Isoctenus areia, Polotow & Brescovit, 2009

Polotow, Daniele & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2009, Revision and cladistic analysis of Isoctenus and description of a new neotropical genus (Araneae, Ctenidae, Cteninae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (3), pp. 583-614 : 595-597

ISOCTENUS AREIA SP. NOV. ( FIG. 6A–D )

Type material: Male holotype from Matinha EAN, Areia, Paraíba, Brazil, 12.iv.1997, A. D. Brescovit, deposited in IBSP 59771. Paratypes : 1 female from Mata do Guarim , Areia, Paraíba, Brazil, 12.iv.1997, A. D. Brescovit, deposited in IBSP 59772 ; 2 males from Mata do Guarim , Areia, Paraíba, Brazil, 12.iv.1997, A. D. Brescovit, deposited in IBSP 10272 .

Additional material examined: BRAZIL. Paraíba: Areia, Matinha EAN , 3 males ( IBSP 10292 ); João Pessoa, UFPB, Campus II, 1 male ( IBSP 40996 ) .

Etymology: The species epithet is a toponymy in apposition and it is a Portuguese noun meaning ‘sand’.

Diagnosis: Isoctenus areia sp. nov. resembles I. janeirus by the morphology of the RTA in the male palp, but can be distinguished by the cymbium with retrolateral ventral projection well developed and elongated retrolateral dorsal projection and with truncated tip and slender median apophysis in the male palp ( Fig. 6A, B ) and by the cordiform median field with anterior margin slightly excavated and lateral spurs elongated in the epigynum ( Fig. 6C ).

Description: Male ( IBSP 59771). Coloration as in I. foliifer . Total length 7.50. Carapace 4.30 long and 3.30 wide. Clypeus 0.10 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.18, ALE 0,16, PME 0,20, PLE 0.20. Leg measurements: I: femur 4.50/ patella 1.90/ tibia 4.90/ metatarsus 4.20/ tarsus 2.00/ total 17.50; II: 4.00/ 1.80/ 4.00/ 3.60/ 1.60/ 15.00; III: 3.50/ 1.60/ 3.30/ 3.60/ 1.50/ 13.50; IV: 4.70/ 1.70/ 4.80/ 5.70/ 2.00/ 18.90. Leg spination as in I. foliifer , except tibia I p1-1-0. Coxa IV with ventral apophysis ( Polotow et al., 2005, fig. 5). Palp: tibia short, approximately half cymbium length; RTA with ventral branch short and dorsal branch truncated with several internal folds and short tip; tibia with rounded ventral apophysis and retrolateral distal process excavated ( Fig. 6A, B ). Robust embolus, with bifid tip and basal retrolateral projection elongated; prolateral basal projection of embolus elongated; median apophysis with anterior projection elongated and posterior projection laminar ( Fig. 6A ).

Female ( IBSP 59772). Coloration as in I. foliifer . Total length 8.50. Carapace 3.90 long and 2.80 wide. Clypeus 0.14 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.14, ALE 0.12, PME 0.22, PLE 0.18. Legs measurements: I: femur 3.20/ patella 1.70/ tibia 3.20/ metatarsus 2.40/ tarsus 1.10/ total 11.60; II: 2.90/ 1.50/ 2.70/ 2.10/ 1.00/ 10.20; III: 2.60/ 1.20/ 2.20/ 2.30/ 1.00/ 9.30; IV: 3.50/ 1.40/ 3.50/ 3.50/ 1.40/ 13.30. Leg spination as in I. foliifer , except metatarsus IV p1-1-1-1. Epigynum: median field with posterior margin slightly projected; lateral spurs partially covered by the median field and with narrow tip ( Fig. 6C ). Spermathecae with large base and small rounded head; ventral wall with a fold behind the spermathecae ( Fig. 6D ).

Variation: Six males: total length 6.40–8.50, carapace 3.60–4.60, femur I 3.70–4.70.

Distribution: North-eastern Brazil, State of Paraíba.

ISOCTENUS COXALIS (PICKARD- CAMBRIDGE, 1902)

( FIGS 3A–D , 18A , 19F , 20D )

Isoctenus janeirus Walckenaer, 1837 ; Mello-Leitão, 1936: 20, pl. II, fig. 42 (misidentification).

Ctenus velox Keyserling, 1891: 147 , pl. 4, fig. 100 (male holotype from Alto da Serra, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1.vii.1890, Göldi, deposited in BMNH 2919, examined) (preoccupied by Blackwall, 1865); Pickard-Cambridge, 1897: 65; Bonnet, 1956: 1278; Platnick, 2008.

Ctenus coxalis Pickard-Cambridge, 1902: 412 (replacement name for C. velox Keyserling ); Bonnet, 1956: 1278; Simó & Brescovit, 2001: 69, 79; Silva, 2003: 9.

Ctenus velocitarcis Roewer, 1951: 446 (superfluous replacement name).

Isoctenus coxalis Silva, 2003: 26 ; Polotow et al., 2005: 38, figs 1–5; Platnick, 2008.

Note: The specimen described as Ctenus velox by Mello-Leitão (1936: 14, pl. III, figs 28, 29) was a misidentification, and it is an undescribed species.

Additional material examined: BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: 1 female ( IBSP 421 ) . Goiás: São Mateus, Gruta Matilde , 1 male, 2 females ( IBSP 2709 , 5166 ) . Distrito Federal: Brasília, 1 female ( IBSP 4667 ) ; Bahia: Ituaçu, Gruta Mangabeira , 1 female ( IBSP) . Minas Gerais: Uberlândia, 1 female ( MCN 17709) ; Barão dos Cocais, 2 females ( IBSP 2506 ) ; Munhoz, 2 females ( IBSP 33246 , 33248 ) . São Paulo: Pirajú, Usina Hidrelétrica de Pirajú , 1 female ( IBSP 37425 ) ; Águas de Santa Bárbara , 1 female ( IBSP 7753 ) ; Aguaí, 1 female ( IBSP 7626 ) ; Capivari, 1 male ( IBSP 44311 ) ; Indaiatuba, 1 male ( IBSP 37854 ) ; Caçapava, 1 female ( IBSP 35004 ) ; Guaratinguetá, 2 females ( IBSP 2667 ) ; Porto Feliz, 1 male ( IBSP 4700 ) ; Valinhos, 1 female ( IBSP 8595 ) ; Sorocaba, 1 female ( IBSP 8348 ) ; Santos, 1 male ( IBSP 2486 ) ; Tatuí, 2 males, 1 female ( IBSP 7625 ) ; Vargem Grande Paulista, 1 male ( IBSP 19935 ) ; São Roque, 1 female ( IBSP 20446 ) ; Mogi das Cruzes, 1 male ( IBSP 8251 ) ; Salesópolis, Estação Ecológica de Boracéia , 1 female ( IBSP 7442 ) ; Ubatuba, 1 female ( IBSP 4673 ) . Paraná: Telêmaco Borba, 1 female ( IBSP 6575 ) ; Curitiba, 1 male ( IBSP 8527 ) ; Tijucas do Sul, Lagoa , 1 male ( IBSP 39062 ) . Rio Grande do Sul: São Jerônimo , 1 female ( MCN 9798 ) ; Guaíba / Sertão Santana, 1 female ( MCN 28939) ; Porto Alegre, 2 males ( MCN 446 ) ; Viamão, Médio Arroio Pesqueiro, 30°09′S 50°57′W, 1 female ( MCN 33183) .

Diagnosis: Isoctenus coxalis resembles I. corymbus by the morphology of the median apophysis and embolus ( Fig. 19F ) in the male palp, but can be distinguished by the short tibiae, ventral branch of RTA elongated, with narrow tip and posterior projection of the median apophysis laminar in the male palp ( Polotow et al., 2005, figs 1, 2). Females are recognized by the lateral spurs short and robust with pointed tip and the smooth spermathecae in the epigynum ( Polotow et al., 2005, figs 3, 4).

Description: Male and female are described in Polotow et al. (2005: 38, figs 1–5).

Distribution: Central-western, south-eastern and south of Brazil, States of Mato Grosso, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul.

Figures

Figure 3. Isoctenus coxalis: A, chelicerae, intermarginal denticles (arrow); B, tarsal organ; C, trichobothria; D, female pedipalpal tarsal claw.

Figure 6. Isoctenus areia sp. nov.: A, male palp, ventral view; B, male palp, retrolateral view; C, epigynum, ventral view; D, epigynum dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.50 mm.

Figure 18. Male palp, ventral view: A, partially expanded palp of Isoctenus coxalis. Abbreviations: bpe, basal prolateral projection of embolus; ma, median apophysis; stc, sclerotized tegular projection of conductor base; stp, subtegulum projection. Scale bar: 0.50 mm. B, male palp of Enoploctenus cyclothorax (arrow pointed the basal depression of RTA). Abbreviations: e, embolus; ma, median apophysis; mtp, membranous tegular projection; rta, retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bar: 1.00 mm.

Figure 19. A–H. Embolus: A, Isoctenus eupalaestrus; B, I. minusculus comb. nov.; C, I. strandi; D, I. malabaris; E, I. foliifer; F, I. coxalis; G, I. janeirus; H, I. ordinario sp. nov.; I, median apophysis of Isoctenus ordinario sp. nov., dorsal view.

Figure 20. Female tarsal claw. A, Ancylometes concolor; B, Enoploctenus cyclothorax; C, Parabatinga brevipes comb. nov.; D, Isoctenus coxalis; E, Ctenus dubius; F, Phoneutria nigriventer. G–H, prolateral male claw of Africactenus evadens, leg I: G, prolateral view; H, retrolateral view.