Apocephalus analis

Brown, Brian V., 2014, Revision of the Apocephalus analis group of ant-decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae), Zootaxa 3857 (4), pp. 551-570 : 568-569

Key to Apocephalus analis group species (females only).

1. Anepisternum with pair of large setae ( Fig. 54)............................................. A. amenti new species

- Anepisternum without large setae......................................................................... 2

2 Venter of segment six with comblike row of closely-placed setae ( Figs. 10–12 )..................................... 3

- Venter of segment six lacking comblike row of setae.......................................................... 5

3. Hind tibia with two setal palisades ( Fig. 3 )............................................... A. bilineatus new species

- Hind tibia with one setal palisade......................................................................... 4

4. Segment six ventrally with hooklike spines, in addition to dense setae ( Fig. 11 )................... A. comatus Borgmeier

- Segment six ventrally with dense setae and few straight, long, thick setae (Fig. 112)............ A. rectilineatus new species

5. Venter of segment 6 with pair of short, thick, thornlike setae ( Figs. 14–16 )........................................ 6

- Venter of segment 6 lacking pair of short, thick, thornlike setae, but often with longer, thinner setae.................... 8

6. Thornlike setae close together, near midline ( Fig. 16 ).................................... A. paracanthus new species

- Thornlike setae farther apart ( Figs. 14, 15 ).................................................................. 7

7. Thornlike setae nearly in straight line with rectangular shiny area; with only short setulae along posterior margin of sternite 6 laterally....................................................................... A. euryacanthus new species

- Thornlike setae higher above shiny area ( Fig. 12 ); with longer setulae along posterior margin of sternite 6 laterally....................................................................................... A. mexacanthus new species

8. Abdominal segments 3–6 each with long ventral setae; posterior margin of segment 6 with one incomplete row of ventral setae ( Fig. 14 )........................................................................ A. criniventris new species

- Abdominal segments 3–5 lacking long setae, although shorter setae often present; posterior setation of venter of segment 6 var- ious ( Fig. 15 )......................................................................................... 9

9. Venter of segment six with patch of dark shiny sclerotization around bases of largest medial setae; ventral setae relatively short ( Figs 9, 13 )....................................................................... A. holdenae new species

- Venter of segment six without shiny sclerotization; length of setae various, often long.............................. 10

10. Medial pair of posterior row of setae on venter of segment 6 close together (as in Fig. 27 ); ventral apex of oviscape only slightly curved ventrally near apex (as in Fig. 53 )........................................................... 11

- Medial pair of setae separated by prominent gap relative to rest of row, or row widely spaced; ventral apex of oviscape in most species strongly and evenly curved ventrally ( Fig. 52 )........................................................ 13

11. Posterior row of setae on venter of segment six with medial pair slightly anterior to, and clearly shorter and smaller than, main row ( Fig. 28 )....................................................................... A. camarae new species

- Medial pair as large or larger than rest of row.............................................................. 12

12. Dorsal apex of oviscape flat ( Fig. 37 ); abdominal segment 6 lacking large lateral seta ( Figs. 37–38 ).................................................................................................. A. pittadearaujoi new species

- Dorsal apex of oviscape swollen relative to lateral areas ( Fig. 26 ); large lateral seta present on segment 6 ( Figs. 25, 27 )........................................................................................... A. analis Borgmeier

13. Oviscape with relatively short thick pair of posterolateral setae that are much thicker than posterolateral setae of dorsum of

segment 6; setae of posterior row of segment 6 also relatively short, thick (Figs. 23–24)............ A. amorimi new species - Oviscape with relatively longer, thinner pair of posterolateral setae; setae of posterior row of segment 6 relatively longer, thinner................................................................................................ 14

14. Posterior row of setae on venter of segment 6 evenly spaced; setae on venter of intersegment 6–7 nearly as large as those of posterior row of segment 6 (Figs. 20, 36).................................................................. 15

- Posterior row of setae on venter of segment 6 with pronounced gap; intersegmental setae, if present, at most one half length of posterior row........................................................................................ 16

15. Ventral apex of oviscape broad, only slightly downturned (as in Fig. 53 ); ventral setae of segment 6 brown, relatively thin, evenly spaced; oviscape with long lateral seta at midlength ( Figs. 35–36 ); dorsum of oviscape with pair of long setae at apical one third; anterior arms of stylet rounded, with medial projection ( Fig. 50 )........................ A. papei new species

- Ventral apex of oviscape evenly narrowed, pointed, strongly curved ventrally; venter of segment 6 with four thicker setae; oviscape without long lateral seta at midlength (Figs. 19–20); dorsum of oviscape with shorter setae at apical one third; anterior arms of stylet more parallel sided, with medial projection ( Fig. 44 )........................... A.amati new species

16. Dorsum of oviscape with pair of long dorsolateral setae at apical one third, plus smaller but still elongate setae to apex (Fig. 17)........................................................................ A. amacayacuensis new species

- Dorsum of oviscape with short dorsolateral seta only........................................................ 17

17. Posterior setae on venter of segment 6 with at least a few more anterior, smaller setae ( Figs. 34 , 39 ); medial gap large; oviscape strongly downturned at dorsal apex, appearing truncate....................................................... 18

- Posterior setae on venter of segment 6 in single row, without immediately more anterior, smaller setae ( Figs. 33 , 40, 41 ); oviscape straighter at dorsal apex, appearing broadly pointed..................................................... 19

18. Setae of posterior row relatively equal in size, with medial pair not greatly differentiated in thickness or length; medial gap extremely large; middle pair of more anterior setae not enlarged, not appearing to mirror middle pair of posterior row ( Fig. 39 )................................................................................. A. riccardae new species

- Setae of posterior row relatively unequal in size, with medial two pairs greatly longer and thicker than others (especially middle pair); medial gap more subtle; middle pair of more anterior setae enlarged, appearing to mirror middle pair of posterior row ( Fig. 34 ).......................................................................... A. marinhoi new species

19. Venter of segment 6 with posterior row of 10 setae ( Fig. 40 ); stylet with thin, bowed arms ( Fig. 51 ).................................................................................................... A. strazhnikae new species

- Posterior row with 6–8 setae; anterior arms of stylet thicker, not bowed.......................................... 20

20. Posterior row of setae on venter of segment 6 larger, thicker, about one half length of oviscape ( Figs. 41–42 )............................................................................................. A. xavierfilhoi new species

- Posterior row of setae on venter of segment 6 smaller, thinner, about one quarter length of oviscape ( Fig. 33 ).............................................................................................. A. gonzalezae new species

Figures

FIGURES 9 – 16. Female abdomens. 9 – 12. Ventral. 13 – 16. Posterior.

FIGURES 1 – 4. Apocephalus analis group. 1 – 2. Lateral habitus. 3. Frons, anterior, image digitally manipulated to enhance symmetry. 4. Hind leg, anterior. Abbreviations: dsa—dorsal supra-antennal setae; flg 1 — flagellomere 1; plp—palpus; vif—ventral interfrontal setae; vsa—ventral supra-antennal setae.

FIGURES 25 – 34. Female abdomens. 25, 32. Dorsal. 27, 29, 33, 34. Ventral. 31. Left lateral. 26, 30. Oviscape, dorsal.

FIGURES 52 – 53. Terminal segments of female abdomen, left lateral, photograph of cleared specimens.

FIGURES 35 – 42. Female abdomens. 35, 37. Dorsal. 36, 38 – 41. Ventral. 42. Left lateral.

FIGURES 43 – 51. Stylets, dorsal.