2º33'55.91"S 78º56'19.77"W, 2500 m, viii.1986, Onore leg. ( QCAZ) .

Etymology. The species epithet is a noun with means "conflict" and refers to the social conflicts between the Hualgayoc peasant and the mining companies which caused environmental degradation in the area.

Diagnosis. Arctosa conflicta males are recognizable among all Neotropical species by the pronounced retrolateral arm of the median apophysis, and bifid sclerotized palea protuberance (Pp) ( Figs 6a , 7d ). Females can be distinguished from all other members of Arctosa by the large and rounded head of spermatheca ( Figs 8c, d , 9 ), and by the stalk of the spermatheca (SS) strongly curved, U-shaped ( Fig. 9b ). Both sexes have a dark brown sternum, but females have an incomplete yellow band on the middle ( Figs 7b , 10c ).

Description. Male. Holotype (MUSM-ENT 501400). Carapace brown, covered by short white and black bristles, except on the yellow longitudinal median band, which is broad at the front and tapering towards the back ( Fig.7a ). Sternum longer than wide, light brown with a transverse yellow band in the anterior half, covered by short black bristles, which are more abundant at the marginal area and sparse in the central area. Ocular area black, covered with white bristles, cephalic portion of the carapace covered by sparse, large white bristles. First row of eyes straight, shorter than the second row; AME slightly larger than the ALE; PME separated a radius apart. Chelicerae, creamy, covered frontally with long, brown setae and some shorter, white setae, boss present and clearer than the chelicerae; retromarginal and promarginal fang furrow with three teeth each, chillum membranous, divided, with the mesial portion sclerotized. ( Fig. 10e ). Endites creamy and convergent; labium square, darker than the endites; endites and labium clearer in their distal portion. All leg segments yellow, except tarsi that are darker, all femora and tibia with black spots. Opisthosoma entirely olive-colored, covered by tiny white bristles and sparse black bristles mainly on the dorsum, cardiac mark present with a group of strong white bristles on the dorsal proximal part, near the prosoma. Venter clearer than the dorsal part, sparsely covered by black bristles; spinnerets yellow both cylindrical ( Fig. 7b ).

Pedipalp ( Fig. 7d‒g ), tibia cylindrical, slightly wider apically. Cymbium fusiform ( Fig. 7b ). Subtegulum trapezoidal and noticeable in ventral view, with a curved sperm duct crossing the tegulum from base to the apex ( Fig. 7e, g ). Median apophysis with retrolateral arm bulging and pointed, prolateral arm triangular ( Fig. 7f ). Basal portion of the TA partially sclerotized, Pp bifid and sclerotized ( Figs 6a , 7d ). Embolus straight ( Figs 6c , 7d ).

Leg formula IV>I>III>II. Spination pattern: femur I p 0-0-1 d 1-1-1, II p 0-0-1 d 1-1-1 r 0-d1-0, III p d1-d1 d 1- 1-1 r d1-d1, IV p d1-d1 d 1-1-1 r 0-d1; patella I d 1(bristle)-0, II p 1 d 0 - 1-ap(1 bristle), III p 1 d 1bristle-1ap r 1, IV p 1 d 1bristle-1ap r 1; tibia I p 1-1v v 2-2-2ap r 0-1-0, II p 1-1v d 1bristle-1bristle v 2-2-2ap, III p 1-1v d 1 r 1-1 v 2-2-2ap, IV p 1-1 d 1r-1 r 1-1 v 2-2-2ap; metatarsus I p 0-0-1 r 0-0-1 d 1bristle-1bristle v 2-2-1ap, II p 0-0-2 d 1 bristle-0 r 1-1-2 v 2-2-1ap, III p 1d-1-2 d 1bristle-0 r 1-1v-2 v 2-2-1ap, IV p 1d-1-2ap d 1bristle-0 r 1d-1-2ap v 2-2-1ap.

Measurements: TL 5.80, CL 2.89, CCW 1.26, CTW 2.24, CCH 1.07, CTH 1.07. Eyes: AME 0.09, ALE 0.09, PME 0.26, PLE 0.21, interdistances:AME-AME 0.09; AME-ALE 0.05; PME-PME 0.14; PME-PLE 0.30; PLE-PLE 0.50. POQ long 0.52, POQ posterior width 0.71, POQ anterior width 0.43. Chelicerae: length 1.31. Opisthosoma: length 2.67, width 1.83. Legs: length of segments (femur + patella + tibia + metatarsus + tarsus = total length): pedipalp 1.04 + 0.52 + 0.67 - + 0.79 = 3.02, I 2.05 + 0.76 + 1.78 + 1.62 + 1.05 = 7.26, II 1.86 + 0.83 + 1.45 + 1.45 + 1.05 = 5.19, III 1.74 + 0.76 + 1.29 + 1.79 + 0.97 = 6.55, IV 2.24 + 1.02 + 2.00 + 2.62 + 1.21 = 9.09.

Female. Paratype (MUSM-ENT 505361). Carapace, eye pattern and proportions, and chelicerae as in male ( Fig. 10c ); visible boss, clearer than the chelicerae. Sternum dark brown with an incomplete yellow median band ( Fig. 10c ); endites light brown and convergent; labium darker than the endites; both endites and labium yellowish in their distal portion. All femora yellow, tibia, metatarsi, and tarsi darker than femora, legs with black spots, except on the metatarsus and tarsus. Opisthosoma, color as in male, cardiac mark paler.

Genitalia ( Figs 8a, c, d , 9a‒b , 11a‒c ), median and transversal septum of epigyne not distinguishable from each other, lateral sclerotized margins converging in a bulb-like shape. Atrium narrow and slightly trapezoidal in ventral view. Copulatory opening narrow ( Figs 8a , 11b ). Fertilization ducts short and thin ( Fig. 8c ). Head of spermathecae large and rounded; stalk long and curved; copulatory opening narrow; vulval chambers ectally rounded and smaller than the spermatheca ( Fig. 8d ).

Leg formula IV>I>II>III. Spination pattern: femur I p 0-0-1 d 1-1-1, II p 0-1-1 d 1-1-1, III p 0-d1-d1 d 1-1-1 r 0- d1-d1, IV p 0-0-d1ap d 1-1-1 r 0-0-d1ap; patella I d 1-ap(1 bristle), II d 1-ap(1 bristle), III p 1 d bas (1bristle)-1ap r 1, IV p 1 d (1 bristle)-1ap r 1; tibia I p 0-1-d1 d (1 bristle)-0 v 2-1-2ap, II p d1-1 v 2-2-2ap, III p d1-1 d (1bristle)-1 r 1-1 v 2-2-2ap, IV p d1-1 d r1-0-1 r 1-1 v 2-2-2ap; metatarsus I p 0-d1-2 r 0-v1-1ap v 2-2-1ap, II p 0-d1-2 r 0-0-1 v 2-2-1ap, III p d1-d1-2 r d1-1-2 v 2-2-1ap, IV p d1-d1-2ap r d1-v1-d1-0-2ap v 2-2-1ap.

Measurements: TL 6.95, CL 3.68, CCW 1.50, CTW 2.75, CCH 1.10, CTH 1.20. Eyes: AME 0.12, ALE 0.09, PME 0.28, PLE 0.24, interdistances:AME-AME 0.10; AME-ALE 0.05; PME-PME 0.18; PME-PLE 0.24; PLE-PLE 0.56. POQ long 0.44, POQ posterior width 0.76, POQ anterior width 0.44. Chelicerae: length 1.40. Opisthosoma: length 1.66, width 1.06. Legs: length of segments (femur + patella + tibia + metatarsus + tarsus = total length): pedipalp 1.20 + 0.54 + 0.66 - + 0.80 = 3.26 (1.04 + 0.52 + 0.67 - + 0.79 = 3.02), I 2.20 + 1.20 + 1.74 + 1.50 + 1.04 = 8.68, II 1.92 + 1.14 + 1.60 + 1.42 + 1.02= 8.12, III 2.00 + 1.00 + 1.40 + 1.72 + 1.04 = 7.69, IV 2.50 + 1.20 + 2.02 + 2.60 + 1.44 = 10.91.

Variation. Females N = 6 (males N = 4) (range, mean±s.d.): TL 5.90 – 8.50, 7.26±1.01; CL 3.20 – 3.80, 3.38±0.21; CW 2.40– 2.80, 2.49±0.14; (TL 4.40 – 6.90, 5.83±1.03; CL 2.60 – 3.80, 3.20±0.47; CW 1.80 – 2.60, 2.20±0.35).

Distribution. Colombia (Cundinamarca), Ecuador (Pichincha, Santo Domingo, Cañar) and Peru (Cajamarca) ( Fig. 63 ).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Arctosa spp. Female Arctosa conflicta sp. nov. a, c, e. Habitus with measurement patterns (a, lateral; c, frontal; e, dorsal). b, f. male palpus Arctosa villa sp. nov. (b, ventral; f, retrolateral). d. Male Arctosa tenebrosa comb. nov. Scale bars: a, c, e 2 mm; b, d, f, 0.25 mm. ANT anal tubercle, ALE anterior lateral eye, AME anterior median eye, C conductor, CH prosoma height, CL prosoma length, CW prosoma wide, CYM cymbium, DMA depression of MA, E embolus, LMB longitudinal median band, MA median apophysis, OA ocular area,Pa Posterior arm, Pp palea protuberance, PLE postero lateral eye, PME postero median eye, PSB pale submarginal band, Ra Retrolateral arm, SD seminal duct, SP spinnerets, T tegulum, TA Terminal Apophysis, ST subtegulum.

FIGURE 6. Arctosa conflicta sp. nov. Male bulb (ICN-Ar 12814) (a, ventral; b, retrolateral; c, apical. Scale bars: a–c, 200 µm. E embolus, Pa Posterior arm, Pp Palea protuberance, Ra Retrolateral arm, TA terminal apophysis.

FIGURE 7. Arctosa conflicta sp. nov. Male habitus (ICN-Ar 12814) a–c (a, dorsal; b, ventral; c, lateral), pedipalpal bulb d–g (d, ventral; e, prolateral; f, anterior; g, posterior). Scale bars: a–g, 200 µm. DMA depression of MA, E embolus, Pa posterior arm, Pp Palea protuberance, Ra retrolateral arm, SD seminal duct, ST subtegulum, TA terminal apophysis.

FIGURE 8. Arctosa conflicta sp. nov. Epigynum (MUSM-ENT 505361) a, c, d (a, ventral; c, dorsal; d, basal), prosoma, b, e (b, lateral; e, frontal) Scale bars: a, c, d, 0.25 mm, b, e, 2 mm. CO copulatory opening, FD fertilization duct, HS head of spermatheca, VC vulval chamber.

FIGURE 9. Arctosa conflicta sp. nov. Epigynum (MUSM-ENT 505361) (a, ventral; b, dorsal) Scale bars: a–b, 0.1 mm. HS head of spermatheca, SS stalk of spermatheca.

FIGURE 10. Arctosa conflicta sp. nov. Female prosoma (MUSM-ENT 505361) a, c, e (a, dorsal; c, ventral; e, lateral), female opisthosoma b, d, f (b, dorsal; d, ventral; f, lateral) Scale bars: a–f, 1 mm.

FIGURE 11. Arctosa conflicta sp. nov. Epigynum SEM (a, ventral; b, copulatory opening detail; c, conic papillae) Scale bars: a, 150 µm, b, 25 µm, c, 50 µm. CO copulatory opening, H hood, MS median septum, TS transversal septum.

FIGURE 63. Geographic distribution records of Arctosa conflicta sp. nov. (red triangles)