Sphecodes turanicus, Proshchalykin, 2017

Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu., 2017, The genus Sphecodes Latreille 1804 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae) in Central Asia, Zootaxa 4324 (2), pp. 249-284 : 277-279

Key to the Sphecodes species of the Central Asia

Additional included Sphecodes schwarzi AStafurova & ProShchalykin 2015 (known from Mongolia and Siberia), S. scabricollis WeSmael 1835 and S. hyalinatus HagenS 1882 (both are wideSpread in Palaearctic) becauSe the recordS of theSe SpecieS in Central ASia in the future are doubtleSS.

FemaleS

1. Preoccipital carina present along vertex only ( Fig. 70 ). F2 square, as long as wide, remaining flagellomeres distinctly longer than wide......................................................................... S. spinulosus Hagens

- Preoccipital carina not developed or present laterally behind eye only. F2 transverse, 0.5–0.7 times as long as wide, remaining flagellomeres square or slightly longer than wide........................................................... 2

2. Hind wing with basal (M) vein weakly curved ( Fig. 92 ); costal margin with 7–14 hamuli. Usually large species: total body length 6.0–15.0 mm.................................................................................. 3

- Hind wing with basal (M) vein strongly curved ( Fig. 91 ); costal margin with 5–6 hamuli. Large or small species: total body length 4.5–11.0 mm................................................................................. 14

3. Vertex less elevated (distance from top of head to upper margin of lateral ocellus less two lateral ocellar diameters as seen in frontal view), with longitudinal sharp carina ( Fig. 75 )....................................................... 4

- Vertex more elevated (distance from top of head to upper margin of lateral ocellus more two lateral ocellar diameters as seen in frontal view), acarinate, but sometimes with weak (indistinct) longitudinal ridge.................................. 6

4. Face and gena with sparse, semi-erect, gray pubescence not obscuring integument ( Fig. 60 ). Metasomal T1 with fine punctures (3–10 µm)........................................................................... S. cristatus Hagens

- Face and gena with dense, appressed, snow-white pubescence obscuring integument ( Fig. 65 ). Metasomal T1 with coarse punctures (10–30 µm)................................................................................ 5

5. Mesoscutum coarsely punctate (25–75 µm). Metasomal T2 with marginal zone impunctate. Larger: total body length 8.0–11.0 mm................................................................. S. olivieri Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau

- Mesoscutum relatively finely punctate (25–40 µm). Metasomal T2 with marginal zone distinctly punctate. Smaller: total body length 6.5–8.5 mm ................................................................. S. pectoralis Morawitz

6. Gena flat. Preoccipital lateral carina developed ( Fig. 71 )................................... S. scabricollis Wesmael

- Gena swollen. Preoccipital carina not developed............................................................ 7

7. Mesoscutum densely punctate, with punctures separated by less a puncture diameter ( Fig. 76 ).... S. albilabris (Fabricius)

- Mesoscutum sparsely punctate, medially with punctures separated by at least 2 puncture diameters................... 8

8. Vertex shorter, distance from top of head to upper margin of lateral ocellus about 2 lateral ocellar diameters as seen in dorsal view ( Fig. 72 ). Metasomal T4 with marginal zone punctate and smooth between punctures or finely tessellate without punctures. Sides of propodeum reticulate-rugose................................................................ 9

- Vertex longer, distance from top of head to upper margin of lateral ocellus equal to 2.5–3.0 lateral ocellar diameters as seen in dorsal view ( Fig. 74 ). Metasomal T4 with marginal zone impunctate, smooth (rarely indistinctly tessellate). Sides of propodeum strigae or reticulate-rugose....................................................................... 10

9. Metasomal T4 with marginal zone impunctate, finely tessellate (Fig. 83); T1 finely punctate (10–15 µm). Mesoscutum usually densely punctate, medially with punctures separated by not more than 1–3 puncture diameters, sometimes sparser.......................................................................................... S. reticulatus Thomson

- Metasomal T4 with marginal zone distinctly punctate, smooth between punctures (rarely indistinctly tessellate) (Fig. 82); T1 coarsely punctate (15–25 µm). Mesoscutum usually sparsely punctate, medially with punctures separated by mostly 2–4 puncture diameters........................................................................ S. alternatus Smith

10. Head rounded-rectangular on upper margin, square-shaped as seen in frontal view ( Fig. 64 ); vertex sparsely punctate, punctures mostly separated by more than а puncture diameter. Pygidial plate equal or slightly narrower than metabasitarsus. Metasomal T1 indistinctly punctate, with a few very fine punctures.............................. S. monilicornis (Kirby)

- Head uniformly rounded on upper margin, oval as seen in frontal view; vertex densely punctate, punctures mostly separated by less than a puncture diameter. Pygidial plate 0.5–0.6 times as wide as metabasitarsus. Metasomal T1 distinctly punctate, with fine and coarser punctures............................................................................ 11

11. Mesepisternum strigae or strigae-rugose at least ventrally, sides of propodeum strigae. Metasomal T3 with marginal zone coarsely punctate.................................................................................... 12

- Mesepisternum reticulate-rugose, sides of propodeum strigae or reticulate-rugose. Metasomal T3 with marginal zone impunctate................................................................................................13

12. Head less transverse, 1.2–1.25 times as wide as long ( Fig. 66 ). Length of scapal setae is about width of scape............................................................................................... S. rufiventris (Panzer)

- Head more transverse, 1.3 times as wide as long ( Fig. 68 ). Length of scapal setae is twice width of scape.................................................................................................. S. tadschicus Blüthgen

13. Vertex less elevated, distance from top of head to upper margin of lateral ocellus about two lateral ocellar diameters as seen in frontal view ( Fig. 59 )................................................................ S. anatolicus Warncke

- Vertex more elevated, distance from top of head to upper margin of lateral ocellus about three lateral ocellar diameters as seen in frontal view ( Fig. 58 )............................................................... S. gibbus (Linnaeus)

14. Mandible simple (without an inner tooth)................................................................ 15

- Mandible bidentate.................................................................................. 18

15. Head less transverse, at most 1.15 times as wide as long...................................... S. longulus Hagens

- Head more transverse, 1.2–1.3 times as wide as long....................................................... 16

16. Face, gena and mesepisternum with gray, sparse, semi-errect pubescence, not obscuring integument. Metasoma coarser punctate (10–15 µm). Pygidial plate as wide as metabasitarsus.................................. S. puncticeps Thomson

- Face, gena and mesepisternum with dense, snow-white, appressed, pubescence obscuring integument ( Fig. 103b ). Metasoma finely punctate (3–10 µm). Pygidial plate 1.4–1.5 times as wide as metabasitarsus................................ 17

17. Mesoscutum finely and irregularly punctate (10–20 µm), with punctures separated up to 5 puncture diameters ( Fig. 77 )..................................................................................... S. armeniacus Warncke

- Mesoscutum coarsely and densely punctate (15–30 µm), with punctures separated by at most a puncture diameter ( Fig. 103c ).................................................................................... S. turanicus sp. nov.

18. Pygidial plate at least 1.2 times wider than metabasitarsus, usually dull. Mesoscutum densely punctate, punctures usually separated by less than two puncture diameters. Total body length 7.0–11.0 mm..................................... 19

- Pygidial plate equal or narrower than metabasitarsus, shiny. Mesoscutum usually sparsely punctate, disc medially with punctures separated by more than two puncture diameters. Total body length 4.0–9.0 mm.............................. 20

19. Head more transverse, 1.30–1.35 times as wide as long; vertex, behind ocelli, not elevated in frontal view ( Fig. 63 ). Setae on scape distinctly longer than width of scape. Pygidial plate 1.3–1.5 times as wide as metabasitarsus..... S. pellucidus Smith

- Head less transverse, 1.20–1.25 times wider than long ( Fig. 62 ); vertex, behind ocelli, weakly elevated. Setae on scape shorter than width of scape. Pygidial plate 1.2–1.4 times as wide as metabasitarsus...................... S. ephippius (Linné)

20. Clypeus densely punctate, punctures separated by less than a puncture diameter. Pronotum, between dorsal and lateral surfaces, rounded, not angulate ( Fig. 80 )................................................................... 21

- Clypeus sparsely punctate, punctures separated by at least a puncture diameter. Pronotum between dorsal and lateral surfaces with sharp angle ( Fig. 81 )............................................................................ 22

21. Ventral part of thorax dull, finely reticulate-rugulose ( Fig. 89 )................................. S. hyalinatus Hagens

- Ventral part of thorax shiny, coarsely reticulate-rugose..................................... S. ferruginatus Hagens

22. Vertex long, distance from top of head to upper margin of lateral ocellus about 3–3.5 times lateral ocellar diameters as seen in dorsal view ( Fig. 73 ). Upper half of gena with appressed, dense pubescence obscuring integument................... 23

- Vertex shorter, distance from top of head to upper margin of lateral ocellus about two lateral ocellar diameters as seen in dorsal view. Gena with erect, sparse pubescence................................................................ 24

23. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum very sparsely punctate with punctures separated by 1–7 diameters ( Fig. 79 )................................................................................................. S. pinguiculus Pérez

- Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum denser punctate with punctures separated by 1–3 puncture diameters ( Fig. 78 )............................................................................................ S. intermedius Blüthgen

24. F3 transverse, 0.6–0.7 times as long as wide, as long as F1 ( Fig. 90 ). Pygidial plate as wide as metabasitarsus.......... 25

- F3 square, as long as wide, longer than F1. Pygidial plate narrower than metabasitarsus........................... 27

25. Paraocular area with dense, strongly plumose setae below the antennal toruli ( Fig. 69 )................................................................................................. S. schwarzi Astafurova & Proshchalykin

- Face with sparser, simple and weakly plumose setae........................................................ 26

26. Head more transverse 1.15–1.23 times as wide as long. Metasomal T2 on disc densely punctate on anterior half and usually sparsely and irregularly punctate on posterior half, punctures shallow, not reaching marginal zone (Fig. 85)................................................................................................... S. miniatus Hagens

- Head less transverse, about 1.10–1.15 times as wide as long. Metasomal T2 on disc densely punctate, with deep punctures reaching the marginal zone at least medially (Fig. 84)........................................ S. haladai Warncke

27. Metasomal T1 with distinct punctures separated by 1–4 puncture diameters; T2 with coarser and denser punctures reaching the marginal zone (15–20 µm / 1–2) (Fig. 86)................................................................ 28

- Metasomal T1 impunctate or with a few fine punctures; T2 with finer and sparser punctures on anterior third or half only (10– 15 µm /1–4)....................................................................................... 29

28. Vertex elevated and visible in as seen in frontal view ( Fig. 61 ). Clypeus with furrow in the middle wider, about 3 times as wide as long.............................................................................. S. croaticus Mayer

- Vertex not elevated ( Fig. 67 ). Clypeus without furrow in the middle, narrower, less than 3 times as wide as long............................................................................................. S. saxicolus Warncke

29. Head more transverse, 1.25 times as wide as long. Labrum trapezoidal, 0.7 times as long as wide. Metafemur strongly enlarged on proximal half, maximum width 0.4 times its length....................................... S. crassus Thomson

- Head less transverse, 1.1 times as wide as long. Labrum semicircular, 0.5 times as long as width. Metafemur weakly enlarged on proximal half, maximum width 0.35 times its length...................................... S. geoffrellus (Kirby)

Figures

FIGURE 103. Sphecodes turanicus Astafurova & Proshchalykin, sp. nov., female, holotype; a—lateral habitus; b—head, frontal view; c—mesoscutum; d—metasoma, T 1 – T 2.

FIGURES 70 – 75. Females, head: 70, 72 – 74 – dorsal view; 71, 75 — lateral view; 70 — Sphecodes spinulosus Hagens; 71 — S. scabricollis Wesmael; 72 — S. reticulatus Thomson; 73 — S. intermedius Blüthgen; 74 — S. gibbus (Linnaeus); 75 — S. olivieri Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau.

FIGURES 88 – 92. 88 — male; 89 – 92 — females; 88 — metatibia; 89 — thorax, ventral view; 90 — antenna; 91, 92 — hind wing; 88 — Sphecodes spinulosus Hagens; 89 — S. hyalinatus Hagens; 90 — S. miniatus Hagens; 91 — S. ephippius (Linné); 92 — S. gibbus (Linnaeus).

FIGURES 58 – 63. Females, head; frontal view; 58 — S. gibbus (Linnaeus); 59 — S. anatolicus Warncke; 60 — S. cristatus Hagens; 61 — S. croaticus Meyer; 62 — S. ephippius (Linné); 63 — S. pellucidus Smith.

FIGURES 64 – 69. Females, head; frontal view; 64 — Sphecodes monilicornis (Kirby); 65 — S. olivieri Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau; 66 — S. rufiventris (Panzer); 67 — S. saxicolus Warncke; 68 — S. tadschicus Blüthgen; 69 — S. schwarzi Astafurova & Proshchalykin.

FIGURES 76 – 81. Females; 76 – 79 — mesoscutum; 80, 81 — pronotum; 76 — Sphecodes albilabris (Fabricius); 77 — S. armeniacus Warncke; 78 — S. intermedius Blüthgen; 79 — S. pinguiculus Pérez; 80 — S. ferruginatus Hagens; 81 — S. pellucidus Smith.