Endecous (Notendecous) potiguar, Ferreira, 2017

Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes, 2017, Two new species of cave crickets Endecous (Notoendecous) Gorochov, 2014 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae) from northeastern Brazil, Zootaxa 4318 (3), pp. 474-498 : 476-485

Endecous (Notendecous) potiguar n. sp.

( FIgs 2–18 , 21–31 , 34–35 , Table 1)

http://lsId.speCIesfIle.Org/urn:lsId: OrthOptera .speCIesfIle.Org:TaxOnName:498813

Material examined. Holotype ♂, COde ISLA 21026, BrazIl , RIO Grande dO NOrte State , munICIpalIty Of FelIpe Guerra, CarrapateIra Cave (05° 33' 38.22'' S; 37° 39' 50.32'' W), 09.vII.2015, D. M. BentO, leg. HOlOtype COndItIOn: head, rIght legs I, II, III, and rIght tegmen were detaChed, and maIntaIned In hOlOtype's tube. Paratypes, 10 ♂♂ (ISLA 21027; 21028; 21029; 21030; 21031; 21032; 21033; 21034; 21035; 21036) and 10 ♀♀, ISLA (21037; 21038; 21039; 21040; 21041; 21042; 21043; 21044; 21045; 21046), same data Of hOlOtype. Individuals examined, munICIpalIty Of FelIpe Guerra, AbIssal Cave (05° 33' 51.06'' S; 37° 39' 57.29'' W), 25.Iv.2007 , R. L. Ferreira, leg., 1 ♂ ( ISLA 21050); Felipe Guerra, Arapuá cave (05° 31' 48.25'' S; 37° 36' 58.47'' W), 03.viii.2010 , R. L. Ferreira, leg., 1 ♂ ( ISLA 21048); Felipe Guerra, Crotes cave (05° 33' 38.77'' S; 37° 39' 31.54'' W), 04.vi.2010 , R. L. Ferreira, leg., 1 ♂ ( ISLA 21047); Felipe Guerra, Catedral cave (05° 33' 50.49'' S; 37° 39' 57.37'' W); 14.ix.2008 , R. L. Ferreira, leg., 1 ♂ ( ISLA 21052); Felipe Guerra, Pau cave (05° 33' 45.43'' S; 37° 37' 15.92'' W), 08.i.2007 ; R. L. Ferreira, leg. 1 ♂ ( ISLA 21053); Felipe Guerra, Rainha cave (05° 34' 41.64'' S; 37° 38' 35.64'' W); 25.iv.2007 , R. L. Ferreira, leg., 1 ♂ ( ISLA 21051); Felipe Guerra, Trapiá cave (05° 33' 45.43'' S; 37° 37' 15.92'' W), 04.viii.2010 ; D. M. Bento, leg., 2 ♂♂ ( ISLA 21049; 21059); municipality of Governador Dix-Sept Rosado, Boniteza Cave (05° 30' 51.02'' S; 37° 33' 21.54'' W), 02.ii.2009, 20.vii.2010 , D. M. Bento, leg., 2 ♂♂ ( ISLA 21054; 21055); GOvernadOr DIx-Sept ROsadO, MarImbOndO CabOClO/ Água Cave (05° 29' 44.11'' S; 37° 32' 42.24'' W), 20.vII.2010 , D. M. Bento, leg., 1 ♂ ( ISLA 21056); municipality of Baraúna, Furna Feia cave (05o 02' 12.76' 'S; 37o 33' 36.64'' W); 25.iv.2007 , D. M. Bento, leg., 1 ♂ ( ISLA 21057); Baraúna, Furna Nova cave (05o 02' 03.21'' S; 37o 34' 16.04'' W); 12.vi.2008 , R. L. Ferreira, leg., 1 ♂; ( ISLA 21058); municipality of Apodi, Roncador cave (05° 35' 51.87'' S; 37° 49' 40.59'' W), 06.i.2007 , R. L. Ferreira, leg., 1 ♂ ( ISLA 21060); municipality of Mossoró, Trinta cave (05° 12' 44.36'' S; 37° 15' 50.95'' W), 10.vi.2010 , D. M. Bento, leg., 1 ♂ ( ISLA 21061).

Distribution. Caves In munICIpalItIes Of FelIpe Guerra, GOvernadOr DIx-Sept ROsadO, Baraúna, ApOdI and MOssOrÓ ( FIg.1 , B).

Etimology. SpeCIfIC epIthet “ potiguar ” refers tO a persOn whO was bOrn In RIO Grande dO NOrte State, BrazIl. The name Is tO be treated as a nOun In appOsItIOn.

Diagnosis. COmbInatIOn Of the fOllOwIng CharaCters: upper part Of the medIan Inner pOrtIOn Of pseudepIphallus (Ps.Im) wIth a small Curved expansIOn ( FIgs 2, 5 , green arrOw); pseudepIphallIC arm extremely elOngated ( FIgs 3, 5 , r.); pseudepIphallIC membranOus shIeld (Ps.ms) COverIng Only part Of eCtOphallIC apOdeme (ECt.Ap), ( FIgs 4, 6 , Ps.ms); Central part Of eCtOphallIC arC hOrIzOntally Curved In all Its extensIOn ( FIg. 3 , ECt.ArC).

Description, male holotype. Body color: dOrsal head, prOnOtum and rIght tegmen lIght brOwn ( FIgs 10–13 ), lIghter ventrally, abdOmen transluCent whItIsh yellOw ( FIgs 13–14 ), legs lIghter at the tIp ( FIgs 21–24 ), CerCI unIfOrmly whItIsh ( FIgs 14–16 ). Head: slIghtly pubesCent, lOnger (4.9mm) than wIde (3.6 mm) at frOntal vIew, vertex slIghtly marked wIth fOur strIpes nOt reaChIng OCCIput; gena, Clypeus and labrum whItIsh, mandIbles whItIsh, dark brOwn at bOrder and apex; fIrst twO maxIllary palpOmeres whItIsh, tOgether are smaller than the thIrd palpOmere, fOurth palpOmere as lOnger as thIrd, fIfth palpOmere slIghtly lOnger than fOurth, ClavIfOrm, arChed and darker at the tIp; seCOnd labIal palpOmere lOnger than the fIrst and smaller than the ClavIfOrm thIrd One, whICh has Inner sIde brIstles; sCape, pedICel and antennOmeres unIfOrmly whItIsh yellOw, darker tOward the antennal tIp; COmpOund eyes blaCk, OutlIned wIth whIte, and wIth a small dOrsal depIgmented spOt where sCape fIts; OCellI absent ( FIgs 9–10 ). Thorax. PrOnOtum pubesCent, lIght brOwn wIth darker OutlIne, dOrsal dIsC wIder than lOng, anterIOr and pOsterIOr margIns sub-straIght, wIth lOng brIstles, lateral lObe rOunded ( FIgs 11–13 ). Leg I ( FIgs 23–24 ): femur and tIbIa same sIze; tIbIa wIth an Oval audItOry tympanum at Inner sIde, armed wIth twO subequal ventrO apICal spurs; fIrst tarsOmere serrulated twICe lOnger than seCOnd and thIrd tOgether. Leg II: tIbIa wIth twO Inner and twO Outer apICal spurs, dOrsal smaller ( FIgs 23, 24 λ, µ). Leg III: femur dIlated; tIbIa serrulated, armed wIth three subapICal spurs On Inner ( FIgs 21, 22 α, β and γ) and fOur On Outer sIde ( FIgs 21, 22 w, x, y) the dIstal One the smaller ( FIgs 21, 22 z), and fOur apICal spurs at Inner ( FIgs 21, 22 d, e, f and g) and three at Outer sIde ( FIgs 21, 22 a, b, C), the Inner lOnger than Outer; fIrst tarsOmere twICe lOnger than seCOnd and thIrd tOgether, serrulated On dIstal half, wIth twO apICal spurs, the Inner lOnger ( FIgs 21, 22 δ, Θ); fIrst tarsOmere serrulated, twICe lOnger than seCOnd and thIrd tOgether, armed wIth small subapICal spurs and twO apICal spurs, Inner lOnger. Right tegmen sClerOtIzed, COverIng the fIrst three abdOmInal tergItes ( FIg. 13 ), mIrrOr rOunded wIth twO CrOss-veIn, and three Cells, Caudal Cell wIth twO slIghtly marked dIagOnal veIns; harp wIth three well marked CrOss-veIn, and fOur Cells, three Of them wIth pOOr marked dIagOnal veIns; lateral fIeld weakly marked by eleven Irregular aCCessOry veIns; basal fIeld wIth veIns 1A and 2A well-marked, last wIth twO seCOndary veIns COnneCted tO CU2, 3A veIn bIfurCated ( FIgs 12 , 17–18 ); strIdulatOry fIle wIth 71 teeth. Abdomen: CerCI slender, lOnger than femur III; supranal plate subtrIangular, base wIth lateral prOjeCtIOns, apex rOunded ( FIg. 14 ); subgenItal plate rOunded at apex ( FIgs 14, 15 ), wIth a slIghtly IndentatIOn.

Observations in Paratypes. Male phallic sclerites (paratype ISLA 21036, FIgs 2–8 ). PseudepIphallIC arm lOng ( FIg. 2 , Ps.Arm); pseudepIphallIC dOrsal branCh thIn, Curved Outward and slIghtly bended at tIp ( FIgs 2, 4–5 , Ps.db); pseudepIphallIC ventral branCh ( FIgs 3–5 , Ps.vb) flattened, and COnneCted tO pseudepIphallIC paramere (Ps.P) by membranes; pseudepIphallus Inner bars V-shaped ( FIg. 2 , Ps.Ib); pseudepIphallIC membranOus shIeld ( FIgs 3 –4,6, Ps.ms) prOtrude frOm bIfurCatIOn between ramI and pseudepIphallus Inner bars (Ps.ms); ramI well develOped tapered at the tIp ( FIgs 3, 5 , r.); pseudepIphallIC Inner prOjeCtIOnlOng and fOlded ( FIg. 2 , Ps.Im), Curved dIstally ( FIgs 2, 5 , green arrOw); pseudepIphallIC paramere 1 (PsP1) well sClerOtIzed, flattened, U-shaped In pOsterIOr vIew, bearIng a Inner shOrt seCOndary prOjeCtIOn ( FIgs 2, 4–5 , Ps.P, Ps.PI); PsP2 small, sClerOtIzed, Curved Inward and COnneCted tO pseudepIphallIC paramere 1 (PsP1) by membranOus ( FIgs 2, 5 ), bOth PsP1 and PsP2 fOrmIng an Oval struCture; eCtOphallIC sClerIte well sClerOtIzed, H-shaped, eCtOphallIC arC rather Curved dOrsally ( FIgs 2, 3 , ECt.ArC), eCtOphallIC medIan prOjeCtIOn ( FIg. 2 , ECt.mp) well develOped, flattened at the base, and tapered at the apex, alOng the medIan prOjeCtIOns a slIghtly sClerOtIzed plate Is prOjeCted laterally ( FIg. 2 , ECt.mp), at Inner faCe, eCtOphallIC medIan prOjeCtIOn are COnneCt tO membranes ( FIg. 2 , M.); eCtOphallIC lateral bar slIghtly sInuOus, shOrter than medIan prOjeCtIOns dO nOt reaChIng the pseudepIphallIC parameres ( FIg. 3 , ECt.lb); eCtOphallIC apOdeme well develOped, flattened and Curved dOrsally ( FIgs 2–3 , ECt.Ap); endOphallIC sClerIte apOdema (anterIOr pOrtIOn) ( FIgs 6–8 , End.SC.a) COnneCted by membranes tO a lOng sClerOtIzed duCt ( FIgs. 3, 6, 8 , End.SC.d) whICh tIp ( FIg. 3 , End.SC.P) lays alOng the eCtOphallIC medIan prOjeCtIOn, COnneCtIng tO membranes ( FIg. 2 , M.).

Variations in phallic sclerites (paratypes, n=9): phallIC COmplex wIth varIable sIze, prOpOrtIOn Of struCtures maIntaIned; dOrsal prOjeCtIOn Of pseudepIphallus (Ps.db) may be straIght Or slIghtly Curved externally, Its apex Is always prOjeCted Out Of the sClerIte; tOp Of the pseudepIphallIC InterIOr prOjeCtIOn (green arrOw In paratype, FIg. 2, 5 , Ps.Im) presents varIatIOn In the degree Of sClerOtIzatIOn; eCtOphallIC apOdeme (ECt.Ap) have a slIght dIlatatIOn In Its dIstal part.

Male right tegmen. StrIdulatOry fIle wIth 71 ± 6.8 (61–77, n=9); mirror: One Or twO small Cells wIthIn eaCh Caudal Cell; Caudal Cell may be hOrIzOntally flattened slIghtly surpassIng the superIOr Cell In wIdth ( FIg. 36 ); three tO fOur Cells present ( FIg. 39 ); harp: several pOOrly marked dIagOnal veIns may be present amOng Cells Or ramIfyIng the maIn CrOss-veIn ( FIgs 36, 38–39 ) (espeCIally In the apICal Cell, FIg. 37 ); fOur tO fIve well marked CrOss-veIn; basal field: One tO twO vertICal CrOss-veIns fOrmIng twO small Cells jOInted wIth CU2 ( FIg. 38 ); One small Cell may OCCur In the basal veIn 1A ( FIg. 36 ); veIn 3A may present Irregular branChes; lateral field: varIatIOn In the number Of pOOrly marked aCCessOry veIns (4, 5, 6 Or 8 veIns) ( FIgs 36–39 ).

Female: bOdy sIze prOpOrtIOnal tO the male (µ=19.550 ± 1.196mm; n=10); same COlOr and mOrphOlOgICal aspeCt than male; apterOus; supra-anal plate slIghtly elOngated whItIsh yellOw wIth sOme apICal seta and twO small lateral prOjeCtIOns ( FIg. 26 ); sub-genItal plate pale brOwn and shOrt wIth a slIght IndentatIOn ( FIg. 25 ); OvIpOsItOr elOngated swOrd-lIke wIth aCumInate apex (µ=10.328 ± 0.542) ( FIg. 27–31 ).

Male and Female measurments. Tab. 1.

Ecological remarks: Endecous (Notendecous) potiguar n. sp. Is wIdely dIstrIbuted In Caves lOCated In the western area Of the ApOdI speleOlOgICal grOup, State Of RIO Grande dO NOrte; the pOpulatIOns wIthIn the Caves are usually bIg, thOugh rarely OCCurrIng In hIgh densItIes In speCIfIC areas (e.g. near guanO pIles). IndIvIduals were Observed feedIng On a wIde varIety Of OrganIC Items, InCludIng bat guanO, dead anImal CarCass, vegetal debrIs and, In sOme Cases, seeds sprOuts that are CarrIed IntO the Caves by bats (espeCIally frOm “OItICICa trees” ChrysObalanaCeae : Licania rigida Benth ); the maIn predatOrs Of these CrICkets are amblypygIds ( Heterophrynus longicornis (Butler, 1873)) , whICh prey On adults, and smaller amblypygIds ( Charinus potiguar VasCOnCelOs, GIuppOnI & FerreIra. 2013), as well as spIders (e.g. Loxosceles and Sicarius spp.) whICh feed On nymphs.

AlthOugh we dId nOt Install any traps In the external envIrOnments, It Is plausIble tO assume that the maIn habItats Of the speCIes are Caves, espeCIally due tO the extreme COndItIOns OCCurrIng On the epIgean envIrOnments arOund the Cave entranCe (hIgh temperatures, lOw humIdIty and hIgh expOsItIOn tO sunlIght), espeCIally In the dry perIOds. DIspersIOn and mIgratIOn events may preferentIally OCCur durIng the raIny perIOds, Or even thrOugh subterranean spaCes, espeCIally COnsIderIng the wIde-ranged and COntInuOus lImestOne OutCrOps exIstIng In the area, that may Offer sub-superfICIal vOIds that allOw mOvements between Caves.

Figures

FIGURE 1. (A) Map of South America showing all type-localities of Endecous species: 1 — Endecous (Notendecous.) potiguar n. sp.; 2 — Endecous (Notendecous) bahiensis n. sp.; 3 — E. (N.) onthophagus; 4 — E. (N.) hubbelli; 5 — E. (E.) ubajarensis; 6 — E. (E.) arachnopsis *; 7 — E. (E.) peruassuensis; 8 — E. (E.) alejomesai; 9 — E. (E.) ferruginossus; 10 — E. (E.) cavernicolus; 11 — E. (E.) aguassay; 12 — E. (E.) itatibensis; 13 — E. (E.) abbreviatus; 14 — E. (E.) betariensis; 15 — E. (E.) naipi; 16 — E. (E.) chape; 17 — E. (E.) lizeri; 18 — E. (P.) apterus; (B) State of Rio Grande do Norte, carbonate group in dark brown, records of Endecous (Notendecous) potiguar n. sp. as green points; (C) State of Bahia, carbonate group in blue and formation in red, records of Endecous (Notendecous) bahiensis n. sp. as green points. (*) The locality of E. (E.) arachnopsis is uncertain and may be in the frontier between the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia, “ Sierra Geral ” (Saussure 1877 - 1878), or even in San Matias (Bolívia) according to Bruner (1916).

FIGURES 2 – 8. Endecous (Notendecous) potiguar n. sp. phallic sclerite of the paratype (ISLA 21036). 2 — vista dorsal (the red arrow indicates the recess in Ps. P and green arrow indicates the dilatation in Ps. im); 3 — vista ventral; 4 — vista diagonal; 5 — vista posterior (green arrow indicates a dilatation in Ps. im); 6 — vista lateral (yellow arrow indicates the apodema inEnd. Sc. a); 7 and 8 endophallic sclerite anterior portion in vista lateral and frontal, respectively. Conventions: Ps. arm, pseudepiphallic arm; Ps. db, pseudepiphallic dorsal branch; Ps. im, pseudepiphallic interior projection; Ps. ib, Pseudepiphallic sclerite inner bars; Ps. ms, pseudepiphallic membranous shield; Ps. vb, pseudepiphallic ventral branch; Ps. P 1, pseudepiphallic paramere 1; Ps. P 2, pseudepiphallic paramere 2; Ps. Pi, pseudepiphallic paramere interior projection; r., rami; Ect. Arc, ectophallic arc; Ect. lb, ectophallic lateral bar; Ect. mp, ectophallic median projection; Ect. Ap, ectophallic apodeme; End. Sc. a, endophallic sclerite anterior portion; End. Sc. d, endophallic sclerite duct; End. Sc. p, endophallic sclerite posterior portion; M., membranous portion.

FIGURES 9 – 16. Endecous (Notendecous) potiguar n. sp. Holotype morphology. 9 – 10 — head in front, lateral and superior view respectively; 11 — pronotum, dorsal view; 12 — tegmina, dorsal view; 13 — right tegmen and pronotum, lateral view; 14 — subgenital and supranal plate, phallic sclerite, in lateral view; 15 — subgenital plate, ventral view; 16 — supranal, dorsal view. Conventions: m., mirror; h., harp; b. f., basal field; l. f., lateral field.

FIGURES 17 – 20. Right tegmen of Endecous (Notendecous) dorsal view. 17 – 18 — Endecous (Notendecous) potiguar n. sp. 19 – 20 — Endecous (Notendecous) bahiensis n. sp. Conventions: m., mirror; h., harp; b. f., basal field; l. f., lateral field.

FIGURES 21 – 24. Endecous (Notendecous) potiguar n. sp. holotype legs morphology. 21 — right leg III, subapical and apical spurs, interior view; 22 — right leg III, subapical and apical spurs, outer view; 23 — leg I (exterior view) and leg II (inner view, little spur (λ) apex of the tibia); 24 — leg I (inner view and tympanum) and leg II (outer view, little spur (µ) apex of the tibia).

FIGURES 25 – 31. Endecous (Notendecous) potiguar n. sp. ♀ ISLA (21037). 25 — subgenital plate; 26 — supranal plate; 27 — ovipositor, ventral view; 28 — ovipositor, lateral view; 28, 29 and 30 — ovipositor apex, dorsal, lateral and ventral view, respectively.

FIGURES 32 – 35. Study area and habitats. 32 — Limestone outcrop belonging to the Apodi group in Felipe Guerra municipality. 33 — Rainha cave; 34 and 35 — adult ♀ and ♂ of Endecous (Notendecous) potiguar n. sp., respectively.

FIGURES 36 – 39. Right tegmen of Endecous (Notendecous) potiguar n. sp. highlighting main veins of the dorsal and lateral field. 36 — paratype (ISLA 21030); 37 — paratype (ISLA 21031); 38 — paratype (ISLA 21033) and 39 — paratype (ISLA 21034). Conventions: red—basal field; black—lateral field; yellow—mirror; green—harp; blue—lateral field; beside of the tegmen is the lateral field with the unmarked veins.