Sarinda sombraluminosa Hagopián, Laborda & Simó, 2024

Hagopián, Damián, Bustamante, Abel A., Laborda, Álvaro & Simó, Miguel, 2024, Two new species of Sarinda Peckham & Peckham, 1892, with an update on Sarindini in Uruguay (Araneae: Salticidae), European Journal of Taxonomy 925 (1), pp. 100-134 : 102-112

Sarinda sombraluminosa Hagopián, Laborda & Simó sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F9B935EA-2DCE-4E3C-92C5-A815FCA8B9CB

Figs 1–12 , 33

Diagnosis

Among Sarinda with an embolus longer than 2T, S. sombraluminosa Hagopián, Laborda & Simó sp. nov. can be distinguished from S. nigra , S. capibarae Galiano,1967 , S. silvatica Chickering, 1946 , S. marcosi , and S. panamae Galiano, 1965 by having a dorsally curved RvTA and a shorter embolus (3T+90°) (9T or 10T in S. nigra , see Galiano 1965: 301, fig. 1; 8T or 9T in S. capibarae , see Galiano 1967: 32, fig. 21; 6T or 7T in S. silvatica , see Galiano 1965: 301, fig. 4; 4T or 5T in S. marcosi , see Galiano 1965: 304, fig. 1 and Hagopián et al. 2021: 265, fig. 1e; 4T in S. panamae , see Galiano 1965: 304, fig. 2); males of S. sombraluminosa can be distinguished of S. ruficeps (Simon, 1901) by having a curved RvTA pointing to the bulb and longer embolus (2T + 90º in S. ruficeps , see Müller & Cutler 1989: 75, fig. 5) ( Figs 4A–B , 5A–B , 6A–D ). Among Sarinda with two pairs of spermathecae, S. sombraluminosa resemble those of S. capibarae , but can be distinguished from those of S. capibarae by having shorter copulatory ducts and an internal duct that connects the secondary spermatheca with the primary having four turns around the gland (16 in S. capibarae , see Galiano 1967: 32, fig. 23) ( Figs 4E–F , 5E–F , 7A–B ).

Etymology

The specific epithet is a compound noun in apposition that means ‘luminous shadow’ in Spanish, because of the contrasting colors of white scales on the chelicerae of the male and on the dark body of both sexes of the species.

Type material

Holotype

URUGUAY • ♂; Montevideo, Melilla ; 34.73194° S, 56.32218° W; 18 Apr. 2020; D. Hagopián leg.; in a pile of grass cut with a tractor rotary cutter in grassland; FCE-Ar 13551 .

Paratypes

URUGUAY • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; FCE-Ar 5896 • 5 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; FCE-Ar 5896 .

Other material examined

URUGUAY – Durazno • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; San Eduardo ; 32.59222° S, 55.71194° W; 29 Jan. 2019; G. Pompozzi leg.; FCE-Ar 11400 • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same locality as for preceding; 12 Aug. 2019; G. Pompozzi leg.; FCEAr 11259 . – Flores • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Rincón de Piedra ; 33.87750° S, 56.98833° W; 2 May 2019; G. Pompozzi leg.; in grassland; FCE-Ar 11393 • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 21 Oct. 2019; G. Pompozzi leg.; FCE-Ar 11241 . – Montevideo • 1 ♀; Melilla ; 34.73261° S, 56.32110° W; 18 Feb. 2018; D Hagopián leg.; walking on outside wall; FCE-Ar 11214 • 1 ♂, same locality as for preceding; 8 Apr. 2018; D. Hagopián leg.; FCE-Ar 9010 • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 15 May 2018; D. Hagopián leg.; FCE-Ar 9462 • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 9 Dec. 2022; D. Hagopián leg.; FCE-Ar 14008 . – Río Negro • 1 ♂; Ruta 24 Km 85 , Estancia “Las Cadenas” ; 32.52742° S, 58.03322° W; 30 Abr. 2020; A. Mailhos leg.; walking on fence (in grassland); FCE-Ar 13561 • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 32.52706° S, 58.03436° W; 7 May 2020; A. Mailhos leg.; walking on fence (in grassland); FCE-Ar 13550 • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 5 Jan. 2021; A. Mailhos leg.; walking on fence (in grassland); FCE-Ar 13778 • 1 ♂; same locality sa for preceding; 32.53036° S, 58.03533° W; 1 May 2021, A. Mailhos leg.; walking on fence (in grassland); FCE-Ar 13563 . – Rivera • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Mi Lucha ; 31.43711° S, 55.27094° W; 10 Jul. 2019; G. Pompozzi leg.; in grassland; FCE-Ar 11251 • 1 ♂; Ypoá ; 31.73139° S, 55.56972° W; 14 Oct. 2019; G. Pompozzi leg.; in grassland; FCE-Ar 11246 • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 9 Jul. 2019; G. Pompozzi leg.; in grassland; FCE-Ar 11408 • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 12 Feb. 2020; G. Pompozzi leg.; vFCE-Ar 11414 .

Description

Male (holotype FCE-Ar 13551)

COLOR. Carapace black with white scales on face and on back of cephalic constriction. Abdomen as carapace, with slight dorsal constriction in middle and with transversal band of white scales, some of those scales scattered in lower density in posterior region of abdomen ( Figs 1D, F , 2A–C , 9A–C ). Ventrally black, sternum narrow as shown in Fig. 9D . Spinnerets dark brown. Palps dark brown. Legs I and II ventrally and dorsally yellowish, with lateral sides brown, being only the tarsus of leg I dark brown. Legs III with coxae, trochanter, femur and patella dark brown, tibiae, metatarsus and tarsus as leg II. Leg IV darker, with yellowish coxa and patella, rest of segments dark brown ( Figs 1B, D, F , 2A–C , 3A, C ). Trichobothria present in tarsus of leg I as shown in Fig. 9E . Cheliceral paturon dark brown with four promarginal teeth (distal one being bigger) and one bigger, not curved, and flat retromarginal tooth. Mastidion near base of claw ( Fig. 10A ). White spoon-shaped scales homogeneously scattered all over anterior surface of paturon ( Figs 1B, D , 3A , 10 ).

MEASUREMENTS. Total length 3.80. Carapace length 2.0, width 1.10, height 1.0.AME diameter 0.35. Ocular quadrangle length 0.90. Anterior eye row width 1.0. Posterior eye row width 0.90. Abdomen length 1.80.

LEGS. Leg I: femur 1.0, patella 0.50, tibia 1.10, metatarsus 0.70, tarsus 0.40; II: fe 0.80, pa 0.40, ti 0.70, mt 0.55, ta 0.30; III: fe 0.80, pa 0.45, ti 0.70, mt 0.70, ta 0.30; IV: fe 1.40, pa 0.40, ti 1.50, mt 1.50, ta 0.35. Leg formula 4132. Leg macrosetae: femur and patella I–IV d0, p0, r0, v0; tibia I v2-2-2; II v1r-1r-1r; III 0, IV v1p; metatarsus I–II v2-2; III v2-1r, p 2ap, r 2ap; IV v2-1r2, p1ap, r2ap, d1p-1p-2.

PALP. Tibia longer than wide; RTA tooth like, curved dorsally, longer than RvTA. RvTA thumb-like, curved ventrally, embolus simple, fixed to tegulum, arising distally (11:00) (3T+90°) ( Figs 4A–D , 5A– D , 6 ).

ABDOMEN. Male without epiandrous fusules ( Fig. 7C–D ).

Female (paratype FCE-Ar 5896)

COLOR. As in male ( Figs 1C, E, G , 2D–F , 3B, D ). Modified scales present along constriction between cephalic and thoracic regions ( Fig. 9A–C ).

MEASUREMENTS. Total length 4.50. Carapace length 2.10, width 1.0, height 0.90. AME diameter 0.30. Ocular quadrangle length 0.80. Anterior eye row width 1.0. Posterior eye row width 1.0. Abdomen length 2.40.

LEGS. Leg I: femur 1.0, patella 0.38, tibia 1.0, metatarsus 0.50, tarsus 0.40. II: fe 0.80, pa 0.45, ti 0.60, mt 0.50, ta 0.38. III: fe 1.0, pa 0.50, ti 0.65, mt 0.60, ta 0.30. IV: fe 1.40, pa 0.50, ti 1.30, mt 1.0, ta 0.40. Leg formula 4132. Leg macrosetae: femur I–II d1-1-0, p0, r0; III d0-1-0 (d0-1-1 right), p0, r0; IV d1-1-1, p0, r0; patella I–IV 0; tibia I p0, r0, v2*-2a-0; II p0, r0, v1r-1r-0; III–IV 0; metatarsus I p0, r0, v2-2; II p0, r0, v1r-2; III–IV 0.

PALP. Tibiae wider than cymbium, both with saber-like setae ( Fig. 8 ). Chelicerae paturon with five promarginal teeth and one bigger and flat retromarginal tooth ( Fig. 3D ).

EPIGYNE. Atrium horse-shoe like, slightly sclerotized with narrow copulatory openings. Posterior margin bilobed with constriction reaching entrance of atrium ( Figs 4E , 5E , 7A ). Spermatheca can be seen through cuticle, secondary (posterior ones) bigger. Internally, spermatheca (anterior) touching each other, connected with slightly spiraled duct with four turns around gland to secondary spermatheca (posterior). Internal gland thicker than inner duct and head almost touching primary spermathecae. Copulatory ducts membranous with five turns before connecting with secondary spermatheca ( Figs 4F , 5F , 7B ).

SPINNERETS. Posterior lateral spinnerets with aciniform glands, posterior median spinnerets with aciniform and minor ampullate glands and anterior lateral spinnerets with piriform glands and major ampullate glands ( Fig. 12 ).

Natural history

This species was found in bushes, herbaceous vegetation and on fences placed in grasslands ( Fig. 1A ), collected by hand and G-Vac vacuum. It has been observed in the same foraging places as the ant Camponotus termitarius Emery, 1902 . In the laboratory, the specimens were fed different species of Drosophila Fallén, 1823 . Specimens were recorded lifting the first pair of legs and moving the pedipalps up and down when walking (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=obBZqjP1b8I) and eating a fly (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tma8CZ6OCOc).

Taxonomic remarks

This species is mentioned as “ Sarinda sp.1 ” in Hagopián & Laborda (2020), who recorded it as a host of mantispid larvae. Also, this species was misidentified as S. capibarae in Pompozzi et al. (2022: table s 1 in supplementary material).

Distribution

Known from Uruguay (Durazno, Flores, Montevideo, Río Negro and Rivera) ( Fig. 33 ).

Figures

Fig. 1. Sarinda sombraluminosa Hagopián, Laborda & Simó sp. nov., photographs in vivo. A. Site where the species was collected. B, D, F. Male. C, E, G. Female.

Fig. 2. Sarinda sombraluminosa Hagopián, Laborda & Simó sp. nov., habitus. A–C. Holotype, ♂ (FCE- Ar 13551). D–F. Paratype, ♀ (FCE-Ar 5896). A, D. Dorsal view. B, E. Lateral view. C, F. Ventral view.

Fig. 3. Sarinda sombraluminosa Hagopián, Laborda & Simó sp. nov., face and chelicera.A, C. Holotype, ♂ (FCE-Ar 13551). B, D. Paratype, ♀ (FCE-Ar 5896). A–B. Face. C–D. Chelicera.

Fig. 4. Sarinda sombraluminosa Hagopián, Laborda & Simó sp. nov., photographs of genitalia. A–D. Holotype, ♂ (FCE-Ar 13551), pedipalp. A. Ventral view. B. Retrolateral view. C. Dorsal view. D. Prolateral view. E–F. Paratype, ♀ (FCE-Ar 5896), epigynum. E. Ventral view. F. Dorsal view.

Fig. 5. Sarinda sombraluminosa Hagopián, Laborda & Simó sp. nov., drawings of genitalia. A–D. Holotype, ♂ (FCE-Ar 13551), pedipalp. A. Ventral view. B. Retrolateral view. C. Dorsal view. D. Prolateral viwe. E–F. Paratype, ♀ (FCE-Ar 5896), epigynum. E. Ventral view. F. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; E = embolus; FD = fertilization duct; gl = gland; PS = primary spermatheca; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; RvTA = retroventral tibial apophysis; SS = secondary spermatheca.

Fig. 6. Sarinda sombraluminosa Hagopián, Laborda & Simó sp. nov., paratype, ♂ (FCE-Ar 5896), scanning electronic microphotography (SEM) of pedipalp. A. Ventral view. B. Retrolateral view, arrow indicating paracymbium. C. Retroventral tibial apophysis, ventral view. D–E. RvTA, retrolateral view, with an arrow indicating the paracymbium. Abbreviations: E = embolus; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; RvTA = retroventral tibial apophysis; T = tegulum.

Fig. 7. Sarinda sombraluminosa Hagopián, Laborda & Simó sp. nov., SEM of genitalia. A–B. Paratype, ♀ (FCE-Ar 5896), epigynum. A. Ventral view. B. Dorsal view. C–D. Paratype, ♂ (FCE-Ar 5896), epigastric male zone, showing the absence of epiandric spigots. Abbreviations: CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; SS = secondary spermatheca.

Fig. 8. Sarinda sombraluminosa Hagopián, Laborda & Simó sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (FCE-Ar 5896), SEM of female palp. A. General view, upper arrow pointing to distal macrosetae, lower pointing to the abundance of setae in tibia and cymbium. B. Distal macrosetae. C–D. Saber-shaped macrosetae details.

Fig. 9. Sarinda sombraluminosa Hagopián, Laborda & Simó sp. nov., SEM. A–C. Paratype, ♀ (FCE- Ar 5896). A. Prosoma general view, arrow pointing to scales in the constriction between cephalic and thoracic regions.B–C. Arrangement and details of scales.D–E. Paratype, ♂ (FCE-Ar 5896). D. Sternum. E. Tarsus, arrows pointing to trichobothria.

Fig. 10. Sarinda sombraluminosa Hagopián, Laborda & Simó sp. nov., paratype, ♂ (FCE-Ar 5896), SEM of left chelicerae. A. Chelicerae general view, black arrows pointing to the teeth of the promargin and retromargin, white arrows pointing to scales. B. Scale details. C. Teeth of the promargin and retromargin.

Fig. 11. Sarinda sombraluminosa Hagopián, Laborda & Simó sp. nov., paratype, ♂ (FCE-Ar 5896), SEM of opisthosoma. A. General view, white arrows pointing to scales. B–D. Scale details.

Fig. 12. Sarinda sombraluminosa Hagopián, Laborda & Simó sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (FCE-Ar 5896), SEM of spinnerets. A. General view. B. Anterior lateral spinneret. C. Posterior median spinneret. D. Posterior lateral spinneret. Abbreviations: ac = aciniform gland; alS = anterior lateral spinneret; mAP = minor ampullate gland; MAP = major ampullate gland; pi = piriform spigot; plS = posterior lateral spinneret; pmS = posterior medial spinneret.

Fig. 33. Distribution map with records in Uruguay of Parafluda banksi Chickering, 1946 (blue circles), Sarinda marcosi Piza, 1937 (yellow squares), Sarinda contraluz Hagopián & Bustamante sp. nov. (red inverted triangles) and Sarinda sombraluminosa Hagopián, Laborda & Simó sp. nov. (green triangles).