Dicepolia

Hayden, James E., 2009, Taxonomic revision of Neotropical Dicepolia Snellen (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), Zootaxa 2237, pp. 1-33 : 30-31

Key to Neotropical Dicepolia

1 Forewing ground color golden yellow, brassy, or brownish yellow; forewing length 5.0– 8.5mm; hindwing PM usually absent; bases of lamelliform structures on squared shoulders; female genitalia (where known) without colliculum spur and without appendices.................................................................................................................................. 2

- Forewing ground color no lighter than brownish orange or solid light brown; forewing length 6.0- 11mm, usually longer than 7.0mm; hindwing PM present or absent; lamelliform structures on either laterally sloping shoulders or slightly raised bumps; female genitalia (where known) with colliculum spur and 1–2 appendices ............................ 4

2 Frontoclypeal arch right-angled; foreleg femoral androconium absent; forewing lacking black scale-tooth on posterior margin; hindwing sometimes with trace of PM line; male vinculum medially concave; valve oblong with costal flutes; phallus with 1–1.5 spiral turns; female unknown ............................................................. D. venezolalis sp. n.

- Frontoclypeal arch acute; foreleg femoral androconium present; forewing with black scale-tooth on posterior margin; hindwing never with PM line; male vinculum medially concave; valve (nearly) circular without costal flutes; phallus with at least 2.5 turns........................................................................................................................................ 3

3 Forewings longer (6.6–8.4mm, mean 7.2mm) and only broad (length:width ratio 2.0–2.3); transverse lines rather diffuse; labial palpi 1.5-1.9mm; hindwing M2, M3 not stalked; costa of valve smoothly arched; gnathos arms meeting about 30-degree angle; cornutus long; cervix bursae greatly expanded ............................................ D. aerealis sp. n.

- Forewings shorter (5.1–7.2mm, mean 6.1mm) and broad- to narrow-winged (length:width ratio 1.8–2.8); transverse lines sharp; labial palpi 1.0- 1.6mm; hindwing M2+M3 stalked; costa of valve with distinctive low triangular flange; gnathos arms meeting in obtuse angle; cornutus short; cervix bursae long but not expanded; widespread .................. ............................................................................................................................................ D. rufitinctalis (Hampson)

4 Color partly or completely violet-red; phallus with 1 spiral turn; lower vinculum with medial third narrow and flat, lateral thirds (nearly) as long as medial third and bent in 45-degree angle ................................................................. 5

- Color reddish brown, orange-brown, or reddish-orange; phallus usually with at least 1.5 spiral turns; lower vinculum medially concave, flat, or convex, but not fitting the above description ..................................................................... 6

5 Median area of forewing pale yellow, contrasting with red-violet basal and postmedial areas; frontoclypeal arch at 45-degree angle; labial palpi twice length of eye; cornutus absent; ductus bursae beween ostium bursae and colliculum not long; spur of colliculum wide, from back of colliculum; appendix of ductus bursae greatly reduced, digitiform...................................................................................................................................................... D. bicolor sp. n.

- Median area of forewing concolorous with red-violet basal and postmedial areas; frontoclypeal arch obtuse; labial palpi average more than three times length of eye; cornutus present; ductus bursae beween ostium bursae and colliculum long; spur of colliculum small, from one corner; appendix of ductus bursae smaller than usual but not strongly reduced .............................................................................................................................................. D. artoides sp. n.

6 Color variable, but not exactly dark brown or dark reddish-orange; forewing usually long but as short as 7.2 mm in some specimens; male foreleg with tibial androconium; posterior fringe of forewing sometimes dark; hindwing PM absent (rarely a trace in Brazilian specimens); S8 posterior margin spinule long but not broad-based nor raised; colliculum spur long, extending far onto cervix bursae; corpus bursae with diffuse field of granules but not a discrete signum; widespread ............................................................................................................ D. roseobrunnea (Warren)

- Color specific for species (see below); forewing not shorter than 7.8mm; male foreleg without androconium; posterior margin of forewing concolorous with rest of wing; hindwing PM present; S8 posterior margin spinule either short or large, broad-based and raised; female genitalia not as above (known only for D. vaga ); known distribution restricted........................................................................................................................................................................ 7

7 Color chocolate brown, slightly diaphanous; frontoclypeal arch acute; labial palpi about twice length of eye; male S8 anterior edge emargination round, not broad; male A8 pleural androconium absent; lamelliform structures on raised bases; gnathos median element longer than arms; valve costal flutes absent; cornuti absent; female genitalia unknown; distributed along Amazon River and tributaries ......................................................... D. amazonalis sp. n.

- Color reddish or lighter; frontoclypeal arch obtuse; labial palpi nearly three times length of eye; male S8 anterior edge emargination rather triangular; male A8 pleural androconium present; lamelliform structures on sloping shoulders (nearly flush with plane of sternite); gnathos median element as long as arms; valve costal flutes present; cornutus/i present; distributed on periphery of Amazon Basin ............................................................................................ 8

8 Color reddish orange; PM lines visible on forewing underside; male S8 posterior margin nearly straight (in shallow V) with small spine; phallus with 2.5 turns, tightly twisted like spring, with single long cornutus; colliculum spur short; appendix of cervix bursae absent; appendix of corpus bursae globular and membranous; very long, smooth signum present but without field of granules ......................................................................................... D. vaga sp. n.

- Color warm brownish; PM lines absent from forewing underside; male S8 posterior margin medially emarginate (bent between lamelliform chaetae) with large, broad-based medial spine; phallus with 1.5 turns, more elongate, with many short cornuti; female unknown; known from montane southern Brazil........................ D. cuiabalis sp. n.