Grapsus pictus Latreille, 1803

Ng, Ngan Kee, Rodríguez Moreno, Paula A., Naruse, Tohru, Guinot, Danièle & Mollaret, Noémy, 2019, Annotated type-catalogue of Brachyura (Crustacea, Decapoda) of the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Part II. Gecarcinidae and Grapsidae (Thoracotremata, Grapsoidea), with an Appendix of pre- 1900 collectors, Zoosystema 41 (7), pp. 91-130 : 110

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.5252/zoosystema2019v41a7
publication LSID	urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:65E3A0BD-2AAD-4E12-9CB0-73C974BFCE65
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3729565
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scientific name	Grapsus pictus Latreille, 1803
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Grapsus pictus Latreille, 1803 View in CoL

( Fig. 5C View FIG )

Grapsus pictus Latreille, 1803: 69 View in CoL , pl. 47, fig. 2; 1806: 33. — Lamarck 1801: 150 (nomen nudum); 1818: 248.

CURRENT TAXONOMIC STATUS. — Junior subjective synonym of Grapsus grapsus ( Linnaeus, 1758) View in CoL (see A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier 1900: 111; Rathbun 1918: 227; Banerjee 1960: 153; Griffin 1973: 423; Ng et al. 2008: 216).

NEOTYPE (by present designation). — MNHN-IU-2000-3409 (= MNHN-B3409), mature ♀ 31.6 × 33.3 mm, Grapsus grapsus Linné (= Grapsus pictus Latr. ), attacked by bopyrids, Martinique, coll. M. Rivière. — Original label: “ Grapsus grapsus Linné (= Grapsus pictus Latr. ), attaqué par les Bopyres , Martinique, M. Rivière ”.

PRESERVATION. — Dry. All pereopods detached.

REMARKS

The specific name pictus was introduced by Lamarck (1801: 150) when he established the new generic name Grapsus (its etymology is related to the ancient Greek grapsaios that means “crab”) in indicating “ Grapsus pictus . n. Cancer grapsus . Lin. ”, i.e., Cancer grapsus of Linnaeus (1758). As a specific description is lacking and there is no mention of any material or locality, the specific name pictus of Lamarck (1801) is a nomen nudum. Later, Lamarck (1818: 248) provided a description and a geographical origin “mers de l’Amérique méridionale” (seas of South America), still considering it a nomen for Cancer grapsus , now Grapsus grapsus ( Linnaeus, 1758) . Meanwhile, based on the same material as Lamarck (1818), Latreille (1803: 69, pl. 47, fig. 2) used the name Grapsus pictus in giving a short diagnosis and a figure of a specimen from the “îles de l’Amérique méridionale” (islands of South America) that he likewise referred to as the Cancer grapsus of Linnaeus. Therefore, the authorship of G. pictus is not Lamarck (1801) but Latreille (1803). Note that in his list of genera with the indication of their type species, called ‘genotypes’ (“ Tableau des genres avec l’indication de l’espèce qui leur sert de type ”), Latreille (1810: 422) quoted Cancer grapsus as the type (onomatophore) of the genus Grapsus , and not G. pictus (see also H. Milne Edwards 1836 -1844: pl. 22). G. grapsus ( Linnaeus, 1758) is the type species of Grapsus by tautonomy ( Manning & Holthuis 1981; Ng et al. 2008).

Grapus pictus of Latreille (1803) was considered an available nomen by most authors ( Saussure 1853: 362; Alcock 1900: 392; A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier 1900: 111; Rathbun 1918: 227; Banerjee 1960: 153; Boyko 2000: 128; Ng et al. 2008: 216) who regarded the species as a junior subjective synonym of Grapsus grapsus View in CoL . Grapsus pictus View in CoL from Guam figured by Quoy & Gaimard (1824: 523, pl. 76, fig. 2) is Grapsus rudis H. Milne Edwards, 1837 View in CoL (see below under this name).

The MNHN collection contains a sample with two specimens: a preadult female 26.2 × 32.4 mm, MNHN-IU-2000-1101 (= MNHN-B3409); and a mature female 31.6 × 33.3 mm, MNHN-IU-2000-3409 (= MNHN-B3409), dry, labelled “ Grapsus grapsus Linné (= Grapsus pictus Latr. ), attaqué par les Bopyres, Martinique, M. Rivière” [this collector is unknown according to the available information and thus is not included in the Appendix]. These individuals are parasitised by bopyrids, the preadult female on both sides and the mature female on the right side.

In the handwritten Catalogues of Crustacea by Latreille (LC1807, LC1814), two specimens, a male and a female, are cited without locality, date or collector: there is no mention of bopyrids ( Fig. 1B View FIG ). The figure of Grapsus pictus in Latreille (1803 : pl. 47, fig. 2) does not show any deformation of the carapace by a parasite but such an unnatural shape was perhaps not taken into account by the drawer. Even if Latreille (1803) could have confused the preadult female with a male, we do not have enough objective proof to consider that these specimens belong to the type series of Grapsus pictus . Consequently, for clarification purposes the designation of a neotype is justified.

References

ALCOCK A. 1900. - Materials for a carcinological fauna of India. No. 6. The Brachyura Catometopa or Grapsoidea. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 67: 279 - 486. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15344

BANERJEE S. K. 1960. - The genera Grapsus, Geograpsus and Metopograpsus (Crustacea Brachyura), in Biological results of the Snellius expedition. XVIII. Temminckia 10: 132 - 199.

BOYKO C. B. 2000. - Type and other specimens of Crustacea (Arthropoda) described by de Saussure (1853) rediscovered in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 150: 125 - 133.

GRIFFIN D. J. G. 1973. - A revision of the two southern temperate shore crabs Leptograpsus variegatus (Fabricius) and Plagusia chabrus (Linnaeus) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Grapsidae). Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 3 (3): 415 - 440. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03036758.1973.10421866

LAMARCK J. B. P. A. 1801. - Systeme des Animaux sans vertebres, ou tableau general des classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaux; presentant leurs caracteres essentiels et leur distribution, d'apres la consideration de leurs rapports naturels et de leur organisation, et suivant l'arrangement etablis dans les galeries du Museum d'Hist. Naturelle, parmi leur depouilles conservees; precede du discours d'ouverture du cours de zoologie, donne dans le Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle l'an 8 de la Republique. Vol. 11. Deterville. Paris, viii + 432 p.

LAMARCK J. B. P. A. 1818. - Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres, presentant les caracteres generaux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leurs classes, leurs familles, leurs genres et la citation des principales especes qui s'y rapportent; precede d'une introduction offrant la determination des caracteres essentiels de l'animal, sa distinction du vegetal et des autres corps naturels, enfin l'exposition des principes fondamentaux de la Zoologie. Tome 5. [Arachnides, Crustaces, Annelides, Cirripedes]. 2 e ed. Bailliere, Paris, 612 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 63986

LATREILLE P. A. 1803. - Histoire naturelle, generale et particuliere, des Crustaces et des Insectes. Volume 6. F. Dufart, Paris, 391 p., 44 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15764

LATREILLE P. A. 1810. - Considerations generales sur l'Ordre naturel des Animaux composant les Classes des Crustaces, des Arachnides et des Insectes; avec un Tableau Methodique de leurs Genres, disposes en Familles. F. Schoell, Paris, 144 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 39620

LINNAEUS C. 1758. - Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Tomus I. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, [iv] + 824 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542

MANNING R. B. & HOLTHUIS L. B. 1981. - West African Brachyuran Crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 306: xii + 13 - 379 p.

MILNE EDWARDS H. 1836 - 1844. - Les Crustaces, in CUVIER G. (ed.), Le Regne Animal distribue d'apres son Organisation, pour servir de base a l'Histoire Naturelle des Animaux et d'Introduction a l'Anatomie Comparee. Edition accompagnee de Planches gravees […] par une Reunion des Disciples de Cuvier, […]. Fortin, Masson et Cie, Paris, vol. 17, 278 p.; vol. 18, Atlas, 80 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6255

NG P. K. L., GUINOT D. & DAVIE P. J. F. 2008. - Systema Brachyurorum: Part 1. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 17: 1 - 286. [updates at http: // rmbr. nus. edu. sg / research / cotw / supplement 17. php]

QUOY J. & GAIMARD J. P. 1824. - Zoologie, in FREYCINET M. L. de, Voyage autour du monde entrepris par ordre du Roi, […]. Execute sur les corvettes de S. M. l'Uranie et la Physicienne pendant les annees 1817, 1818, 1819 et 1820 […]. Zoologie. Pillet Aine, Paris, 712 p., 77 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 62491

RATHBUN M. J. 1918. - The grapsoid crabs of America. United States National Museum Bulletin 97: 14 - 61, pls 11 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1051

SAUSSURE H. DE 1853. - Description de quelques Crustaces nouveaux de la cote occidentale du Mexique. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, ser. 2, 5: 354 - 368, pls 12, 13.

Figures

FIG. 5. — A, Grapsus peroni H. Milne Edwards, 1853, MNHN-IU-2000-10934 (= MNHN-B10934), lectotype, ♂; B, Grapsus pharaonis H. Milne Edwards, 1853, MNHN-IU-2000-3439 (= MNHN-B3439),lectotype,♂; C, Grapsus pictus Latreille 1803,MNHN-IU-2000-3409 (= MNHN-B3409),neotype,♀; D, Grapsus plicatus H. Milne Edwards,1837,MNHN-IU-2000-3585 (= MNHN-B3585),lectotype,♀; E, Grapsus rudis H. Milne Edwards, 1837,MNHN-IU-2000-10875 (= MNHN-B10875), holotype, ♂; F, Grapsus webbi H. Milne Edwards, 1853, MNHN-IU-2000-3457 (= MNHN-B3457), lectotype, ♂. Scale bars: A, F, 2 cm; B, E, 5 cm; C, D, 10 mm.

FIG. 1. — A, First page of the handwritten “Catalogue of Articulated animals: Crustaceans, Arachnids, Insects, received, donated, exchanged or bought” (CAA), volume 1, with entries from 1826 to 1834; B, text of the page about Grapsus pictus Latreille, 1803 in the “Catalogue of Crustaceans, Arachnids and Insects ex- hibited in the gallery of the Muséum d’histoire naturelle de Paris” by P. A. Latreille 1814 (LC1814).