Philonthina
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.3755.1.3 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0486D86E-EEFF-453E-BD77-395094BED088 |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6140180 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF879C-FFAF-FFBD-FF37-FA6191A71384 |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Philonthina |
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Key to the New World genera of Philonthina View in CoL
1 Pronotum with anterolateral margins forming a distinct ridge above the superior marginal line of hypomeron ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 K) and hypomeron with additional oblique line connecting the superior and inferior lines ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 D); tarsi with segment 3 enclosing a rather minute segment 4 ( Fig. 6 View FIGURE 6 A)............................................................... Delgadobius
- Pronotum with anterolateral margins not forming a ridge above the superior marginal line of hypomeron ( Figs. 4 View FIGURE 4 E–J) and hypomeron with or without additional oblique line connecting the superior and inferior lines ( Figs. 4 View FIGURE 4 A, C); tarsi with segment 3 and 4 not distinctly different ( Figs. 6 View FIGURE 6 B–D, 7E–H)........................................................... 2
2 Head with ventral basal ridge strongly (to moderately) projecting anteriad ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 I); pronotal hypomeron with additional oblique line connecting the superior and inferior lines ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 C)............................... Holisus (Hyptiomina) View in CoL
- Head with ventral basal ridge extending more or less parallel to ventral portion of postoccipital suture ( Figs. 2 View FIGURE 2 A–H, J); hypomeron without additional oblique line connecting the superior and inferior lines ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 A)........................ 3
3 Front femur with medio-ventral process ( Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 A); front tibia abruptly dilated apically ( Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 B); hind tibia distinctly projected apically ( Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 H)......................................................................... Atopocentrum View in CoL * * based on two male specimens from the type series of Atopocentrum mirabile View in CoL ( Fig. 11 View FIGURE 11 A) and the original description ( Bernhauer 1906).
- Front femur, front and hind tibiae not as above..............................................................4
4 Antennae inserted at or below the anterior margin of frontoclypeus ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 E); abdomen conical (“petiolate” after Seevers 1965) ( Fig. 9 View FIGURE 9 A) or subconical ( Fig. 9 View FIGURE 9 B)......................................................................... 5
- Antennae inserted behind the anterior margin of frontoclypeus ( Figs. 3 View FIGURE 3 A–D); abdomen dorsoventrally flattened ( Fig. 9 View FIGURE 9 D) or
subcylindrical ( Fig. 9 View FIGURE 9 C).................................................................................7 5 Hind angles of head rounded to subangulate ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 E); front tarsi with tarsomeres I–IV more or less dorsoventrally flattened, not widened distally ( Figs. 7 View FIGURE 7 D, E); abdomen subconical ( Fig. 9 View FIGURE 9 B); habitus not myrmecoid ( Figs. 13 View FIGURE 13 D, G)............... 6
- Hind angles of head obsolete; front tarsi with tarsomeres I–IV not as above; abdomen conical ( Fig. 9 View FIGURE 9 A); habitus myrmecoid ( Fig. 11 View FIGURE 11 F).................................................................................. Ecitophytes View in CoL
6 Head about as wide as long with hind angles rounded, not extended beyond anterior margin of neck ( Fig. 13 View FIGURE 13 G); pronotum with anterior angles rounded and hypomeron slightly inflexed, visible in lateral view ( Fig. 5 View FIGURE 5 B)..................... Xenobius
- Head longer than wide with hind angles subangulate, extended beyond anterior margin of neck ( Figs. 3 View FIGURE 3 E, 13D); pronotum with anterior angles distinctly angulate and hypomeron fully inflexed, not visible in lateral view ( Fig. 5 View FIGURE 5 A).......... Proxenobius View in CoL
7 Antennae with pubescence starting on antennomere V, lacking on antennomeres I–IV (with only longer sparse setae) and segment I distinctly more than 1.5 times as wide as antennal segment II ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 A); sternopleural (anapleural) suture more or less curved so that medial part of suture is more longitudinal and lateral part more transverse ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 A); abdomen subcylindrical in lateral view ( Fig. 9 View FIGURE 9 C)............................................................................ Flohria View in CoL
- Antennae with pubescence starting on antennomere III or IV, lacking on antennomeres I–II or I–III (with only sparse longer setae) and segment I not more than 1.5 times as wide as antennal segment II ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 B–D); sternopleural (anapleural) suture transverse, or nearly transverse to distinctly oblique (medial end of suture anterior to its lateral end) ( Figs. 8 View FIGURE 8 B, C); abdomen flattened dorsoventrally in lateral view ( Fig. 9 View FIGURE 9 D).............................................................8
8 Front tarsi with segments I–IV more or less cylindrical with only regular, unmodified marginal setae on ventral surface..... 9
- Front tarsi with segments I–IV more or less flattened dorsoventrally and widened distally, with modified pale (adhesive) setae on ventral surface ( Figs. 6 View FIGURE 6 D, 7F, G)...................................................................... 20
9 Superior marginal line of hypomeron not distinctly deflexed under anterior angle of pronotum; lateral puncture of pronotum bearing long seta situated close to superior line or at a distance no more than three times the diameter of puncture ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 F)..................................................................................................... 10
- Superior marginal line of hypomeron distinctly deflexed under anterior angle of pronotum; lateral puncture of pronotum bearing long seta situated away from superior line at a distance at least three times as large as diameter of puncture ( Figs. 4 View FIGURE 4 G–I)..................................................................................................... 14
10 Last segment of labial palpus distinctly narrower than preceding segment; sternum 9 of male genital segment with basal portion not reduced, more or less symmetrical (except in the New World species G. brevipennis Horn ( Smetana 1995) View in CoL , G. argentinus (Bernhauer) View in CoL , G. jujuyensis (Bernhauer) View in CoL , and G. n i d i c o l a (Bernhauer) (Chani-Posse de Maus 2009))............. Gabrius View in CoL
- Last segment of labial palpus not distinctly narrower than preceding segment; sternum 9 of male genital segment with basal portion reduced, asymmetrical..........................................................................11
11 Elytra distinctly bicoloured, darker basally and testaceous distally ( Figs. 12 View FIGURE 12 C, D).................................. 12
- Elytra not bicoloured as above, usually unicolourous......................................................... 13
12 Labrum transverse; prosternum with distinct keel ( Fig. 5 View FIGURE 5 C); aedeagus with paramere completely fused to median lobe, reduced.......................................................................................... .. Leptopeltus View in CoL
- Labrum subconical; prosternum without keel ( Fig. 5 View FIGURE 5 D); aedeagus with paramere fused to median lobe only at base, elongate.......................................................................................... Leptopeltoides
13 Both neck and basisternum transversely carinate................................................. Pterygolaetus View in CoL * * based on a single specimen of Pterygolaetus williamsii (holotype, male) ( Fig. 13 View FIGURE 13 E) and the original description ( Bierig 1937).
- Neck and basisternum not as above.................................................................. Bisnius View in CoL
14 Antennal insertions closer to eyes than to anterior margin of frontoclypeus or at equal distance at most................. 15
- Antennal insertions closer to anterior margin of frontoclypeus than to eyes....................................... 16
15 Antennal insertions closer to eyes than to anterior margin of frontoclypeus, distance to frontoclypeus at least twice the distance to eye; labrum and frontoclypeus sexually dimorphic ( Fig. 11 View FIGURE 11 D)....................................... Chroaptomus View in CoL
- Antennal insertions at equal distance to both anterior margin of frontoclypeus and eyes; microsculpture of head sexually dimorphic ( Fig. 12 View FIGURE 12 E)............................................................................ Linoderus View in CoL
16 Antennae with pubescence starting on antennomere III, lacking on antennomere I and II (with only longer sparse setae) and segments IV–X distinctly constricted at middle; front tibia not spinose on lateral face ( Fig. 12 View FIGURE 12 I)............. .. Paederallus View in CoL
- Antennae with pubescence starting on antennomere IV, lacking on antennomere I –III (with only longer sparse setae) and segments IV–X not constricted at middle; front tibia spinose on lateral face.........................................17
17 Head and pronotum appearing dull due to distinct, dense and rugose sculpture ( Fig. 13 View FIGURE 13 F)................. .. Xanthodermus View in CoL
- Head and pronotum glossy, with sculpture less dense........................................................ 18
18 Head with interocular punctation extensive, with postmandibular ridge; last segment of both maxillary and labial palpi gradually narrowed to subacute apex ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 J); gular sutures not joined before neck and running close to the base....... Phileciton
- Head with few interocular punctures, usually not more than four, rarely with postmandibular ridge; last segment of both maxillary and labial palpi fusiform to subcylindrical ( Figs. 2 View FIGURE 2 B, D); gular sutures joined before neck....................... 19
19 Anterior angles of pronotum not or slightly produced beyond (anteriad of) anterior margin of prosternum ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 B); neck usually without transverse carina ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 D); abdominal tergites III to V with both anterior and posterior lines of transverse carina complete ( Fig. 10 View FIGURE 10 A); mesoventrite with sternopleural (anapleural) suture usually transverse, or nearly transverse (very slightly oblique) ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 B)............................................................................ Belonuchus View in CoL
- Anterior angles of pronotum distinctly produced beyond (anteriad of) anterior margin of prosternum ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 B); neck with transverse carina ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 C); abdominal tergites III to V with only anterior line of transverse carina complete; mesoventrite with sternopleural (anapleural) usually distinctly oblique (medial end of suture anterior to its lateral end) ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 C).............
......................................................................................... Paederomimus View in CoL 20 Superior marginal line of hypomeron not distinctly deflexed under anterior angle of pronotum; lateral puncture of pronotum bearing long seta situated close to superior line or at a distance no more than three times the diameter of puncture ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 E).................................................................................................... 21 - Superior marginal line of hypomeron distinctly deflexed under anterior angle of pronotum; lateral puncture of pronotum bearing long seta situated away from superior line at a distance at least three times as large as diameter of puncture ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 J)...23
21 Neck without dorsal basal ridge; last segment of labial palpus distinctly narrower than preceding segment....... Gabronthus View in CoL
- Neck with dorsal basal ridge; last segment of labial palpus not distinctly narrower than preceding segment..............22
22 Head with completely obliterated hind angles; last segment of both maxillary and labial palpi subulate………………. Rabigus View in CoL
- Head with hind angles variably shaped; last segment of both maxillary and labial palpi fusiform to gradually narrowed into acute or subacute apex, never subulate............................................................ .. Philonthus View in CoL
23 Antennal segment 1 distinctly longer than half of head length.................................................. 24
- Antennal segment 1 not longer than half of head length....................................................... 25
24 Antennal segment 1 with apical spine-like seta ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 F); elytra bicoloured, abdomen with distinct color pattern ( Fig. 12 View FIGURE 12 G); lateral tergal sclerites IX (styli) dorsoventrally flattened, distinctly dilated ( Fig. 10 View FIGURE 10 C)......................... Odontolinus View in CoL
- Antennal segment 1 without apical spine-like seta; elytra unicolorous, abdomen with apical segments testaceous, distinctly lighter than the preceding segments ( Fig. 12 View FIGURE 12 H); lateral tergal sclerites IX (styli) not as above.................. Ophionthus View in CoL
25 Anterior angles of pronotum distinctly produced beyond (anteriad of) anterior margin of prosternum; lateral tergal sclerites IX (styli) dorsoventrally flattened, slightly to distinctly dilated ( Figs. 10 View FIGURE 10 D, E)................................ Pescolinus View in CoL
- Anterior angles of pronotum not or slightly produced beyond (anteriad of) anterior margin of prosternum; lateral tergal sclerites IX (styli) not as above ( Fig. 10 View FIGURE 10 F).....................................................................26
26 Disc of mesoventrite situated distinctly more ventrally than median part (mesoventral part of mesocoxal acetabula) and mid coxae contiguous ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 E)...................................................................... Neobisnius View in CoL
- Disc of mesoventrite situated more or less in one plane with, or only slightly more ventrally than its median portion (mesoventral part of mesocoxal acetabula) and mid coxae more or less separated by elevated part of metaventrite ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 D)........27
27 Head with infraorbital ridge moderately long, extending some distance in front of the lateral bend of the postgenal ridge ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 H); front tibia not spinose on lateral face ( Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 F).................................................. Laetulonthus View in CoL
- Head with infraorbital ridge very short, becoming obsolete just in front of the lateral portion of the postgenal ridge ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 A); front tibia spinose on lateral face ( Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 G)................................................................ 28
28 Last segment of both maxillary and labial palpi subcylindrical ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 A); mesoventrite with intercoxal process truncate to subtruncate....................................................................................... Hesperus View in CoL
- Last segment of both maxillary and labial palpi rather fusiform, not subcylindrical; mesoventrite with intercoxal process either acute or rounded apically..............................................................................29
29 Mesoventrite with sternopleural (anapleural) suture distinctly oblique (medial end of suture anterior to its lateral end) and intercoxal process acute apically ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 D).............................................................. Cafius View in CoL
- Mesoventrite with sternopleural (anapleural) suture transverse, or nearly transverse (very slightly oblique) and mesoventrite with intercoxal process rounded apically............................................................... Remus View in CoL
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