Lasioglossum (Dialictus) pictum ( Crawford, 1902 )

Gardner, Joel & Gibbs, Jason, 2020, The ‘ red-tailed’ Lasioglossum (Dialictus) (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) of the western Nearctic, European Journal of Taxonomy 725, pp. 1-242 : 169-172

Lasioglossum (Dialictus) pictum ( Crawford, 1902)

Figs 74 , 90L , 102A , 105A

Halictus pictus Crawford, 1902: 236 (syntypes, ♀♀, deposited in UNSM, examined).

Halictus graenicheri Ellis, 1914b: 221 (holotype, ♀, deposited in USNM, examined; synonymy by Mitchell 1960).

Dialictus muskegoensis Mitchell, 1960: 439 (holotype, ♂, deposited in NCSU, examined by second author; synonymy by Mitchell 1962).

Halictus (Chloralictus) pictus – Sandhouse 1924: 3 (key).

Halictus (Chloralictus) graenicheri – Sandhouse 1924: 4 (key).

Lasioglossum (Chloralictus) graenicheri – Michener 1951: 1113 (catalog).

Lasioglossum (Chloralictus) pictum – Michener 1951: 1116 (catalog).

Dialictus pictus – Mitchell 1960: 412 (key, redescription). — Knerer & Atwood 1962: 170 (checklist, biology). — Hurd 1979: 1970 (catalog). — Moure & Hurd 1987: 122 (catalog).

Lasioglossum (Dialictus) graenicheri – Krombein 1967: 463 (catalog).

Lasioglossum (Dialictus) muskegoense – Krombein 1967: 464 (catalog).

Lasioglossum (Dialictus) pictum – Krombein 1967: 465 (catalog). — Wolf & Ascher 2009: 144 (checklist). — Gibbs 2010: 249 , figs 178a–d, 179a–f (key, redescription); 2011 (key). — Scott et al. 2011: 31 (checklist). — Gibbs et al. 2017: 84 (checklist).

Diagnosis

Females of Lasioglossum pictum can be recognized by the face short (length/width ratio ~0.82), supraclypeal area dull, frons and mesepisternum with crowded punctures, scutum with dense but distinctly separated punctures (i ≤ 1 pd), postgena lineate, clypeus apical margin reddish brown to black, and T2–4 with dark spiracular spots. They are most similar to L. arenisaltans sp. nov. Females of L. arenisaltans sp. nov. have the face slightly longer (length/width ratio ~0.85), scutum very densely punctate (i <1 pd), and clypeus apical margin sometimes orange.

Males of L. pictum can be recognized by the face short (length/width ratio ~0.83), propodeum dorsolateral slope rugose, postgena lineate, face covered in relatively sparse tomentum not hiding the surface underneath, mesepisternum densely punctate (i ≤ 1 pd), S3–5 with uniform short hair (0.75– 1.25 OD), and legs and metasoma mostly dark reddish brown to black, becoming red to orange on the extremities. They are most similar to L. arenisaltans sp. nov. and L. zephyrus . Males of L. arenisaltans sp. nov. have a longer face (length/width ratio ~0.89) and legs and metasoma often entirely orange. Males of L. zephyrus have the mesosoma more finely and sparsely punctate (i=1–3 pd) and S3–5 with shorter, densely plumose hair concentrated laterally ( Fig. 116A ).

Etymology

Crawford (1902) named this species with the Latin perfect participle ‘ pictus ’ (‘painted’).

Material examined

Syntypes

UNITED STATES – Nebraska • 4 ♀♀; Sioux Co., War Bonnet Canyon ; [42.8° N, 103.6° W]; 23 Jun. 1901; M.A. Carriker Jr. leg.; ex wild rose; UNSM • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 3 Jun. 1901; M. Cary leg.; ex Symphoricarpos ; UNSM • 6 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 23 Jun. 1901; J.C. Crawford leg.; ex wild rose; UNSM • 3 ♀♀; Crawford ; [42.68° N, 103.41° W]; 29 Jul. 1901; M.A. Carriker leg.; ex Mentzelia ; UNSM .

Other material

CANADA – Alberta • 6 ♀♀; 11.8 km SSW of Empress (stabilizing dune); 50.8504° N, 110.0489° W; 24 May 2019; T.M. Onuferko leg.; CMNC. – Manitoba • 2 ♀♀; Spirit Sands , SWPP (stabilized dune); 49.664° N, 99.2951° W; 30 May 2019; T.M. Onuferko leg.; CMNC. – Ontario • 1 ♀; Norfolk Co., South Walsingham , Pterophylla Farm ; [42.66° N, 80.52° W]; P.J. Carson leg.; WRME. – Saskatchewan • 2 ♀♀; 6.4 km NNW of Webb (active dune); 50.2341° N, 108.2403° W; 1 Jun. 2019; T.M. Onuferko leg.; CMNC • 1 ♀; 7.6 km NNW of Webb (active dune); 50.2431° N, 108.2503° W; 1 Jun. 2019; T.M. Onuferko leg.; CMNC • 5 ♀♀; N Bitter Lake, Tunstall (stabilizing dune); 50.1489° N, 109.8244° W; 2 Jun. 2019; T.M. Onuferko leg.; CMNC .

UNITED STATES – Arizona • 2 ♀♀; 20 mi. N of Flagstaff; [35.51° N, 111.55° W]; 3 Jul. 1952; C. Liang, W. LaBerge, R.H. and L.D. Beamer leg.; SEMC . – Colorado • 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂; Alamosa Co., Great Sand Dunes National Monument ; [37.8° N, 105.6° W]; 22 Jul.–8 Aug. 1978; H.E. Evans leg.; CSUC • 1 ♀; Alamosa Co., Sand Dunes National Monument ; [37.8° N, 105.6° W]; 21 Jun. 1955; Hugo G. Rodeck leg.; UCMC • 1 ♀; White Rocks, near Boulder; [40.06° N, 105.16° W]; 1676 m a.s.l.; 5 Jun. 1922; AMNH • 1 ♀; Wray ; 40° N, 102.1667° W; 1128 m a.s.l.; 17–19 Aug. 1919; AMNH . – Kansas • 1 ♀; 9 mi S of Garden City ; [37.84° N, 100.87° W]; 12 Jun. 1952; Wille and Michener leg.; ex Melilotus officinalis ; SEMC . – Michigan • 2 ♂♂; Berrien Co., Warren Dunes S.P. ; 41.903° N, 86.604° W; 6 Jul. 2014; J. Gibbs leg.; WRME • 1 ♂; Muskegon Co.; [43.3° N, 86.2° W]; 2 Aug. 1944; Dreisbach leg.; NCSU . – Minnesota • 7 ♀♀; Anoka Co., Bunker Hills Reg. Park ; 45.2037° N, 93.2792° W; 278 m a.s.l.; 8 Jun. 2015; J. Gardner leg.; UMSP • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 20 Jul. 2015; J. Gardner leg.; UMSP • 6 ♀♀; Anoka Co., Bunker Hills Reg. Park ; 45.2105° N, 93.2877° W; 274 m a.s.l.; 8 Jun. 2015; J. Gardner leg.; UMSP • 1 ♀; Anoka Co., Bunker Hills Reg. Park ; 45.2109° N, 93.2864° W; 276 m a.s.l.; 1 Jul. 2015; J. Gardner leg.; ex Coreopsis palmata ; UMSP • 1 ♀; Anoka Co., Bunker Hills Reg. Park ; 45.2159° N, 93.2848° W; 277 m a.s.l.; 20 Jul. 2015; J. Gardner leg.; ex Amorpha canescens ; UMSP • 2 ♀♀; Anoka Co., Bunker Hills Reg. Park ; 45.2176° N, 93.2899° W; 274 m a.s.l.; 20 Jul. 2015; J. Gardner leg.; UMSP • 2 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 10 Aug. 2015; J. Gardner leg.; UMSP • 2 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 19 May 2016; J. Gardner leg.; UMSP • 7 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 8 Jun. 2016; E. Evans leg.; UMSP • 1 ♀; Anoka Co., Bunker Hills Reg. Park ; 45.2176° N, 93.2898° W; 8 Jun. 2015; J. Gardner leg.; ex Tradescantia occidentalis ; UMSP • 1 ♀; Anoka Co., Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve ; 45.388° N, 93.1831° W; 283 m a.s.l.; 3 Jul. 2015; J. Gardner leg.; ex Oenothera clelandii ; UMSP • 8 ♀♀; Anoka Co., Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve ; 45.4029° N, 93.1993° W; 278 m a.s.l.; 12 Jun. 2015; J. Gardner leg.; UMSP • 2 ♂♂; Anoka Co., Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve ; 45.4037° N, 93.1834° W; 280 m a.s.l.; 12 Aug. 2015; J. Gardner leg.; ex Dalea villosa ; UMSP • 3 ♀♀; Anoka Co., Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve ; 45.40267° N, 93.19917° W; 255 m a.s.l.; 4 May 2015; E. Evans leg.; UMSP • 11 ♀♀; Anoka Co., Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve ; 45.43096° N, 93.18936° W; 247 m a.s.l.; 4 May 2015; E. Evans leg.; UMSP • 5 ♀♀; Isanti Co., Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve ; 45.4323° N, 93.1894° W; 281 m a.s.l.; 22 Jul. 2015; J. Gardner leg.; UMSP • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 12 Aug. 2015; J. Gardner leg.; UMSP • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 31 Aug. 2015; J. Gardner leg.; UMSP • 1 ♀; Isanti Co., Irving & John Anderson Co. Park ; 45.4617° N, 93.0536° W; 255 m a.s.l.; 21 May 2015; E. Evans leg.; ex Prunus virginiana ; UMSP • 1 ♀; Isanti Co., Irving & John Anderson Co. Park ; 45.462° N, 93.061° W; 261 m a.s.l.; 10 Jun. 2015; E. Evans leg.; UMSP • 1 ♀; Isanti Co., Irving & John Anderson Co. Park ; 45.4641° N, 93.0598° W; 20 Jul. 2015; E. Evans leg.; ex Melilotus officinalis subsp. alba ; UMSP • 1 ♀; Isanti Co., Irving & John Anderson Co. Park ; 45.4663° N, 93.0542° W; 248 m a.s.l.; 10 Jun. 2015; E. Evans leg.; UMSP • 7 ♀♀; Isanti Co., Irving & John Anderson Co. Park ; 45.46627° N, 93.05422° W; 248 m a.s.l.; 20 Jul. 2015; E. Evans leg.; UMSP • 1 ♀; Washington Co., Belwin Conservancy ; 44.9248° N, 92.7894° W; 230 m a.s.l.; 9 Jun. 2015; E. Evans leg.; ex Penstemon gracilis ; UMSP • 1 ♂; Washington Co., St. Croix Savanna Scientific and Natural Area ; 44.9955° N, 92.7788° W; 192 m a.s.l.; 21 Jul. 2015; E. Evans leg.; ex Verbena stricta ; UMSP . – Nebraska • 4 ♀♀; McPherson Co., Sandhills Ag Lab ; [41.62° N, 100.83° W]; 15 Jul. 1972; UNSM • 4 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 28 Jun.–10 Aug. 1972; UNSM • 2 ♀♀; McPherson Co.; 28 Jun.–10 Aug. 1972; J.L. Wedberg leg.; UNSM • 1 ♀; 3 mi. E of Thedford; [41.98° N, 100.52° W]; 14 Jul. 1960; W.E. LaBerge leg.; ex Helianthus petiolaris ; UNSM • 2 ♂♂; 3 mi. S of Hyannis; [41.96° N, 101.76° W]; 12 Sep. 1961; Crew leg.; ex misc. vegetation; UNSM • 1 ♂; same location as for preceding; 10 Sep. 1961; Atyeo and Isakson leg.; ex dry prairie; UNSM • 1 ♀; 3.5 mi. W of Marquette; [41.01° N, 98.08° W]; 31 Jul. 1958; Atyeo and Andresen leg.; UNSM • 2 ♀♀; F. Crow Ranch , 25 mi. SW of Valentine; [42.7° N, 100.9° W]; 3 Sep. 1959; W.E. LaBerge leg.; ex Helianthus petiolaris ; UNSM • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 3 Sep. 1959; W.E. LaBerge leg.; ex Solidago ; UNSM • 1 ♀; Mitchell ; [41.94° N, 103.81° W]; 2 Aug. 1917; E.J. Yates leg.; ex Melilotus officinalis subsp. alba ; UNSM • 1 ♀; Smith Lake , 20 mi. S of Rushville; [42.42° N, 102.45° W]; 31 Aug. 1959; ex Helianthus petiolaris ; UNSM • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 31 Aug. 1959; W.E. LaBerge leg.; ex Erigeron ; UNSM • 3 ♀♀; West Point ; [41.84° N, 96.71° W]; Jun. 1900; UNSM . – North Dakota • 22 ♀♀; Ransom Co., 7 mi. SE of Sheldon ; [46.52° N, 97.39° W]; 24 Sep. 1983; J.R. Powers leg.; EMEC • 11 ♀♀; Richland Co., 1 mi. SE of McLeod; [46.38° N, 97.28° W]; 8 Jun. 1991; J.R. Powers leg.; EMEC • 2 ♀♀; same location as for preceding; 2 Aug. 1995; J.R. Powers leg.; EMEC . – Wisconsin • 1 ♀; Vernon Co., Genoa ; [43.58° N, 91.22° W]; 13 Jul. 1911; Graenicher leg.; USNM .

Description

See Gibbs (2010) for a complete redescription and figures.

Range

Ontario west to Alberta and south to northern Arizona ( Fig. 74 ).

Floral records

ASTERACEAE Giseke : Coreopsis : C. palmata Nutt. • Erigeron : E. philadelphicus L. (G10) • Helianthus : H. petiolaris Nutt. • Solidago • BORAGINACEAE Juss. Phacelia Juss. P. congesta Hook. (G10) • BRASSICACEAE Burnett : Lepidium L. (G10) • CAPRIFOLIACEAE Juss. Symphoricarpos Duhamel • COMMELINACEAE Mirb. Tradescantia L. T. occidentalis (Britton) Smyth • FABACEAE Juss. Amorpha : A. canescens Pursh • Dalea : D. villosa (Nutt.) Spreng. • Melilotus : M. officinalis (L.) Pall. M. o. subsp. alba (Medik.) H. Ohashi & Tateishi • LAMIACEAE Martinov : Salvia L. S. texana (Scheele) Torr. (G10) • LOASACEAE Juss. Mentzelia L. • ONAGRACEAE Juss. Oenothera L. O. clelandii W. Dietr., P.H. Raven & W.L. Wagner • PLANTAGINACEAE Juss. Penstemon Schmidel : P. gracilis Nutt. • ROSACEAE Juss. Prunus L. P. virginiana L. • Rosa L. • SALICACEAE Mirb. Salix L. (G10) • VERBENACEAE J. St. -Hil. Verbena L. V. stricta Vent.

DNA barcodes

Nine sequences available (BOLD process IDs: DIAL020-06, DIAL021-06, DIAL102-06, DIAL103-06, DIAL104-06, DIAL343-06, DIAL434-06, DIAL435-06, LASNA022-08; BIN: BOLD:AAC1104). No unique fixed substitutions distinguish L. pictum from all other western red-tailed L. ( Dialictus ).

Remarks

Gibbs (2011) recorded Lasioglossum pictum as far southwest as Alberta and Nebraska. Additional specimens are now known from Colorado and Arizona. Lasioglossum arenisaltans sp. nov. is also known from these same localities. Both species are sand dune specialists and seem to occur sympatrically throughout much of their range, although L. arenisaltans sp. nov. is more common in the southwest and L. pictum is more common in the northeast.

The type locality of L. pictum is within the known range of L. arenisaltans sp. nov., but all 14 syntype specimens were examined and found to represent L. pictum as traditionally understood.

Figures

Fig. 74. Georeferenced collection records of Lasioglossum (D.) pictum (Crawford, 1902) (black squares) and predicted distribution by maximum entropy ecological niche modeling in Maxent (colour shading). Warmer colours indicate higher cloglog probability of occurrence.

Fig. 90. Male genitalia. A. Lasioglossum (D.) arenisaltans sp. nov. B. L. (D.) clastipedion sp. nov. C. L. (D.) clematisellum (Cockerell, 1904). D. L. (D.) hudsoniellum (Cockerell, 1919). E. L. (D.) julipile sp. nov. F. L. (D.) lilianae sp. nov. G. L. (D.) mesillense (Cockerell, 1898). H. L. (D.) meteorum sp. nov. I. L. (D.) miltolepoides sp. nov. J. L. (D.) minckleyi sp. nov. K. L. (D.) pallidellum (Ellis, 1914). L. L. (D.) pictum (Crawford, 1902). M. L. (D.) rufornatum sp. nov. N. L. (D.) spivakae sp. nov. O. L. (D.) testaceum (Robertson, 1897).P. L. (D.) vierecki (Crawford, 1904). Q. L. (D.) zephyrus (Smith, 1853). Genitalia are illustrated in dorsal view and positioned such that the gonostylus is parallel to the plane of vision. Retrorse lobes are also illustrated separately to the bottom left of each figure in lateral view, positioned parallel to the plane of vision.

Fig. 102. Postgena.A. Lasioglossum (D.) pictum (Crawford, 1902), ♀, dull and lineate. B. L. (D.) lilianae sp. nov., ♀, shiny. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Fig. 105. Dark spiracular spots (arrows) on the metasoma. A. Lasioglossum (D.) pictum (Crawford, 1902), ♀, present on T2–4. B. L. (D.) meteorum sp. nov., ♀, present on T3–4 only. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 116. Metasomal sterna, ♂. A. Lasioglossum (D.) zephyrus (Smith, 1853), with hair concentrated in apicolateral areas of S3–5. B. Typical red-tailed Lasioglossum (Dialictus), with hair evenly distributed and S5 straight. C. L. (D.) hudsoniellum (Cockerell, 1919), with S5 concave.