Melangyna pavlovskyi ( Violovitsh, 1956 )

Kim, Chan-Ouk, Hwang, Seul-Ma-Ro & Han, Hak-Seon Lee and Ho-Yeon, 2022, Ten species of the tribe Syrphini (Insecta: Diptera: Syrphidae) newly recorded in Korea, Journal of Species Research 11 (3), pp. 208-237 : 228-229

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.12651/JSR.2022.11.3.208
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E8A01C-FFF8-FF96-FF3B-1552CEE6F73B
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Melangyna pavlovskyi ( Violovitsh, 1956 )
status

Treatment

9. Melangyna pavlovskyi ( Violovitsh, 1956) View in CoL

njśǧḍDZḋỵỄOi (ljḑ) ( Figs. 3J- L View Fig , 6G- I View Fig )

Syrphus pavlovskyi Violovitsh, 1956: 741 View in CoL (type locality - Russia, south Sakhalin; holotype ♂, ZISP); Violovitsh, 1983: 40 (in Siberian key).

Melangyna pavlovskyi View in CoL : Hippa, 1968: 21 (n. comb. from Syrphus View in CoL , redescription); Vockeroth, 1969: 84 (in Syrphini View in CoL generic revision); Peck, 1988: 28 (in Palaearctic catalog); Mutin and Barkalov, 1997: 190 (in review of Sakhalin and Kuril Islands syrphids); Byebjerg, 2011: 144 (redescription and biology of European Melangyna View in CoL ); Ȏhara et al., 2014: 474 (in Japanese catalog); Smit and Bree, 2014: 29 ( Netherlands record); Speight, 2014: 130 (in European checklist with biological data); Mutin et al., 2016: 21 (in list of Tumnin river area, Russia); Barkalov and Mutin, 2018: 497 (in Russian checklist); Langlois and Speight, 2020: 165 (biology of French population).

Diagnosis. Melangyna pavlovskyi can be distinguished from the East Asian congeners by the following combination of characteristics [modified from Mutin and Barkalov (1999)]: 1) compound eye densely covered with relatively long yellowish hairs ( Fig. 3J View Fig ); 2) face entirely black in males ( Fig. 3L View Fig ) and largely yellowish in females; 3) abdominal tergites only with 2 pairs of brownish-yellow transverse stripes on tergites 3 and 4 in males ( Fig. 3K View Fig ); 4) surstylus narrow and long, distinctly curved anteriorly in lateral view ( Fig. 6H View Fig ); 5) distiphallus relatively narrow and short, about 1/4 as long as aedeagal complex, almost parallel-sided but apico-marginally distinctly widened of about 3 × of basal width in lateral view ( Fig. 6I View Fig ); and 6) anterior half of aedeagal apodem ventrally straight ( Fig. 6 View Fig I-b).

Description of Korean material. Male. Lengths and ratios: body length 7.7-8.6 mm; wing length 7.1-7.8 mm; head ratio 0.65-0.70; face ratio 0.52-0.53; eye ratio 0.56-0.63; gena-eye ratio 0.17-0.18; antenna-head ratio 0.44-0.46; postpedicel-pedicel ratio 2.91-3.20; arista-antenna ratio 0.94-1.04; wing ratio 3.03-3.08; wing-thorax ratio 2.72-2.84; vein M ratio 3.93-4.57; vein R 4+5 ratio 3.93-4.45. Head holoptic with eye contiguity about 0.6 × as long as vertical triangle ( Fig. 3J View Fig ); compound eye dark brown with slight purplish to reddish tinge, densely covered with relatively long yellowish hairs ( Fig. 3J View Fig ); vertex black, anteriorly with slightly wavy black hairs, posteriorly with yellowish-white hairs; frons black with white to grey pruinosity, with black hairs; lunule largely brownish black to black except for dark brown medial and lateral margins, bare; antenna brownish black to black ( Fig. 3L View Fig ); face black with whitish pruinosity, with black hairs; facial knob rounded, almost bare; gena black with whitish pruinosity, with pale yellow and black hairs. Thorax largely blackish with yellowish-grey to whitish pruinosity, largely with wavy pale yellow hairs ( Fig. 3K View Fig ); lateral margins of scutum slightly matte grey, mixed with some black hairs ( Fig. 3J, L View Fig ); scutellum brownish yellow to dark brown except for brownish-black marginal areas (having distinctly wide brownish black baso-ventral corners), largely with wavy pale yellow to yellow hairs but postero-marginally mixed with a few black hairs ( Fig. 3K, L View Fig ); pleura blackish, mostly with yellowish-grey to whitish pruinosity ( Fig. 3L View Fig ); anterior anepisternum, anterior 1/3 of posterior anepisternum, dorsomedial anepimeron, posterior anepimeron, meron, anatergite, mediotergite and metasternum bare; katepisternum with upper and lower wavy pale yellow hair patches, narrowly connected on posterior margin; halter pale brown to brown. Legs with coxae and trochanters brownish black with pale yellow hairs (sometimes mixed with some black hairs) ( Fig. 3L View Fig ); femora almost entirely dark brown to brownish black except for brown apex, largely with wavy pale yellow to yellow hairs but mixed with some black hairs on posterior side of fore and mid femora and anterior side of hind femur; fore and mid tibiae dark brown to brownish black with short yellow hairs; hind tibia dark brown to brownish black, largely with short black hairs but postero-ventrally with short yellow hairs; tarsi dark brown to brownish black, dorsally with short black hairs, ventrally with short yellow hairs. Wing largely hyaline with slight pale brownish tinge ( Fig. 3J View Fig ); veins pale brown to brownish black; pterostigma brown; cell sc before pterostigma yellowish; wing membrane entirely microtrichose; upper and lower calypters pale yellow to brownish yellow with long brownish-yellow marginal hairs. Abdominal tergites unmargined, black ground color with partially greyish pruinose brownish yellow markings, with wavy pale yellow and black hairs (wave getting weaker towards apex) ( Fig. 3K View Fig ); tergite 1 subshiny black; tergite 2 latero-marginally with pair of brownish grey pruinose areas ( Fig. 3 View Fig K-a); tergites 3 and 4 each antero-laterally with pair of brownish yellow transverse stripes, each of about 1/3 width and 1/3 length of tergite, stripes separated from lateral margins; posterior margin of tergite 4 narrowly brownish yellow; tergite 5 entirely black; sternites 1-4 largely brownish black except for yellowish posterior margin, largely with wavy pale yellow hairs but posteriorly mixed with a few black hairs (sternite 1 only with pale yellow hairs); sterntites 5-8 brownish black with black hairs. Male genitalia ( Fig. 6G- I View Fig ) with epandrium slightly longer than height, anteriorly distinctly shortened of about 1/4 of posterior height in lateral view ( Fig. 6H View Fig ); surstylus relatively long and narrow in caudal view (middle width about 1/4 of length when oriented to show broadest area) ( Fig. 6G View Fig ), distinctly curved anteriorly with rounded apex in lateral view, basally with long brownish-yellow hairs, apically with short hairs ( Fig. 6H View Fig ); hypandrium with apically slightly down-curved lingula ( Fig. 6H View Fig ); lateral protuberance of hypandrium slightly shorter than lingula with rounded apex; area between lateral protuberance and lingula slightly wavy ( Fig. 6 View Fig H-a); distiphallus relatively narrow and short, about 1/4 as long as aedeagal complex, almost parallel-sided but apico-marginally distinctly widened of about 3 × of basal width in lateral view ( Fig. 6I View Fig ); antero-dorsal corner of basiphallus obtusely bent at slightly more than 90° in lateral view ( Fig. 6I View Fig ); basiphallus only with single pair of pointed antero-ventral processes; antero-ventral processes distinctly close to each other, basally widened outwardly in caudal view; anterior half of aedeagal apodem ventrally straight ( Fig. 6 View Fig I-b). Female. Unavailable, but according to Mutin and Barkalov (1999), Bygebjerg (2011), and Smit and Bree (2014), female is similar to male except for the following characteristics: Body length 7-10 mm. Head dichoptic; frons largely black with pair of narrow pruinose transverse stripes often connected on the middle forming an oblique band, with black hairs; face yellowish except for widely black lower facial margin, with black and white hairs; black vertical facial stripe from lower facial margin up to almost adjacent to the antennal sockets, about 0.33 × as wide as facial width. Abdominal tergites: tergite 2 laterally with pair of very small yellow spots separated from lateral margins; yellow transverse stripes on tergites 3 and 4 narrower than that of male, stripes about 1/5 length of tergite.

Material examined. KOREA: Gangwon-do : Hongcheon-gun , Nae-myeon , Mt. Gachilbong from Sambongyaksu to 1,240 m peak, N37°52 ʹ 04 ʺ E128°27 ʹ 43 ʺ, 25.IV.2011, S.- W. Suk et al., 2♂ GoogleMaps ; Wonju-si , Heungeop-myeon , Maeji-ri, Yonsei Univ. Mirae Campus, N37°17 ʹ 10 ʺ E127°54 ʹ 01 ʺ, 23.III.2005, S.- M.-R. Hwang, 1♂ GoogleMaps ; ditto, 28.III.2005, D.-S. Choi, S.- M.-R. Hwang, 2♂ GoogleMaps ; ditto, 19.III.2011, H.-S. Lee, 1♂ GoogleMaps ; ditto, 21.III.2012, H.-S. Lee, 1♂ GoogleMaps ; ditto, 28.III.2012, H.-S. Lee, 1♂ GoogleMaps ; ditto, 27.III.2015, S.-S. Euo, S.-H. Jeong, 1♂ GoogleMaps .

Distribution. Russian Far East including Sakhalin, Korea, Japan, widespread in Europe.

Biology. Melangyna pavlovskyi is known to visit Salix bebbiana and Prunus spp. flowers in Russia and Denmark ( Bygebjerg, 2011; Mutin et al., 2016). They were also caught on sugar baits in Denmark ( Bygebjerg, 2011). This species has been observed in grasslands within 300 m in following four forest habitats in France: Quercus pubescens Willd. , Fagus spp. , Pinus sylvestris L., and Picea spp. trees ( Langlois and Speight, 2020). And, according to Speight (2014), it also prefers humid Betula forest.

Remarks. The examined Korean specimens of M. pavlovskyi agree well with original description ( Violovitsh, 1956). This East Asian species has been only recently discovered in Europe, and, therefore, is suspected to an introduced species ( Smit and Bree, 2014; Langlois and Speight, 2020). The new Korean name of this species refers to its four yellowish markings on its abdominal tergites 3 and 4.

Kingdom	Animalia
Phylum	Arthropoda
Class	Insecta
Order	Diptera
Family	Syrphidae
Genus	Melangyna