Atanatolica nordestina, Henriques-Oliveira, A. L. & Santos, A. P. M., 2014

Henriques-Oliveira, A. L. & Santos, A. P. M., 2014, Two new species of Atanatolica Mosely 1936 (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) from Peru and Northeastern Brazil, Zootaxa 3869 (5), pp. 537-547 : 538-542

Atanatolica nordestina sp. nov.

( Figs.1–3 )

Remarks. Based male forewings with fork I petiolate, this new species is tentatively included in the A. dominicana Group as defined by Holzenthal (1988). However, the male genitalia of this new species are very different from those of other species in the A. dominicana Group. The male of A. nordestina can be recognized by globose preanal appendages; short inferior appendages (as long as tergum X); the subquadrangular basal portion of each inferior appendage in ventral view; and tergum X without digitate apicolateral processes, but with a pair of short rounded projections. Although the short inferior appendages of A. nordestina sp. nov. can be similar to the inferior appendages of A. flinti , the new species can be readily distinguished from that one by the following characters: (1) forewing fork I petiolate; (2) the preanal appendages globose; and (3) tergum X without apicolateral processes. Females of A. nordestina sp. nov. can be diagnosed by sternum VIII with a transverse row of small spine-like setae and tergum IX sclerotized and setose.

Larvae of the new species have typical features described for Atanatolica , but they can be recognized by the case with golden and darkened mineral grains, forming a distinctive pattern. These larvae can also be diagnosed by the color of sclerites and legs golden brown, middle and hind tibiae with fine, short setae on posterior surfaces and by the rounded setal areas on the metasternum.

Adult male: Length of body 5.0 ± 0.25 mm; length of each forewing 6.5 ± 0.5 mm; length of each hind wing 4.5 ± 0.5 mm (n = 5). General color dark brown (in alcohol). Head with frontal setae warts oval with dark and whitish setae; posterior setal warts with whitish setae. Antennae and palps golden brown with brown setae. Thorax brown with brown and white setae. Forewings with forks I and V present, fork I petiolate. Hind wings with forks I, III, and V present ( Fig. 1 A). Tibial spur formula 0,2,2.

Genitalia: Segment IX annular, very short, with lateral setose area. Preanal appendages oval, slightly flattened, setose, rounded apically, and shorter than tergum X ( Figs. 1 B, 1C). Tergum X with apicolateral processes absent, with pair of short and rounded apicomesal processes. Inferior appendages each with first article basal portion globose, setose, and subquadrangular in ventral view, with shallow rounded excavation, apical portion finger-like with stout, spine-like setae on internal margin; second article large, claw-like, and, curved inward in ventral view ( Fig. 1 D). Phallic apparatus simple; phallobase tubular; phallotremal sclerite bifurcate in ventral view and downturned in lateral view ( Figs. 1 E, 1F).

Adult Female: Length of body 4.5 ± 0.5 mm; length of each forewing 6.5 ± 0.5 mm; length of each hindwing 5.0 ± 0.5 mm (n = 3). Forewings with forks I, III, and V present, fork I sessile. Other characters of thorax as in male.

Genitalia: Sternum VIII with transverse row of small spine-like setae. Tergum IX sclerotized and setose; sternum IX membranous, plicate ( Fig. 1 G). Tergum X short and downturned; appendages of segment X triangular in ventral view, with long setae ( Fig. 1 H). Vaginal sclerite short, slender, and slightly sclerotized. ( Figs. 1 G).

Larva: Body length about 8.0 ± 2.0 mm (n=10). Head and body sclerites brown, maxillary and labial palpi and legs golden brown ( Figs. 2 B, 2E). Head almost oval and covered with numerous short setae, antenna very short ( Fig. 2 D). Pronotum sclerotized, with mesal ecdysial line covered by short setae, and with row of seta on anterior margin. Metanotum with large dorsomesal sclerite (fused sa 1 and sa 2) and pair of small lateral sclerites (sa 3), both with setae on anterior portion ( Fig. 2 C). Metasternum with pair of round setal areas, each with about 30 long setae ( Fig. 2 F). Middle and hind tibiae with fine, short setae on posterior surfaces ( Fig. 2 E). Tarsal claws simple, each with long basal seta. Abdominal segment I with oval dorsal hump sclerite, pair of dorsolateral setae, and pair of dorsolateral sclerites; lateral hump sclerite on each side large with central seta ( Fig. 2 G). Lateral lines apparently absent. Segment VIII with row of lateral spines on each side ( Fig. 2 H). Segment IX with sclerotized dorsal plate bearing two pairs of long setae. Gills laterally on segments I to III. Anal proleg short, bearing long setae; proleg claw with short dorsal accessory hook.

Larval case: Length 10.5 ± 3.5 mm (n=10). Made of small sand grains, anterior area with grains slightly larger, with golden and darker areas ( Fig. 2 A); long, narrow and tapered to posterior region; slightly curved.

Pupa: Length 5.0 mm (n = 1). Head with few short setae on frontal area; labrum with long setae; mandibles each with inner margin serrate and single apical tooth ( Fig. 3 B). Antenna very long, with apex coiled around the posterior area of the abdomen. Thorax pale brown, without conspicuous features. Abdomen ( Fig. 3 A) long and slender, pairs of anterior hook plates on abdominal segments III–VI each with 1–3 hooks and pair of posterior hook plates on abdominal segment V each with 2 hooks ( Fig. 3 C), segment IX with pair of small sclerites each bearing four setae; anal processes long, slender, their apices upturned and hooked, apparently without setae ( Fig. 3 D).

Holotype male (in alcohol): BRAZIL: Ceará: Ubajara, Parque Nacional de Ubajara, trilha Araticum, Rio das Minas, 03°49’58”S, 40°53’53”W, el. 420 m, 20–27.iv.2012, Malaise trap, DM Takiya & APM Santos leg. ( CZMA).

Paratypes: BRAZIL: Ceará: same data as holotype, except 2 males ( DZRJ), 2 males ( CZMA); same data except Cachoeira do Cafundó, 03°50’12”S, 40°54’35”W, el. 783 m, 11.ii.2013, 17 larvae ( DZRJ) and 10 larvae ( CZMA); same data except 16.ii.2013, 5 larvae ( CZMA); same data as holotype, except 18–30. xi.2012, 2 females ( DZRJ), 3 males ( DZRJ), 1 female and 2 males ( CZMA); same data except Rio Cafundó, up to waterfall, 3°50’13”S, 40°54’35”W, el. 795 m, 24.iv.2012, 1 male ( DZRJ); same data except Rio Mijo da Velha, 3º50’17”S, 40º54’34”W, el. 768 m, 17.ii.2013, 10 larvae ( DZRJ), 1 pupa, 1 pharate male ( DZRJ).

Etymology. The specific epithet, nordestina , is a genitive adjective in Portuguese that refers to the inhabitants of Northeastern Brazil.

Distribution and biology. Brazil (Ceará State, Fig. 6 ). Atanatolica nordestina n. sp. was found in small- to medium-size streams in mountain areas with remnants of the Atlantic Forest in Parque Nacional de Ubajara, Ibiapaba Mountains, Ceará State, Northeastern Brazil, located in the northwestern part of Ceara State. Although the predominant biome of this region is Caatinga (dry forest region), important remains of the typical tropical rain forest (as Amazon Forest) can be found in higher areas (above 870 m) (IBAMA 2002; Nascimento et al. 2005). In areas of slopes and cliffs, it can be found as transition vegetation, which is similar to Cerrado vegetation. This complex and heterogeneous region hosts a very diverse and poorly known fauna.

Immatures of A. nordestina sp. nov. were collected from hygropetric habitats, rock surfaces with only a thin water film or in the spray zone of the waterfalls. This semi-terrestrial habit was mentioned for other species in the genus ( Flint 1968; Holzenthal 1988). Larvae were found crawling slowly over boulders and pupae were attached to the substratum by a short anterior pedicle. Rocks and boulders where the immatures were found were covered by a thin silken net, which was made by the larvae to help them cling to the rock surfaces. Adults were collected with traps and were not seen flying during daylight.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Atanatolica nordestina, new species, male (A – F) and female (G – H). 1 A, male right fore- and hind wings, dorsal; 1 B – 1 F, male genitalia: 1 B, left lateral; 1 C, dorsal; 1 D, ventral; 1 E, phallic apparatus, left lateral; 1 F, phallic apparatus, ventral. 1 G – 1 H, female genitalia: 1 G, left lateral; 1 H, ventral. pr. ap—preanal appendage; inf. ap. — inferior appendage; 2 nd art—second article; am. pr. — apicomesal process.

FIGURE 2. Atanatolica nordestina, new species, larva: 2 A, larva and case, left lateral; 2 B, larva, left lateral; 2 C, head, thorax and abdominal segment I, dorsal; 2 D, head, dorsal; 2 E, legs, left lateral; 2 F, metasternum, ventral; 2 G, abdominal segment I, left lateral; 2 H, terminal segments, left lateral.

FIGURE 3. Atanatolica nordestina, new species, pupa. 3 A, dorsal; 3 B, head, dorsal; 3 C, abdominal segments III-VI, dorsal; 3 D, terminal segments, dorsal.

FIGURE 6. Map of distribution of Atanatolica nordestina and A. quechua.