Cibyra ferruginosa Walker, 1856

Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R. & Koike, Ricardo M., 2025, Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina, Zootaxa 5709 (1), pp. 1-74 : 8-10

Cibyra ferruginosa Walker, 1856

Pl. 1 : Figs 1–4 , Pl. 10: Fig. 1 , Pl. 13: Fig. 1 , Pl. 14: Fig. 1 , Pl. 19: Fig. 1 , Pl. 23: Fig. 1 , Pl. 24: Fig. 1

Cibyra ferruginosa : Walker (1856: 1770), Brazil, coll. Steven; NHMUK (examined).— Kirby (1892: 938).— Viette (1949: 102).— Viette (1951b: 95); syn.: Cibyra dormita Schaus, 1901 .— Viette (1951c: 1277).— Grehan (2010: 45).— Mielke & Grehan (2012: 137); syn.: Cibyra dormita Schaus, 1901 .— Grehan (2012: 4, 23; figs (valva, venation)).— Mielke & Casagrande (2013: 84; figs 5 ( lectotype ♂), 6 ( lectotype ♂ of Cibyra dormita Schaus, 1901 ), 7a–b ( ♂ dorsal/ventral), 8a–b ( ♀ dorsal/ventral), 9 ( lectotype ♀ of Cibyra schausi ( Viette, 1952)) , 42 (phallus), 43 (foreleg), 44 (abdomen segment VIII), 45–47 ( ♀ gen.), text-fig. 1 (geographical distribution)); lectotype ♂: / ferruginosa / Brazil / Type/ Lectotype, Cibyra ferruginosa Walker, 1856 , C. Mielke & Casagrande det. 2013/; syn.: Cibyra dormita Schaus, 1901 , Paragorgopis schausi Viette, 1952 .— Grehan et al. (2023: 75); syn.: Cibyra dormita Schaus, 1901 , Cibyra schausi ( Viette, 1952) .

Cibyra ferruginea [ sic]: Kirby (1892: 866).

= Dalaca oreas Schaus (1892: 330) ; Brazil, [ Rio de Janeiro], Petropolis, Schaus leg.; coll. Schaus; [GP P. Viette no. 91527, type no. 18604]; USNM (examined); syn. n. — Bertkau (1893: 190).— Wagner & Pfitzner (1911: 14).— Pfitzner (1937: 1295).— Mielke & Grehan (2012: 137); lectotype ♀ ( Pl. 1 : Fig. 3 ): / Petropolis , Brazil / Cibyra oreas type Schaus/ Coll. Wm. Schaus/ Type n°. 18604 USNM/ Genitalia slide P. Viette USNM 91527/ Photograph on file USNM/ Photo, det. E. S. Nielsen 1984/.

= Cibyra dormita Schaus (1901: 77) , [ Brazil, Rio de Janeiro], Petrópolis ; [coll. Schaus]; [type no. 18602]; USNM (examined).— Viette (1950a: 75; fig. 1 ♂ gen.), cited as Aepytus exclamans (Herrich-Schäffer, [1855]) , see Viette (1951b: 95).— Viette (1951b: 95; fig. 2 ([ syn-]type ♂ gen.)); as synonym of Cibyra ferruginosa Walker, 1856 .— Mielke & Grehan (2012: 137); as synonym of Cibyra ferruginosa Walker, 1856 .— Mielke & Casagrande (2013: 85); as synonym of Cibyra ferruginosa Walker, 1856 ; lectotype ♂: / Dalaca dormita Schaus Type/ Petropolis , Brazil / Type No. 18602 U.S. N.M/ Photo det. E. S. Nielsen 1984/ Collection WM Schaus/ Lectotype, Dalaca dormita Schaus, 1901 , C. Mielke & Casagrande det. 2013/.— Grehan et al. (2023: 75); as synonym of Cibyra ferruginosa Walker, 1856 .

Aepytus oreas : Schaus (1929: 56).

Hepialus (Cibyra) dormita : Pfitzner (1937: 1293).

= Paragorgopis schausi Viette (1952: 142 ; fig. 3 ( ♀ gen.)); holotype ♀, Brazil, São Paulo, Araras, J. G. Foetterle [leg.]; GP P. Viette no. 2260; NHMW (examined) [ Holotype ♀ with the following labels: / São Paulo, Araras , coll. J.G.Fötterle / TYPE/ Paragorgopis schausi , n. sp., Type ♀ P. Viette / P. Viette gen. ♀ n°. 2260/.]

Aepytus (Cibyra) dormita : Nielsen & Robinson (1983: 20); as synonym of Aepytus (Cibyra) ferruginosa ( Walker, 1856) .— Robinson & Nielsen (1984: 17); as synonym of Aepytus (Cibyra) ferruginosa ( Walker, 1856) .

Aepytus (Cibyra) ferruginosa : Nielsen & Robinson (1983: 20); syn.: Aepytus (Cibyra) dormita ( Schaus, 1901) .— Robinson & Nielsen (1984: 17); syn.: Aepytus (Cibyra) dormita ( Schaus, 1901) .

Aepytus (Paragorgopis) schausi : Nielsen & Robinson (1983: 19).— Robinson & Nielsen (1984: 17).

Aepytus (Paragorgopis) oreas : Nielsen & Robinson (1983: 19).— Robinson & Nielsen (1984: 17).

Cibyra (Cibyra) dormita : Nielsen et al. (2000: 843); as synonym of Cibyra (Cibyra) ferruginosa Walker, 1856 .

Cibyra (Cibyra) ferruginosa : Nielsen et al. (2000: 843); syn.: Cibyra (Cibyra) dormita Schaus, 1901 .— Grehan (2010: 51; fig. c, appendix).

Cibyra (Paragorgopis) schausi : Nielsen et al. (2000: 842).

Cibyra (Paragorgopis) oreas : Nielsen et al. (2000: 842).

Vietteogorgopis schausi : Özdikmen (2007: 117).— Koçak & Koçak (2008: 31).

Vietteogorgopis oreas : Özdikmen (2007: 117).

Cibyra schausi : Mielke & Grehan (2012: 137).— Mielke & Casagrande (2013: 85); syn.: as synonym of Cibyra ferruginosa Walker, 1856 .— Grehan et al. (2023: 75); as synonym of Cibyra ferruginosa Walker, 1856 .

Cibyra feruginosa [ sic]: Grehan (2012: 26; fig. (sternum II)).

Cibyra oreas : Mielke & Grehan (2012: 137).

Cibyra ferrugisona [ sic]: Favretto (2016: 72).

Diagnosis. Cibyra ferruginosa shares the same habitus as the other two species of the ferruginosa species-group. Compared to C. meridionalis ( Pl. 1 : Figs 9–12 ), the presence of an epiphysis in C. ferruginosa is the easiest way to separate them, although C. ferruginosa is usually represented by larger specimens on average ( Pl. 1 : Figs 1–4 ). The third member, C. ochracea ( Pl. 1 : Figs 5–8 ), bears an epiphysis and is represented by the same size range as C. ferruginosa , but the everted phallus separates the two species: in C. ochracea (Pl. 19: Fig. 2 ) the phallus is enlarged, distally forming a conical, dorsally oriented process, while in C. ferruginosa (Pl. 19: Fig. 1 ) it is enlarged and posteriorly ovoid, with a tapered latero-ventral diverticulum to the left. While sterna VII and VIII in C. meridionalis and C. ochracea females have a similar length, sternum VII in C. ferruginosa is twice as long as sternum VIII (Pl. 13: Figs 1–3 ).

Examined material (in total 29 ♂ 6 ♀). Brazil. Material listed by Mielke & Casagrande (2013): 16 ♂ 2 ♀ (including all primary types). Espírito Santo . Dores do Rio Preto, 1420 m: 2 ♂, 21–22.I.2006, C. Mielke & E. Joerke leg. (CGCM 32.360, 33.377; CGCM). Minas Gerais. Alto Caparaó, 1200 m: 2 ♂, 10–12.III.2001, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 43.226, 44.646; CGCM). Rio de Janeiro. Nova Friburgo, Mury, 1149 m: 4 ♂ 1 ♀, 25.I.1999, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 40.103, 40.225, 40.233, 40.273, 40.363; CGCM); 1 ♂, 19–21.IV.1988, C. Mielke & E. Joerke leg. (CGCM 35.939; CGCM); 1 ♂, 26.XII.1989, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 44.556; CGCM). Petrópolis : 1 ♀, Schaus leg. ( type no. 18604; USNM; LT of D. oreas ). Itatiaia , 800 m: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 4–8.II.1999, Tangerini leg. (CGCM 20.168, 41.048; CGCM). São Paulo. Piquete, Barreira de Piquete, 1464 m: 1 ♂, 12.I.2001, R, Koike leg. (CGCM 43.599; CGCM). Campos do Jordão, Lavrinhas, 1898 m: 1 ♂, 6.XII.1996, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 33.268; CGCM). Santo Antônio do Pinhal, Eugênio Lefèvre, 1200 m: 1 ♀, 3.III.1938, Travassos Filho (IOC 1792; CEIOC).

Male ( Pl. 1 : Figs 1–2 , Pl. 10: Fig 1 ). Forewing length: 16–22 mm, wingspan: 34–48 mm (see Mielke & Casagrande 2013).

Male genitalia (Pl. 14: Fig. 1 , Pl. 19: Fig. 1 ). For details, see Mielke & Casagrande (2013).

Female ( Pl. 1 : Figs 3–4 , Pl. 13: Fig. 1 ). Forewing length: 22–37 mm, wingspan: 43–68 mm (see Mielke & Casagrande 2013).

Female genitalia ( Pl. 23: Fig. 1 , Pl. 24: Fig. 1 ). For details, see Mielke & Casagrande (2013: Figs 46–47).

Distribution. Espírito Santo to eastern São Paulo , southeastern Brazil, at altitudes between about 800 and 1900 m (Pl. 25: Fig. 1 ).

Remarks. Dalaca oreas syn. n. is synonymized under C. ferruginosa after examination of the lectotype. Despite the smaller and faded female specimen, the genitalia and the sternite VIII of the lectotype conform exactly as for C. ferruginosa . The highly variable wingspan in the ferruginosa species-group was previously verified in C. meridionalis by Mielke & Casagrande (2013) and in C. ochracea by Mielke (2014), so the same condition, mentioned in the remarks section for the genus, is expected in C. ferruginosa . It is a montane species, mostly on wing from mid-summer to early autumn, occurring in dense ombrophilous and semi-deciduous forests. This species is allopatric to the other members of the species-group.

Figures

PLATE 1. FIGURES 1−12. Cibyra spp. of ferruginosa species-group. Adults (dorsal): 1 (CGCM 33.377), 2 (CGCM 35.939), 3 (type no. 18604), 4 (CGCM 10.168), 5 (CGCM 27.547), 6 (CGCM 26.691), 7 (CGCM 23.321), 8 (CGCM 30.335), 9 (CGCM 30.343), 10 (CGCM 23.937), 11 (CGCM 42.000), 12 (CGCM 29.967). Depositories of the specimens: 1–2, 4–12 in CGCM; 3 in USNM.