Trico tricolor fulgora ( Butler, 1869 )

Espeland, Marianne, Nakahara, Shinichi, Zacca, Thamara, Barbosa, Eduardo P., Huertas, Blanca, Marín, Mario A., Lamas, Gerardo, Benmesbah, Mohamed, Brévignon, Christian, Casagrande, Mirna M., Fåhraeus, Christer, Grishin, Nick, Kawahara, Akito Y., Mielke, Olaf H. H., Miller, Jacqueline Y., Nakamura, Ichiro, Navas, Vanessa, Patrusky, Brooke, Pyrcz, Tomasz W., Richards, Lindsay, Tan, Denise, Tyler, Stephanie, Viloria, Angel, Warren, Andrew D., Xiao, Lei, Freitas, André V. L. & Willmott, Keith R., 2023, Combining target enrichment and Sanger sequencing data to clarify the systematics of the diverse Neotropical butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), Zoological Research 2023, pp. 1-73 : 34-73

Trico tricolor fulgora ( Butler, 1869) , comb.n.

Euptychia fulgora Butler (1869 , p. 7, pl. III, figure 4) TL:

Pebas, [Loreto], Peru. Types: LT male (here designated): ‘BMNH(E)-1,266,953// Type H.T.// Type spec.// Type //B. M. TYPE No. Rh. 3184 Euptychia fulgora ♂ Butl.//Pebas, E. Peru. J. Hauxwell// ♂ //Godman-Salvin Coll. 1904.-1. Euptychia tricolor , Hew’. (NHMUK) [figured on www.butterfliesofamerica.com, examined].

Taxonomy. Euptychia tricolor was described by Hewitson (1850) based on an unspecified number of specimens from the river Amazon, Brazil, most likely in the vicinity of Pará. Although the sex was not stated, the characters in the original description are clearly those of the male, and the male syntype located at the NHMUK matches the original description. Butler (1869) described Euptychia fulgora based on an unspecified number of specimens from Pebas, Peru, and the syntype in the NHMUK matches the original description. To ensure future nomenclatural stability we thus designate these two specimens as lectotypes for E. tricolor and E. fulgora (lectotype designations).

Distribution and natural history ( Figure 29 ). Trico tricolor comb.n. is known to date from the Amazon basin, the Guianas and Trinidad. The nominate subspecies occurs in the Guianas and Trinidad, as well as along the Amazon river from the state of Maranhao ˜to Manaus. The neighbouring subspecies Trico tricolor fulgora comb.n., occurs mainly in the western Amazon basin, but its range apparently extends as far south as central Bolivia and as far east as central Brazil. The immature stages and hostplants have not been described. A list of specimens examined is provided in Appendix B.

Discussion. Trico gen.n. is described as a monotypic genus for Euptychia tricolor based on molecular data presented herein. As shown in this study, Euptychia tricolor is distantly related to the type species of Magneuptychia , Papilio libye Linnaeus, 1767 , providing one layer of evidence for removal from Magneuptychia . We establish a new monotypic genus for Euptychia tricolor for the same reasons we discuss under Occulta gen.n. Euptychia fulgora was introduced as a species close to Euptychia tricolor by Butler (1869). As stated in the original description, there are consistent differences in wing shape and pattern between Euptychia fulgora and Euptychia tricolor : the male forewing is more elongated in Euptychia tricolor , whereas the forewing is broader in male Euptychia fulgora ; E. tricolor lacks iridescent scales in the DFW discal cell, whereas a lilac bluish streak is present in the male DFW discal cell and extends further into adjacent cells distal of discal cell in Euptychia fulgora . Weymer (1911) recognized Euptychia fulgora as a form of Euptychia tricolor , and this taxonomy has been followed by subsequent authors such as Lamas (2004). Although there appear to be no genitalic differences between Euptychia tricolor and Euptychia fulgora , the rather stable aforementioned male wing characters can be considered as evidence for treating these two taxa as distinct subspecies. We were unable to obtain molecular data for Euptychia tricolor , so the decision might be somewhat subjective. Nevertheless, it must be noted that male specimens of the nominate race from the state of Amazonas, Brazil, do exhibit a slight blue stripe in the DFW discal cell, as a trace in some specimens, suggesting that there is gene flow between these taxa and that they are thus best treated as conspecific.

Trico tricolor fulgora

BRAZIL: Amazonas: Benjamin Constant , [4°23'S,70°2'W], 1 ♁, ( DZUP) ; Camuna, ( Le Moult , E.), 1 ♀ [ FLMNH-MGCL-265412 ], ( FLMNH) ; Ega , [3°22'S,64°42'W], (Bates, H. W.), 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1668515], 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1668516], 1 ♀ [ BMNH ( E)-1668536], ( NHMUK) ; Fonte Boa , [2°31'S,66°5'W], (Bates, H. W.), 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1668519], ( NHMUK) ; Humaitá, [7°32'S,63°2'W], (Hoffmanns, W.), Jul-Sep 1906, 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1499301], ( NHMUK); Lago Calado, (Le Moult, E.), 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265417], 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265418], 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265419], ( FLMNH) ; Manicoré, [5°49'S,61°17'W], (Callaghan, C. J.), 17 Aug 1976, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265416], ( FLMNH), (Le Moult, E.), 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265408 ; Rio Madeira], 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265409 ; Rio Madeira], ( FLMNH) ; Maués, [3°22'S,57°43'W], (Le Moult, E.), Nov 1998, 1 ♀ [FLMNH-MGCL-265420], 1 ♀ [FLMNH-MGCL-265421], ( FLMNH), (Moss, A. M.), 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1499320], 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-525608], ( NHMUK), (Simon, M. J.), Nov 1998, 1 ♀ [FLMNH-MGCL-265422], 1 ♀ [FLMNH-MGCL-265423], 1 ♀ [FLMNH-MGCL-265424], ( FLMNH) ; Rio Japurá, Maraá, [1°50'S,65°22'W], Feb 1994, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265425], ( FLMNH) ; Rio Javari, (Trail, J), 4/12/'74, 1 ♀ [ BMNH ( E)-1668537], ( NHMUK) ; São Paulo de Olivença, [3°28'S,68°57'W], 1 ♁, ( DZUP), (Le Moult, E.), 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265406], 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265407], 1 ♀ [FLMNH-MGCL-265411], ( FLMNH), (Mathan, M. de), 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1668520], ( NHMUK) ; [ Rio] Solimões, São Jõao, [3°25'S,68°29'W], 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1668521], 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1668522], ( NHMUK); Tefé, [3°22'S,64°44'W], 1 ♁, ( DZUP), (Le Moult, E.), 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265410 ; Rio Solimoes], 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265413 ; Rio Solimoes], 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265414 ; Rio Solimoes], 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265415; Rio Solimoes], 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-266236], ( FLMNH), (Mathan, M. de), Sep-Oct 1879, 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1668518], ( NHMUK), (Mathan, M. de.), Oct 1907, 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1499303], 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1499304], ( NHMUK), Sep 1907, 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1499300], ( NHMUK), (Moss, A. M.), 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1499319], 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-525607], ( NHMUK) ; Pará: Amazonas, (Boy, H. C.), 8 May 1926, ( ZSM); Cuiabá-Santarém highway, km 958, [8°3'S,55°2'W], (Callaghan, C. J.), 17 Jul 1978, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-266239], ( FLMNH); Itaituba on Rio Tapajós, [4°16'8''S,55°59'10''W], (Le Moult, E.), 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-266250], ( FLMNH); Itaituba, [4°17'S,55°59'W], (Pohl), 1 ♁, ( DZUP); Óbidos, [1°54'S,55°31'W], (Le Moult, E.), 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-266248], ( FLMNH); Pará, [1°0'S,51°11'W], 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1668535; ' Para?'], ( NHMUK), 1 ♁ ['B.M. TYPE No. Rh3183 Euptychia tricolor, ♁ Hew.'//' Para. Hewitson Coll. 79-69. Euptychia tricolor, Hew. 1.'//'Type'], ( NHMUK), (Bates, H. W.), 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1668517], ( NHMUK), (Moss, A. M.), 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1499309], 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1499310], 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1499311], 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)- 1499312], 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1499313], 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1499314], 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1499315], 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1499316], 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1499317], 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1499318], 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-525597], 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-525598], 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-525600], 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-525601], 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-525602], 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-525604], 1 ♀ [ BMNH ( E)-1499308], 1 ♀ [ BMNH ( E)-525599], ( NHMUK); Rondônia: ‘Big Rock Trail’, 3 km E of Fazenda Rancho Grande on Linha C-20, [10°17'47''S,62°50'27''W], (Austin, G. T.), 18 Nov 1992, 1 ♀ [FLMNH-MGCL-265379], ( FLMNH), 21 Sep 1992, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265380], 1 ♀ [FLMNH-MGCL-265363], 1 ♀ [FLMNH-MGCL-265364], ( FLMNH), 24 Sep 1992, 1 ♀ [FLMNH-MGCL-265391], ( FLMNH); 1 km N Cacaulândia, Fernandes Trail (Linha C-14) off B-65, [10°21'13''S,62°56'38''W], (Austin, G. T.), 10 Nov 1990, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265386], 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265387], ( FLMNH); 62 km S Ariquemes off B-65, vicinity of Fazenda Rancho Grande, [10°17'58''S,62°52'14''W], (Austin, G. T.), 31 Oct 1989, 1 ♀ [FLMNH-MGCL-265366], ( FLMNH), (Austin, G.T.), 22 Nov 1991, 1 ♀ [FLMNH-MGCL-298036], ( FLMNH), (Harris, L. & C.), 9-17 Nov 1990, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265404], 1 ♀ [FLMNH-MGCL-265401], ( FLMNH); 62 km S Ariquemes off B-65, vicinity of Fazenda Rancho Grande, [10°17'58''S,62°52'14''W], 180 m, (Austin, G. T.), 21 Mar 1989, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265383], ( FLMNH), 22 Mar 1989, 1 ♀ [FLMNH-MGCL-265362], ( FLMNH), 4 Nov 1989, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265390], 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265394], ( FLMNH), 5 Nov 1989, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265384], ( FLMNH); 67 km S Ariquemes, 5 km S of Cacaulândia on Linha C-10 at Rio Pardo off B-65, [10°23' 15''S,62°54'53''W], (Austin, G. T.), 14 Oct 1993, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265361], ( FLMNH), (Gomes, O.), 11 Nov 1994, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265370], ( FLMNH), 12 Nov 1995, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265372], ( FLMNH), 13 Nov 1995, 1 ♀ [FLMNH-MGCL-265374], ( FLMNH), 15 Jan 1995, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-298033], ( FLMNH), 20 Oct 1994, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265399], ( FLMNH), 6 May 1995, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265371], ( FLMNH); ‘ Ariquemes’ [=Cacaulândia] 62 km S linha C- 20, 7 km E B-65, Fazenda Rancho Grande, [10°17'58''S,62°52'14''W], (Austin, G. T.), 10 Nov 1991, 1 ♀ [FLMNH-MGCL-265376], ( FLMNH), 11 May 1995, 1 ♀ [FLMNH-MGCL-265378], ( FLMNH), 13 Nov 1992, 1 ♀ [FLMNH-MGCL-265392], ( FLMNH), 13 Nov 1993, 1 ♀ [FLMNH-MGCL-265393], ( FLMNH), 14 Jun 1993, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265368], ( FLMNH), 16 Nov 1991, 1 ♀ [FLMNH-MGCL-265375], ( FLMNH), 17 Nov 1990, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265389], ( FLMNH), 20 Apr 1991, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265395], ( FLMNH), 21 Aug 1993, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265358], ( FLMNH), 22 Sep 1992, 1 ♀ [FLMNH-MGCL-265365], ( FLMNH), 8 Nov 1990, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265388], ( FLMNH), 9 Nov 1991, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265385], ( FLMNH), (Austin, G.T.), 15 May 1995, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-298032], ( FLMNH), 21 Apr 1991, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-298030], ( FLMNH), 3 May 1995, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-298031], ( FLMNH), (Bongiolo, G.), 23 Aug 1992, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265359; Station #8 forest], ( FLMNH), 31 Oct 1992, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265360; Station #3 forest], ( FLMNH), 7 Jun 1992, 1 ♀ [FLMNH-MGCL-265367], ( FLMNH), (Brock, J. P.), 1 Nov 1989, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265396], ( FLMNH), (Gomes, O.), 17 Nov 1995, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265403], ( FLMNH), 22 Oct 1992, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265398], ( FLMNH); ‘ Ariquemes’ [=Cacaulândia] 62 km S linha C- 20, 7 km E B-65, Fazenda Rancho Grande, [10°17'58''S,62°52'14''W], 143 m, 20 Apr 1997, 1 ♀ [FLMNH-MGCL-298034], ( FLMNH), (Harris, L. & C.), 20 Apr 1997, 1 ♀ [FLMNH-MGCL-265400], ( FLMNH); ‘ Ariquemes’ [=Cacaulândia] 62 km S linha C- 20, 7 km E B-65, Fazenda Rancho Grande, [10°17'58''S,62°52'14''W], 165 m, (Ross, G. N.), 16 Feb 1991, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265405], ( FLMNH); Ariquemes 70 km S, B-80 between Linhas C-10 and 15, [10°24'36''S,62°53'59''W], 165 m, (Harris, L. & C.), 17 Apr 1992, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265357], ( FLMNH); Linha C- 20, 7 km E B-65 [=Fazenda Rancho Grande], [10°17' 58''S,62°52'14''W], (Smith, J. A.), 1 ♁, ( BME), 18-26 Apr 1991, 1 ♁, ( BME); off B-65, Linha C-20 at Rio Pardo, [10°17'58''S,62°57'5''W], (Austin, G. T.), 15 Nov 1992, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265382], ( FLMNH), 17 Nov 1992, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265381], 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265402], ( FLMNH), 18 Sep 1992, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265397], ( FLMNH), 27 Oct 1990, 1 ♀ [FLMNH-MGCL-265377], ( FLMNH); Porto Velho district, (Moss, A. M.), Feb-Mar 1926, 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1499302], ( NHMUK); Not located: ‘Brazil’, 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1499305], ( NHMUK). COLOMBIA: Amazonas: Puerto Nariño, San Juan de Loreto Yacu, [3°44'6''S,70°30'19''W], 100 m, (Raab), 6 Sep 1983, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265369], ( FLMNH); Río Caquetá, La Pedrera, [1°18'S,69°42'W], 170 m, (Simon, M. J.), 31 May 1992, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-265373], ( FLMNH). ECUADOR: Napo: km 14 Tena-Puyo rd., Apuya, [1°6'28''S,77°46'49''W], 600 m, (Hall, J. P. W., Willmott, K. R.), 12-14 Feb 1995, 1 ♀ [FLMNH-MGCL-266235], ( FLMNH); Río Misahuallí, Tena, [0°59'28''S,77°49'6''W], 500 m, (Jenkins, D. W. & J.), 23 Jan 1985, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-266234], ( FLMNH); Río Sinde, km 12 Tena-Puyo rd., Finca San Carlo, [1°5' 33''S,77°46'50''W], 600 m, (Hall, J. P. W., Willmott, K. R.), 19-23 Feb 1995, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-266233], ( FLMNH), (Willmott, K. R., Hall, J. P. W.), 5 Dec 1997, ( FLMNH), Feb 1995 ,1997, ( FLMNH); Orellana: Coca, Berna, 12 Sep 1900, 1 ♀, ( ZSM); Laguna Zancudococha, cabañas trail, [0°36'10''S,75°29'27''W], 190 m, (Willmott, K. R., J. C. R., J. I. R.), 4,9- 13 Jul 2017, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-288647], 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-288648], ( FLMNH), (Willmott, K.R., J.C. R, J.I.R.), 4,9- 13 Jul 2017, 1 ♁, (INABIO); Laguna Zancudococha, military trail, [0°35'16''S,75°28'16''W], 220 m, (Aldaz, R.), 9-13 Jul 2017, 1 ♀ [FLMNH-MGCL-288649], ( FLMNH), 1 ♀, (INABIO); lower Río Yasuní, 'Hito 187' trail, [1°1'12''S,75°26'18''W], 170 m, (Willmott, K. R., J. I. R., J. C. R.), 19 Jul 2015, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-209633], ( FLMNH); Parque Nacional Yasuní, 10 km E Guardianía Pindo, [0°43'6''S,76°39'8''W], 330 m, (Hall, J. P. W., Willmott, K. R., J. C. R., J. I. R), 21,22 Jul 2016, 1 ♀ [FLMNH-MGCL-209817], ( FLMNH), (INABIO); Río Aguarico, Zancudococha, [0°34'23''S,75°26'13''W], 240 m, (Willmott, K. R., J. C. R., J. I. R., Aldaz, R.), 3,5- 8 Jul 2017, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-288646], ( FLMNH); Río Cocaya cabañas, [0°55'4''S,75°15'16''W], 190 m, (Willmott, K.R., J.C. R, J.I.R.), 15 Jul 2017, 1 ♀, (INABIO), (Willmott, K.R., J.C. R, J.I.R., Aldaz, R.), 1 Jul 2017, 1 ♀, (INABIO); Río Manduro, Río Napo, Yarina, [0°28'14''S,76°50'W], 250 m, (Gallice, G.), 24 Sep 2010, 1 ♀ [FLMNH-MGCL-298035], ( FLMNH); Río Napo, Boca del Río Añangu, [0°31'43''S,76°23'41''W], 220-300 m, (Willmott, K. R.), 13 Nov 2005, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-111273], ( FLMNH), 14 Oct 2005, 1 ♀ [FLMNH-MGCL-111270], ( FLMNH), 15 Nov 2005, 1 ♀ [FLMNH-MGCL-111271; dissection, KW-14-029], ( FLMNH), 7 Dec 2005, 1 ♀ [FLMNH-MGCL-111272], ( FLMNH); Río Napo, Pañacocha, [0°26'11''S,76°4'W], 250 m, (Willmott, K. R., Hall, J. P. W.), 15, 16,20 Oct 1997, ( FLMNH); Río Napo, Sacha Lodge, [0°28'14''S,76°27'33''w], 240 m, (Gallice, G.), 20 Oct 2010, 1 ♁, ( FLMNH); Río Tiputini, Estación Científica Yasuní, parcela 50 Ha, [0°40' 55''S,76°24'1''W], 250-270 m, (B.K., T.L.S.), 2003Sep 20- Oct 4, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-298029], ( FLMNH); Río Tiputini, Tiputini Biodiversity Station, [0°42'12''S,76°0'30''W], 300 m, (Melo, P.), May-Aug 2002, 4 ♁, ( FLMNH); Río Tiputini, vía Auca, Estación Científica Yasuní, [0°40'27''S,76°23'49''W], 220-250 m, (Gallice,G.), 23 Jul 2009, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-152464], ( FLMNH), 28 Nov 2010, 1 ♁, ( FLMNH), (Willmott, K. R., J. I. R., J. C. R.), 6 Jul 2014, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-195166], 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-195167], 1 ♀ [FLMNH-MGCL-195165], ( FLMNH), 8 Jul 2014, 1 ♁, 1 ♀, (INABIO); Río Tiputini, vía Auca, Estación Científica Yasuní, [0°40'27''S,76°23'49''W], 229 m, (Majerus, M.), 2 Mar 2007, 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1499291], ( NHMUK); Río Tiputini, vía Auca, Estación Científica Yasuní, [0°40'27''S,76°23'49''W], 250 m, (Lamas, G.), 2 Dec 2004, 1 ♁ [MUSM-LEP-103431], ( MUSM), 23 Nov 2005, 1 ♁ [MUSM-LEP-103429], ( MUSM), 25 Nov 2005, 1 ♁ [MUSM-LEP-103430], ( MUSM), 4 Dec 2004, 1 ♀ [MUSM-LEP-103475], ( MUSM); Shiripuno Lodge, [1°6'17''S,76°43'54''W], 250 m, (Hall, J. P. W., Willmott, K. R., J. C. R., J. I. R.), 7 -11 Aug 2018, (INABIO); Shiripuno Lodge, Mirador trail, [1°4'50''S,76°44'42''W], 350 m, (Hall, J. P. W., Willmott, K. R., J. C. R., J. I. R.), 8,9, 11 Aug 2018, (INABIO); Pastaza: Yutsuntsa, [2°21'4''S,76°27'14''W], 250 m, (Nakahara, S.), 12 Jul 2014, 1 ♀, ( FLMNH); Sucumbíos: Cuyabeno, Reserva de Producción Faunística, [0°0'4''S,76°10'50''W], 230 m, (Kareofelas, G., Witham, C. W.), 20 Nov-12 Dec 1993, 1 ♀, ( BME). PERU: Loreto: ‘Cavallo Cocha’ [= Caballococha], [3°55'S,70°31'W], 90 m, (Mathan, M. de), May-Jul 1884, 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1668528], ( NHMUK); Arcadia, [0°59'22''S,75°18'33''W], 150 m, (Lamas, G.), 3 Nov 1993, 1 ♀ [MUSM-LEP-103481], ( MUSM), 6 Nov 1993, 1 ♀ [MUSM-LEP-103480], ( MUSM), (Robbins, R. K.), 5 Nov 1993, 1 ♀ [MUSM-LEP-103479], ( MUSM); Camp II, Alto río Contaya, [7°16'S,74°42'W], 250 m, (Ramírez, J. J.), 24 Oct 2004, 1 ♁ [MUSM-LEP-103468], ( MUSM); Castaña, [0°48'S,75°14'W], 150 m, (Robbins, R. K.), 21 Oct 1993, 1 ♀ [MUSM-LEP-103478], ( MUSM); El Milagro, [3°56'S,73°22'W], 144 m, (Lamas, G.), 3 Aug 2014, 1 ♀ [MUSM-LEP-103494], ( MUSM); Explornapo-ACEER, [3°14'S,72°55'W], 140 m, (Caldas, A.), 11 Sep 1995, 1 ♁ [MUSM-LEP-103455], 1 ♀ [MUSM-LEP-103487], ( MUSM), 13 Sep 1995, 1 ♁ [MUSM-LEP-103460], ( MUSM), 19 Sep 1995, 1 ♁ [MUSM-LEP-103457], ( MUSM), 22 Sep 1995, 1 ♀ [MUSM-LEP-103483], ( MUSM), 6 Sep 1995, 1 ♁ [MUSM-LEP-103451], ( MUSM), 7 Sep 1995, 1 ♁ [MUSM-LEP-103452], ( MUSM), 8 Sep 1995, 1 ♀ [MUSM-LEP-103486], ( MUSM), (Grados, J.), 13 september 1995, 1 ♁ [MUSM-LEP-103456], ( MUSM), 7 Sep 1995, 1 ♀ [MUSM-LEP-103484], ( MUSM), (Harvey, D. J.), 22 Sep 1995, 1 ♀ [MUSM-LEP-103485], ( MUSM), 6 Sep 1995, 1 ♁ [MUSM-LEP-103459], ( MUSM), (Lamas, G.), 10 Sep 1995, 1 ♁ [MUSM-LEP-103445], ( MUSM), 11 Sep 1995, 1 ♁ [MUSM-LEP-103444], ( MUSM), 16 Sep 1995, 1 ♁ [MUSM-LEP-103449], ( MUSM), 17 Sep 1995, 1 ♁ [MUSM-LEP-103442], 1 ♀ [ MUSM-LEP-103482], ( MUSM), 5 Sep 1995, 1 ♁ [ MUSM-LEP-103458], ( MUSM), 6 Sep 1995, 1 ♁ [ MUSM-LEP-103447], ( MUSM), 7 Sep 1995, 1 ♁ [ MUSM-LEP-103450], ( MUSM), (Robbins, R. K.), 10 Sep 1995, 1 ♁ [ MUSM-LEP-103443], ( MUSM), 12 Sep 1995, 1 ♁ [ MUSM-LEP-103448], ( MUSM), 16 Sep 1995, 1 ♁ [ MUSM-LEP-103453], ( MUSM), 19 Sep 1995, 1 ♁ [ MUSM-LEP-103454], ( MUSM), 9 Sep 1995, 1 ♁ [ MUSM-LEP-103446], ( MUSM); Iquitos, [3°43'S,73°17' W], 120 m, (Klug, G. G.), Nov 1937, 1 ♀ [ MUSM-LEP-103476], ( MUSM); Iquitos, [3°45'S,73°15'W], 100 m, Mar 1992, 1 ♁ [ FLMNH-MGCL-266246], ( FLMNH), Feb 1992, 1 ♁ [ FLMNH-MGCL-266240], ( FLMNH), Jul 1988, 1 ♁ [ FLMNH-MGCL-266243], ( FLMNH), Mar 1989, 1 ♀ [ FLMNH-MGCL-266242], ( FLMNH), Oct 1991, 1 ♁ [ FLMNH-MGCL-266247], ( FLMNH), (Klug, G. G.), Jan 1932, 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1499293], 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1499294], 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1499295], ( NHMUK), Jul 1932, 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1499299], ( NHMUK), (Simon, M. J.), Feb 1990, 1 ♁ [ FLMNH-MGCL-266244], 1 ♁ [ FLMNH-MGCL-266245], ( FLMNH), (Whitely, H.), 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1668530], ( NHMUK); Iquitos, San Roque, [3°48'S,73°20'W], (Le Moult, E.), 1 ♁ [ FLMNH-MGCL-266238], ( FLMNH); Lower Río Ucayali, Río Pacaya, Aug-Sep 1912, 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1668531], ( NHMUK); near Yurimaguas, 'Chambireyacu' [=Río Chambirayacu], [4°32'S,74°46' W], 100 m, (Mathan, M. de), Jun-Aug 1885, 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1668523], 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1668524], 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1668525], ( NHMUK); Pebas, [3°19'S,71°51'W], 120 m, (Hauxwell, J.), 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1266953], 1 ♁ [' Type H.T.'//'♁'//'Type'//'Godman-Salvin Coll. 1904-1. Euptychia tricolor, Hew.'//' B.M. TYPE No. Rh3184 Euptychia fulgora, ♁ Butl.' //' Pebas, E. Peru. J. Hauxwell.'//' Type. Sgs[?]'], 1 ♀ [ BMNH ( E)-786073; Godman-Salvin Coll. 1904:1. Euptychia agatha Butl.// Type of Species//Pebas, E. Peru. J. Hauxwell/// BMNH ( E) #786073// Type // ♀], ( NHMUK), (Mathan, M. de), Dec 1879 - Mar 1880, 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1668529], ( NHMUK), (Mathan, M. de.), Dec 1906, 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1499297], 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1499298], ( NHMUK), Nov 1906, 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1499296], ( NHMUK); Quebrada Tunuya, Trocha IV, [7°46'S,74°41'W], 150 m, (Ramírez, J. J.), 13 Jul 2005, 1 ♀ [ MUSM-LEP-103493], ( MUSM); Río Aguas Negras, [0°31'24''S,75°15'24''W], 150 m, (Lamas, G.), 1 Mar 1994, 1 ♁ [ MUSM-LEP-103441], ( MUSM), (Robbins, R. K.), 3 Mar 1994, 1 ♁ [ MUSM-LEP-103439], 1 ♁ [ MUSM-LEP-103440], ( MUSM); Río Ampiyacu, [3°19'S,71°51'W], 120 m, (Simon, M. J.), 13 Nov 1971, 1 ♁ [ FLMNH-MGCL-266237], ( FLMNH); Río Nanay, Mishana, Estación Biológica Callicebus, [3°54'S,73°29'W], 150 m, (Lamas, G.), 10 Jan 1980, 1 ♁ [ MUSM-LEP-103437], ( MUSM), 16 Jan 1980, 1 ♁ [ MUSM-LEP-103435], 1 ♁ [ MUSM-LEP-103438], ( MUSM), 17 Jan 1980, 1 ♁ [ MUSM-LEP-103436], ( MUSM); Río Tigre, San Jacinto, [2°19'S,75°52'W], 200 m, (Debinski, D.), 17 Apr 1993, 1 ♁ [ MUSM-LEP-103433], ( MUSM); Sarameriza, [4°34'S,77°25'W], 170 m, (Mallet, J., Eeley, H.), 8 Jun 1986, 1 ♁ [ MUSM-LEP-103434], 1 ♀ [ MUSM-LEP-103477], ( MUSM); Trompeteros, [3°16'6''S,75°36'51''W], 174 m, (Carranza, C.), 11 Sep 2008, 1 ♁ [ MUSM-LEP-103467], 1 ♀ [ MUSM-LEP-103492], ( MUSM); Trompeteros, [3°16'6''S,75°36'51''W], 186 m, (Carranza, C.), 7 Sep 2008, 1 ♀ [ MUSM-LEP-103491], ( MUSM); Yahuas territory, [3°21'S,71°59'W], 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1668532], ( NHMUK); Zona Reservada Allpahuayo-Mishana, [3°57'30''S,73°25'30''W], 170 m, (Campos, L.), 1 Mar 2002, 1 ♁ [ MUSM-LEP-103466], ( MUSM), 12 Dec 2001, 1 ♁ [ MUSM-LEP-103462], ( MUSM), (Ramírez, J. J.), 1 Dec 2001, 1 ♁ [ MUSM-LEP-103464], ( MUSM), 18 Nov 2001, 1 ♀ [ MUSM-LEP-103488], 1 ♀ [ MUSM-LEP-103490], ( MUSM), 21 Nov 2001, 1 ♁ [ MUSM-LEP-103461], ( MUSM), 22 Nov 2001, 1 ♀ [ MUSM-LEP-103489], ( MUSM), 5 Dec 2001, 1 ♁ [ MUSM-LEP-103465], ( MUSM), 7 Dec 2001, 1 ♁ [ MUSM-LEP-103463], ( MUSM); Madre de Dios: Boca Río La Torre, [12°50'S,69°17'W], 300 m, (Lamas, G.), 16 Oct 1985, 1 ♀ [ MUSM-LEP-103495], ( MUSM), 18 Jul 1980, 1 ♁ [ MUSM-LEP-103472], ( MUSM), 22 Jul 1980, 1 ♁ [ MUSM-LEP-103470], ( MUSM), 26 Sep 1981, 1 ♁ [ MUSM-LEP-103471], ( MUSM), 5 May 1984, 1 ♁ [ MUSM-LEP-103469], ( MUSM); Reserva de Tambopata [= Explorer's Inn], [12°50'S,69°17'W], 250 m, (Mielke, O. H. H.), 29 Oct 1991, 1 ♁, ( DZUP); Reservade Tambopata [= Explorer's Inn], [12°50'S,69°17'W], 290 m, (Fratello, S.), Jan 1995, 1 ♀ [ MUSM-LEP-103496], ( MUSM); Pasco: Palcazu, B. P. San MatiasSan Carlos, [10°6' 48''S,75°9'31''W], 470 m, (Cerdeña, J.), 1-4 Sep 2014, 1 ♀ [ MUSM-LEP-103497], ( MUSM); San Martín: Pongo del Cainarache, [6°19'S,76°17'W], 350 m, (Lamas, G.), 12 May 1979, 1 ♁ [ MUSM-LEP-103432], ( MUSM); Río Paranapura, Chambira, [5°54'S,76°14'W], 120 m, (Razzeto, O.), 1 ♁ [ MUSM-LEP-103473], ( MUSM); Not located: [Húanuco, La Libertad, Cajamarca, Amazonas and Loreto], Río Marañón, 1913, 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)- 1668526], 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1668527], ( NHMUK); ‘Peru’, 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1668533], 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1668534], ( NHMUK), (Bassler, H.), 1 ♁ [ FLMNHMGCL-266241; Northeastern Peru F6186], ( FLMNH); Río Ucayali, 1918, 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1499292], ( NHMUK). VENEZUELA: Amazonas: CañoTchuri, 600 m, (Lichy, R.), 4 May 1950, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-266232], ( FLMNH); Caño Tchuri, 700 m, (Lichy, R.), 8 May 1950, 1 ♁ [FLMNH-MGCL-266231; CaÑo Chana, base of Marahuaka], ( FLMNH). Country unknown: Not located: 'Amazonas', 3 ♀, ( ZSM); no data, 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1499306], 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1499307], ( NHMUK), (Moss, A. M.), 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-1499321], 1 ♁ [ BMNH ( E)-525606], ( NHMUK)

Other records: BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: Valle de Sajta, Estación Pirahiba, [17°6'12''S,64°46'35''W], 350 m, (Carlos Pinto), 26 Sep-1 Oct 2005, 1 ♁/ ♀ [CBG - TABDP-], ( CBG) (Darwin Andean Butterfly Database of CBA), (Pinto C., Pacoricona M., Ayzama S. & Lemaitre A.), 26 Sep-1 Oct 2005, 5 ♁/ ♀ [CBG - TABDP-], ( CBG) (Darwin Andean Butterfly Database of CBA); La Paz: Crater de Iturralde, Pampa del Crater, [12°34'11''S,67°41'34''W], (Aliaga, W.), 26-28 Sep 2002, 1 ♁ [ MHNNKM-15910], (MHNNKM) (Darwin Andean Butterfly Database of MNHNNKM). BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: Alta Floresta, [9°33'20''S,55°55'17''W], (siddantas), 11 Apr 20194/11/2019, (photograph live specimen) (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/27804426). ECUADOR: Napo: km 14 Tena-Puyo rd., Apuya, [1°6'28''S,77°46' 49''W], 600 m, (Piñas, F.), 13 Dec 2006, 1 ♁/ ♀ [ FDPR-17500], ( FRPI) (Darwin Andean Butterfly Database of FRPI), (Willmott, K. R., Hall, J. P. W.), 12, 14,24 Feb 1995, (Willmott & Hall (unpublished data)); Orellana: Río Manduro, Río Napo, Yarina, [0°28'14''S,76°50'W], 300 m, (Willmott, K. R.), 23-24 Jul 1998, (Willmott & Hall (unpublished data)); Río Napo, Boca del Río Añangu, [0°31'43''S,76°23'41''W], 220-300 m, (Willmott, K. R.), 10 Dec 2005, 1 ♀, (sight record) (Willmott & Hall (unpublished data)), 16 Nov 2005, (sight record) (Willmott & Hall (unpublished data)); Río Napo, Río Yuturi, lodge trail, [0°32'53''S,76°2'W], 250 m, (Willmott, K. R.), 17-19 Oct 1997, (Willmott & Hall (unpublished data)); Río Napo, Río Yuturi, Río Manduro trail, [0°33'29''S,76°2'39''W], 250 m, (Willmott, K. R.), 20 Nov 2003, (sight record) (Willmott & Hall (unpublished data)); Río Pañayacu, Laguna de Pañacocha, [0°23'53''S,76°7'40''W], 250 m, (Willmott, K. R., Hall, J. P. W.), 12-14 Oct 1997, (Willmott & Hall (unpublished data)); Río Tiputini, Estación Científica Yasuní, parcela 50 Ha, [0°40'55''S,76°24'1''W], 250-300 m, (Mena, S.), 2017, 2 ♁, 1 ♀, ( PUCE) (Checa, M. F. (Oct 2017, pers. comm. by email with photo to KRW)); Río Tiputini, Tiputini Biodiversity Station, [0°42'12''S,76°0'30''W], 300 m, (Willmott, K. R.), 10 Feb 2002, (sight record) (Willmott & Hall (unpublished data)), (Willmott, K. R., Hall, J. P. W.), Aug, (Willmott & Hall (unpublished data)); Río Tiputini, vía Auca, Estación Científica Yasuní, [0°40' 27''S,76°23'49''W], 220-250 m, (Willmott, K. R.), 17-18 Jul 1998, (Willmott & Hall (unpublished data)); Yasuní, Estación Científica, [0°40'27''S,76°23'49''W], 250 m, (Piñas, F.), 18 Feb 1996, 1 ♁/ ♀ [FDPR-17501], ( FRPI) (Darwin Andean Butterfly Database of FRPI). VENEZUELA: Amazonas: San Carlos de Río Negro-Solano km 1-12, [1°56'25''N,67°0' 38''W], 100 m, (Neild, A. F. E.), 5-17 Mar 1994, 2 ♁, ( ANNE) (Neild, A. (12 Aug 2020, pers. comm. to KRW by email with images)).

Figures

FIGURE 29 Trico tricolor comb.n. Locality records.