Plagiognathus obscurus Uhler, 1872

SCHUH, RANDALL T., 2001, Revision Of New World Plagiognathus Fieber, With Comments On The Palearctic Fauna And The Description Of A New Genus (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2001 (266), pp. 1-267 : 179-181

Plagiognathus obscurus Uhler Figures 10 , 18 , 29 , 34

Plagiognathus obscurus Uhler, 1872: 418 (n. sp.).

Plagiognathus annulatus: Knight, 1923: 442 (misidentification).

Plagiognathus obscurus albocuneatus Knight, 1923: 438 (n. var.).

Plagiognathus annulatus cuneatus Knight, 1923: 442 (n. var.). NEW SYNONYMY.

Plagiognathus annulatus nigrofemoratus Knight, 1923: 443 (n. var.). NEW SYNONYMY.

DIAGNOSIS: Base of corium pale and at least basal portion of cuneus usually pale (fig. 10: obscurus 1, 2), a pattern of coloration also occurring in several other large, widespread, frequently collected species of Plagiognathus ; less commonly entire dorsum dark (fig. 10: obscurus 4). Distinguished from brunneus (fig. 6) by neat appearance of golden, shining setae on dorsum, generally yellowish cast of pale areas on dorsum, and pale anterior area of corium angled along posterior margin and usually extending posteriorly along clavus in males (fig. 10). In brunneus (fig. 6), pale anterior area of corium whitish rather than yellowish, posterior margin of area often nearly transverse, irregular and not angled posteriorly along clavus, and setae on dorsum silvery. Plagiognathus obscurus usually with pronotum and scutellum entirely dark; however, some populations with pronotum pale on disc and with scutellum pale laterally (fig. 10: obscurus 3). Unequivocally distinguished from brunneus only by form of vesica, obscurus with body of vesica very stout and strongly curved, forming a distinct ‘‘U’’, with base of vesica falling above level of base of secondary gonopore (fig. 29); body of vesica in brunneus (fig. 22) only moderately stout, with open curve at base and with base of vesica falling slightly below base of gonopore. Further­ more, flange broad—and broad over much of length—and nearly straight along most of exposed length in obscurus , whereas flange in brunneus smoothly curving over entire length (see also Discussion below).

Plagiognathus notodysmicos (fig. 11) very similar in size and general pattern of coloration to obscurus ; notodysmicos distinguished by the opaque quality of the white areas on the corium and the cuneus (fig. 11) and by the form of the male genitalia, notodysmicos (fig. 29) having the flange on the vesica very narrow relative to that of obscurus and terminating at the base of the secondary gonopore. The distributions of the two species also appear to be largely nonoverlapping.

Plagiognathus obscurus also similar to alboradialis , flavoscutellatus , and paramundus in general coloration, but pale area of corium extending posteriorly along radial vein in those species, whereas this is so in only some western populations of obscurus (see fig. 10: obscurus 3). Antennal segment 2 longer in alboradialis and paramundus than in obscurus ; body broader in flavoscutellatus than in obscurus . Color pattern of hemelytra in obscurus similar to that of brevirostris , but the latter with labium reaching at most to apex of middle coxae, whereas labium always longer in obscurus .

Specimens of obscurus with dorsum completely dark, separated from annulatus (fig. 5) by that species having no pale markings on the hemelytra and having antennal segment 2 with a broad, pale, median annulus, this being especially pronounced in females; obscurus always with corium narrowly pale adjacent to extreme base of membrane and at least very narrowly pale at cuneal fracture and with antennal segment 2 entirely dark. Furthermore, annulatus very nearly black, whereas obscurus brown to castaneous.

REDESCRIPTION: Male: Elongate, usually nearly parallel­sided, moderately large to large; total length 3.23–4.56, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 2.43–3.10, width across pronotum 1.10–1.28. COLORATION (fig. 10): Background coloration of dorsum brown to castaneous, sometimes entirely so with pale on corium only narrowly along cuneal fracture and narrowly adjacent to extreme base of membrane; more commonly dorsum with some pale areas, these being weakly to distinctly yellowish on basal onethird to one­half of corium, posterior margin of this area usually angled posteriorly towards apex of clavus and basal one­third to entire cuneus; costal vein dark to weakly pale; corium always narrowly pale adjacent to extreme base of membrane; membrane fumose, veins usually pale; posterior margin of vertex pale; pronotum and scutellum usually entirely dark, but disc of pronotum pale and scutellum pale laterally in some populations, especially in the far west and north; all antennal segments castaneous to black (fig. 18), although segments 3 and 4 sometimes appearing only weakly infuscate and antennal segment 1 with a pale apical annulus; labial segment 1 castaneous, remainder of labium mostly pale; venter entirely castaneous, including metathoracic scent­gland evaporatory area; legs usually largely pale, although femora sometimes moderately infuscate and always with dark spots; tibiae with pale background coloration, dorsal tibial spines with obvious dark spots at bases; tibiae dark at articulation with femora. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum weakly granular, smooth, weakly to moderately shining. Face at and below level of antennal insertion more highly polished than remainder of body surface. Vestiture of dorsum composed of recumbent, golden, shining, relatively short, simple setae (fig. 34C). STRUCTURE: Body appearing flattened, usually nearly parallelsided; frons weakly convex, clypeus visible from above; anteocular distance equal to diameter of antennal segment 1; head projecting below eye by 1.3 times diameter of antennal segment 1 (fig. 34A); labium reaching to apex of middle coxae or slightly beyond; metathoracic scent­gland evaporatory area and spiracle as in figure 34B. GENITALIA (fig. 29): Body of vesica stout, tightly curving, U­shaped, base falling at about level of base of secondary gonopore, posterior apical spine moderately long, weakly curving, and erect relatively to body of vesica, anterior spine more strongly angled relative to body of vesica, longer than posterior spine, and angled near apex in lateral view; flange very broad, nearly straight along exposed margin, extending to midpoint of secondary gonopore.

Female: Body slightly shorter, broader, and more strongly ovoid than in male; pale areas of hemelytra slightly more extensive than in male. Total length 3.52–4.24, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 2.48–2.92, width across pronotum 1.11–1.32.

HOSTS: Apparently breeds on annuals. Although this is the most commonly collected Plagiognathus sp. , the number of definitive host records for it is very small.

DISTRIBUTION: Broadly distributed in eastern North America west into the foothills of the Rockies, and in the west from northern Utah to northern California north to southern British Columbia .

DISCUSSION: No specimen has ever been designated as the type of Plagiognathus obscurus . Uhler (1872) stated in association with his original description that ‘‘the present specimens were brought from Colorado’’, although he made it clear that the species was widely distributed in the eastern United States. Uhler was not specific about a locality in Colorado. The Uhler specimens labeled ‘‘Colo.’’ in the National Museum in Washington, D.C., all have collecting dates later than 1872. Thus, none can serve as potential lectotypes of obscurus . To fix the concept of obscurus , I have selected a neotype (male). It bears the following label data and is deposited in the United States National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C.:

5 mi. W. Milford, Dickinson Co., Iowa, July 18, 1963, J. C. Schaffner; Neotype Plagiognathus obscurus Uhler , det. R. T. Schuh

Although the concept of Plagiognathus obscurus in eastern North America is well known to many heteropterists, and has been relatively stable for decades, closer examination suggests that the situation is more complex than had previously been thought.

Several names have been introduced into the literature which seem to apply to obscurus . Among these is albocuneatus Knight, 1923, which was described as a variety of obscurus . Knight (1923) also used the name annulatus Uhler for specimens from the eastern United States that have pale legs and a generally black or uniformly very dark body; he (Knight, 1923) furthermore introduced the names cuneatus and nigrofemoratus for what he considered color varieties of annulatus , observing that the former might represent a distinct species.

Examination of male genitalia indicates that ‘‘true’’ obscurus has a short, heavy­bodied vesica with a very broad flange subtending the secondary gonopore and overlapping about half of it. The base of the vesica is curved such that it reaches to the height of the gonopore. This type of vesica is found in specimens from localities broadly distributed in eastern North America as well as in specimens from lesser numbers of known localities as far west as British Columbia and as far south as northern California. Although the genitalia in most Plagiognathus spp. are rather similar, the structure of the vesica in obscurus is distinctive and quite easy to recognize. This vesical type is found in albocuneatus Knight, annulatus sensu Knight , and in the varieties cuneatus Knight and nigrofemoratus Knight. I am therefore treating all of these nominal taxa as synonymous, with obscurus having priority.

Knight described annulatus cuneatus from the northeastern United States. This color variant is apparently much more common in the South than in the North, as evidenced by the large numbers of specimens I examined in the Texas A&M collections which were taken primarily in Texas and Mississippi. Nonetheless, a series of specimens from Ames, Iowa, a much more northerly locality, collected on Heracleum maximum (Apiaceae) contains both the typical obscurus and cuneatus forms.

The distributions of obscurus and brunneus , two common and easily confused species in collections, overlap above about 43 north latitude and in some areas of the montane West. It is in those areas that the greatest difficulty will be encountered in providing accurate identifications. In the case of some specimens, dissection of the male genitalia will be required to verify identity.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CANADA.— Alberta: Slave Lake , August 14, 1924, O. Bryant, 33, 4♀ (USNM). British Columbia : 7 mi W of Bridesville, July 9, 1966, W. Gagne and J. Haddock, 13, 1♀ (UCB). Duncan, July 28, 1919, W. Downes, 33 (CAS). Elko, E Kootenay, July 9, 1949, H. B. Leech, 1♀ (CAS). Glenemma, Salmon River, July 15, 1949, H. B. Leech, 23 (CAS). Merritt, August 3, 1931, R. H. Beamer, 1♀ (KU). Selkirk Mts., July 1, 1918, J. C. Bradley, 13 (CAS). Shuswap Lake, July 30, 1930, R. L. Usinger, 23 (UCB). Shuswap Lake, Salmon Arm, July 14, 1949, H. B. Leech, 23 (CAS). Terrace, June 23, 1978, N. L. H. Krauss, 23 (AMNH). Victoria , July 31, 1918, W. Downes, 23 (USNM). Manitoba: Swan River, August 2, 1937, R. H. Beamer, 23 (KU). Newfoundland: Spruce Brook, August 8, 1912, 13 (AMNH). Spruce Brook, August 8, 1912, 103 (AMNH). Nova Scotia: Truro, September 8, 1920, H. M. Parshley, 13 (CAS). Ontario: Ottawa, July 3, 1912, E. P. Van Duzee, 13 (CAS). Toronto, July 1, 1978 – July 2, 1978, R. S. Peigler, 303, 10♀ (TAMU). Quebec: 30 mi N of New Richmond, Cascapedia River, Gaspe, August 1, 1983, W. Middlekauff, 43 (CAS). Joliette, July 10, 1900, J. Ouellet, 13, 1♀ (TAMU). La Potardiere, Parc de la Gaspesie, Camping de la Riviere, 650 m, July 17, 1995, M. C. Schwartz, Lathyrus sp. (Fabaceae) , 83, 4♀ (CNC). La Potardiere, Parc de la Gaspesie, Secteur Mont Albert, 650 m, July 17, 1995, M. D. Schwartz, Melilotus sp. (Fabaceae) , 103, 8♀ (CNC). USA.— Alabama: Madison Co.: near Huntsville, Green Mountain, May 29, 1995, D. A. Rider, 13, 3♀ (DAR). California: Del Norte Co. : 1 mi S of Crescent City, July 11, 1979, R. T. and Joe Schuh, Spiraea douglasii (Rosaceae) , 43, 10♀ (AMNH). Siskiyou Co.: 9 mi E of McCloud, Ash Creek Ranger Station, 3500 ft, June 10, 1974, J. Doyen, 13 (UCB). Colorado: Archuleta Co.: 14 mi NE of Pagosa Springs, August 16, 1969, H. M. Ohlendorf, 13, 1♀ (TAMU). 16 mi N of Pagosa Springs, June 24, 1964, H. R. Burke, 13 (TAMU). Pagosa Springs, August 12, 1925, H. H. Knight, 43 (USNM). Boulder Co.: 2 mi W of Boulder, August 8, 1973, J. C. Schaffner, 13 (TAMU). 6 mi W of Boulder, August 12, 1973, J. C. Schaffner, 23 (TAMU). Denver Co.: Denver, July 12, 1900, E. P. Van Duzee, 23 (CAS). Gunnison Co.: 2 mi W of Gunnison, 7600 ft, July 17, 1986, R. T. Schuh, 13 (AMNH). Jackson Co.: 2 mi E of Gould, August 5, 1975, J. C. Schaffner, 23 (TAMU). 3 mi N of Gould, August 18, 1968, P. W. Oman, 1♀ (OSU). Jefferson Co.: Deer Creek Canyon, 6500 ft, July 11, 1986, R. T. Schuh and J. T. Polhemus, Pinus ponderosa (Pinaceae) , 13 (AMNH). North Turkey Creek Park near Tenders, 6200 ft, July 16, 1983, D. A. and J. T. Polhemus, 13 (JTP). Red Rocks Park near Morrison, 5600 ft, July 15, 1983, R. T. Schuh and D. A. Polhemus, 1♀ (AMNH). Waterton, Platte River, 5350 ft, July 11, 1986, R. T. Schuh and J. T. Polhemus, Salix interior (Salicaceae) , 2♀ (AMNH). La Plata Co.: 5 mi W of Durango, August 15, 1973, J. C. Schaffner, 13 (TAMU). Larimer Co.: 3 mi S of Estes Park, August 2, 1997, J. C. Schaffner, 13 (TAMU). Glen Haven, July 22, 1946, P. B. Lawson, 503, 47♀ (KU). Pingree Park, August 15, 1924, Drake and Hottes, 13, 1♀ (USNM). Montrose Co.: 15 mi SW of Montrose, August 13, 1987, T. J. Henry, 23 (USNM). Pitkin Co.: Aspen, July 24, 1919, 13 (AMNH). Rio Blanco Co.: Meeker, July 20, 1919, 1♀ (AMNH). Rio Grande Co.: 10 mi SW of Baxterville, August 20, 1969, H. R. Burke, 23, 2♀ (TAMU). Saguache Co.: 17 mi S of US 50 on Colorado Rt 114, August 30, 1980, D. A. and J. T. Polhemus, 13 (JTP). Summit Co.: S end of Green Mountain Reservoir, August 12, 1973, S. Szerlip, 13 (UCB). Connecticut: East Hartford, Tunxis State Forest, July 20, 1970, F. P. Maroney, 53 (AMNH). Storrs, July 23, 1954, J. A. Slater, 53 (AMNH). Georgia: Clarke Co.: Athens, May 18, 1974, C. W. Fisher, 13 (TAMU). Union Co.: Suches, May 31, 1945, P. W. Fattig, 13 (USNM). Idaho: Benewah Co.: 2 mi W of Santa at Jct. Rts 3 & 6, Picnic Area, 2800 ft, August 6, 1986, Schuh, Schwartz, Stonedahl, Symphoricarpos sp. (Caprifoliaceae) , 5♀ (AMNH). Blaine Co.: Bellevue, July 30, 1932, W. E. Shull, 13 (USNM). Bonneville Co.: 5 mi SE of Palisades, Big Elk Creek Campground, July 21, 1988, R. Wharton, 23, 3♀ (TAMU). Franklin Co.: Cub River Canyon, August 13, 1974, G. F. Knowlton, 13, 1♀ (OSU). Cub River Canyon, July 21, 1982, G. F. Knowlton, 13 (USU). Willow Flat, August 24, 1973, G. F. Knowlton and R. K. Cazier, 23, 1♀ (USU). Fremont Co.: St. Anthony, August 23, 1948, E. I. Schlinger, 1♀ (UCD). Kootenai Co.: Lake Coeur d’Alene, July 15, 1925, E. H. Nast, 1♀ (CAS). Latah Co.: 5 mi E of Harvard, Palouse River, July 3, 1966, W. Gagne and J. Haddock, 1♀ (UCB). Oneida Co. : Rock Creek, July 23, 1971, G. F. Knowlton, 13 (USU). Shoshone Co.: 3 mi NW of Clarkia on Rt 3, Cedar Creek Rec. Area, 2700 ft, August 6, 1986, Schuh, Schwartz, and Stonedahl, 9♀ (AMNH). 3 mi NW of Clarkia on Rt 3, Cedar Creek Rec. Area, 2700 ft, August 6, 1986, Schuh, Schwartz, Stonedahl, 33, 6♀ (AMNH). Unknown Co.: Wheatland, July 7, 1930, R. L. Usinger, 33, 5♀ (UCB). Indiana: Noble Co.: Sylvan Lake, June 30, 1984, D. A. Rider, 13 (DAR). Iowa: Dickinson Co.: 5 mi W of Milford, June 13, 1963 – June 18, 1963, J. C. Schaffner, 123, 7♀ (TAMU). Iowa Lakeside Lab., July 9, 1963, J. C. Schaffner, 1♀ (TAMU). Iowa Lakeside Lab., June 17, 1963, J. C. Schaffner, Fraxinus pennsylvanica (Oleaceae) , 1♀ (TAMU). Iowa Lakeside Lab., June 17, 1963, J. C. Schaffner, Quercus macrocarpa (Fagaceae) , 13 (TAMU). Emmet Co.: Fort Defiance State Park, July 11, 1963, J. C. Schaffner, 2♀ (TAMU). Story Co.: Ames, June 10, 1928, H. M. Harris, 1♀ (TAMU). Ames, June 11, 1962 – June 21, 1962, J. C. Schaffner, Heracleum maximum (Apiaceae) , 283, 13♀ (TAMU). Ames, June 14, 1926, H. M. Harris, 13 (TAMU). Ames, June 18, 1927 – July 5, 1927, H. G. Johnston, 53, 6♀ (TAMU). Ames, June 24, 1927, H. M. Harris, 13 (TAMU). Ames, June 25, 1947, H. H. Knight, 23, 3♀ (USNM). Tama Co. : Traer, June 30, 1931, G.C.D. and H. M. H., 2♀ (TAMU). Unknown Co.: No specific locality, June 16, 1932, Barker, 1♀ (TAMU). Warren Co.: 1.5 mi E of Hartford, July 5, 1976 – July 6, 1976, J. C. Schaffner, 43 (TAMU). Kentucky: Boone Co.: Big Bone Lick State Park, June 22, 1982, R. Wharton, 13 (TAMU). Maine: Aroostook Co.: Fort Kent, August 19, 1910, H. M. Parshley, 13 (CAS). Piscataquis Co.: Baxter State Park, July 18, 1986, C. B. Barr, 73, 6♀ (LSU). Waldo Co. : Liberty, July 17, 1910, H. M. Parshley, 13 (CAS). Washington Co.: Machias, July 19, 1909, H. M. Parshley, 53 (CAS). Massachusetts: Berkshire Co.: Hartsville, Lake Buel, July 7, 1930, J. R. de la Torre­Bueno, 23 (KU). Essex Co.: Danvers, August 3, 1915, H. M. Parshley, 13, 1♀ (CAS). Norfolk Co.: Wellesley, July 11, 1909, E. P. Van Duzee, 43, 2♀ (CAS). Michigan: Cheboygan Co.: No specific locality, July 10, 1950, H. B. Hungerford, 23 (KU). Minnesota: Cook Co.: Cascade River, August 14, 1922, H. H. Knight, 23 (USNM). Hubbard Co.: Camp Wilderness, July 23, 1995, G. Fauske, 63 (DAR). St. Louis Co.: Ash Lake, July 18, 1972, W. F. Chamberlain, 13 (TAMU). Swift Co.: 3.5 mi SW of Ap­ pleton, Lake Lac Qui Parle, July 21, 1974, B. Tollefson, 13, 1♀ (UCB). Mississippi: Adams Co.: Natchez, May 15, 1931, H. G. Johnston, Aster sp. (Asteraceae) , 113, 8♀ (TAMU). Grenada Co.: Grenada, May 20, 1931, H. G. Johnston, 13, 2♀ (TAMU). Holmes Co.: Tchula, May 18, 1931, H. G. Johnston, 13, 1♀ (TAMU). Lafayette Co.: Oxford, May 22, 1931, H. G. Johnston, 33, 1♀ (TAMU). Leake Co.: Carthage, May 2, 1931, H. G. Johnston, 33, 2♀ (TAMU). Marion Co.: Columbia , May 12, 1931, H. G. Johnston, Carpinus caroliniana (Betulaceae) , 13, 5♀ (TAMU). Pontotoc Co.: Pontotoc, May 27, 1931, H. G. Johnston, Carya sp. (Juglandaceae) , 13, 1♀ (TAMU). Stone Co.: Wiggins, May 29, 1931, J. P. Kislanko, 13 (TAMU). Wiggins, May 5, 1931, H. G. Johnston, 13, 1♀ (TAMU). Unknown Co.: West Valley, May 12, 1931, H. G. Johnston, Ulmus sp. (Ulmaceae) , 23, 4♀ (TAMU). Montana: Flathead Co.: 15 mi W of North Glacier Natl. Park, August 7, 1969, P. W. Oman, 13, 7♀ (OSU). Gallatin Co.: Bozeman, August 13, 1931, R. H. Beamer, 13, 1♀ (KU). Three Forks, July 23, 1983, J. D. Pinto, 23, 2♀ (UCR). Granite Co.: 6 mi S of Drummond on Rt 10A, Hall, 4200 ft, August 9, 1986, Schuh, Schwartz, and Stonedahl, Rosa sp. (Rosaceae) , 1♀ (AMNH). Drummond, August 11, 1931, J. O. Nottingham, 1♀ (KU). Jefferson Co.: Whitehall, August 13, 1931, M. W. Sanderson, 1♀ (KU). Lincoln Co.: 10 mi SE of Fortine, July 15, 1988, R. Wharton, 13 (TAMU). Missoula Co.: Lolo Hot Springs, August 7, 1969, P. W. Oman, 13, 7♀ (OSU). Missoula, July 31, 1920, A. A. Nichol, 13 (USNM). Ravalli Co.: Darby, August 2, 1932, 13 (TAMU). Nebraska: Gosper Co.: Johnson Lake St. Rec. Area, June 30, 1980, K. and R. Schmidt, 5♀ (AMNH). New Hampshire: Belknap Co.: Gilford, July 22, 1973, J. Amaral, 13, 1♀ (TAMU). Coos Co.: Glen House, July 15, 1915, H. M. Parshley, 33 (CAS). Mount Washington, Halfway House, July 28, 1915, H. M. Parshley, 23 (CAS). Unknown Co.: Crawfords, August 3, 1929, H. M. Parshley, 53 (CAS). New Jersey: Sussex Co.: Baleville, June 21, 1981, R. Schmidt, 5♀ (AMNH). New Mexico: Lincoln Co.: Alto, June 24, 1923, K. C. Doering, 13 (KU). Coyote, July 24, 1967, H. R. Burke, 1♀ (TAMU). Mora Co. : Guadalupita Canyon, 4 mi N of Coyote Creek State Park, July 24, 1998, W. Godwin, 13 (TAMU). Otero Co.: 2 mi E of Cloudcroft, July 17, 1979 – August 18, 1979, Delorme, McHugh, Schaffner, 73, 5♀ (TAMU). Cloudcroft, July 27, 1940, D. E. Hardy, 23 (KU). Lincoln National Forest, Slide Group Campground, August 20, 1982, R. Turnbow, 1♀ (TAMU). Rio Arriba Co.: Chama, August 16, 1987, R. S. Peigler, 23, 6♀ (TAMU). San Miguel Co.: Sapello, July 25, 1950, 1♀ (KU). Santa Fe Co. : 8 mi N of Santa Fe , July 25, 1967, H. R. Burke, 13 (TAMU). Taos Co.: Columbine Park Recreation Area, July 24, 1968, J. C. Schaffner, Betula occidentalis (Betulaceae) , 13, 1♀ (TAMU). New York: Cattaraugus Co.: Rock City, July 5, 1915, H. H. Knight, 33 (USNM). Genesee Co.: Batavia, August 10, 1915, H. H. Knight, 13 (CAS). Batavia, July 31, 1915, H. H. Knight, 13, 2♀ (USNM). Hamilton Co.: 7 mi S of Long Lake (town), August 26, 1956, J. C. Schaffner, 23, 5♀ (TAMU). Livingston Co.: Portage, July 27, 1915, H. H. Knight, 13 (USNM). St. Lawrence Co.: Cranberry Lake, July 1, 1919, C. J. Drake, 13 (TAMU). Tompkins Co.: Ithaca, July 8, 1920, H. H. Knight, holotype male ( cuneatus ) (USNM). Ithaca, July 8, 1920, H. H. Knight, holotype male (nigrofemoratus) (USNM). Ithaca, June 27, 1920 – July 7, 1920, H. H. Knight, 153, 5♀ (USNM). Ringwood, July 25, 1928, V. A. Little, 33, 3♀ (TAMU). Unknown Co.: Wanakesa (The Plains), August 3, 1920, C. J. Drake, 1♀ (TAMU). North Carolina: Buncombe Co.: Swannanoa, 3000 ft, July 15, 1919, R. W. Leiby, 33 (USNM). North Dakota: Emmons Co.: Linton, July 23, 1937, R. H. Beamer, 13, 1♀ (KU). Pembina Co.: 9 mi SE of Walhalla, August 15, 1993, D. Cuthrell, 13 (DAR). Ohio: Summit Co.: Barberton, June 22, 1937, L. J. Lipovsky, 13 (KU). Oregon: Benton Co.: Corvallis, behind Crystal Lake Cemetery, July 27, 1979, G. M. Stonedahl, Salix sp. (Salicaceae) , 33, 1♀ (AMNH). Corvallis, July 30, 1959, J. D. Lattin, 13 (OSU). Corvallis, OSU campus, Cordley Hall, July 2, 1979, G. M. Stonedahl, Corylus cornuta (Betulaceae) , 13 (AMNH). Clackamas Co.: Milwaukie, July 12, 1940, Joe Schuh, 1♀ (OSU). near Boring/Sandy, August 4, 1980, P. W. Oman, 13 (OSU). Curry Co.: 15 mi N of Brookings, 60 m, July 11, 1979, R. T. Schuh and Joe Schuh, Rhododendron occidentale (Ericaceae) , 53, 8♀ (AMNH). Brookings, July 6, 1951, B. Malkin, 13 (CAS). Jefferson Co.: Allen Spring, Metolius River, July 27, 1960, K. M. Fender, 13, 1♀ (OSU). Multnomah Co.: Portland, August 12, 1920, A. A. Nichol, 43, 1♀ (USNM). Portland, July 30, 1032, 1♀ (OSU). Polk Co.: 6 mi E of Independence, July 10, 1957, J. D. Lattin, 13 (OSU). Umatilla Co.: Pendleton, July 14, 1931, R. H. Beamer, 13, 1♀ (KU). Unknown Co.: Skappoose, July 31, 1935, K. Gray, 13 (OSU). Washington Co.: 5 mi N of North Plains, August 10, 1960, J. D. Lattin, 1♀ (OSU). Yamhill Co.: Dayton, Dorsey’s Gravel Bar, July 22, 1963, K. M. Fender, 23 (OSU). Grand Island, June 30, 1958, K. M. Fender, 13 (OSU). Pennsylvania: Dauphin Co.: Harrisburg, July 5, 1978, E. U. Balsbaugh, Jr., 23, 4♀ (DAR). Monroe Co.: Long Pond, July 18, 1998, M. D. Schwartz, Spiraea sp. (Rosaceae) , 53, 5♀ (CNC). Northampton Co.: Wind Gap, July 9, 1954, J. W. Green, 2♀ (CAS). South Carolina: Greenville Co.: Greenville, June 2, 1977 – June 4, 1977, R. S. Peigler, Rhus glabra (Anacardiaceae) , 13, 2♀ (TAMU). Greenville, May 27, 1977, R. S. Peigler, 13 (TAMU). South Dakota: Custer Co.: Custer, July 27, 1927, H. H. Knight, 23 (USNM). Tennessee: Hawkins Co.: Church Hill, May 26, 1985, T. J. Henry and A. G. Wheeler, Jr., 43 (USNM). Texas: Brazos Co.: College Station, April 22, 1930, S. E. Jones, 13, 1♀ (TAMU). College Station, April 24, 1930, H. G. Johnston, 103, 5♀ (TAMU). College Station, Central Park, April 25, 1987, T. P. Friedlander, Cirsium horridulum (Asteraceae) , 13, 5♀ (TAMU). Little Brazos River, Hwy 21, May 20, 1970, V. V. Board, 1♀ (TAMU). Gonzales Co.: Palmetto State Park, April 15, 1972, J. C. Schaffner, 53, 6♀ (TAMU). Palmetto State Park, April 17, 1965, J. C. Schaffner, 53, 3♀ (TAMU). Palmetto State Park, April 18, 1970, J. C. Schaffner, Urtica sp. (Urticaceae) , 653, 48♀ (TAMU). Palmetto State Park, April 19, 1969, V. V. Board, 13 (TAMU). Palmetto State Park, April 22, 1970 – May 4, 1970, V. V. Board, 63, 15♀ (TAMU). Palmetto State Park, April 25, 1971, J. C. Schaffner, 23, 9♀ (TAMU). Pal­ metto State Park, April 9, 1967, J. C. Schaffner, 2♀ (TAMU). Palmetto State Park, May 4, 1970, Board, Schaffner, 63, 8♀ (TAMU). Limestone Co.: Old Union Community, April 19, 1998, J. C. Schaffner, 23 (TAMU). Nacogdoches Co.: 2 mi W of Nacogdoches, April 18, 1972, V. V. Board, 203, 6♀ (TAMU). Smith Co.: Tyler State Park, May 9, 1988, R. S. Anderson, 13, 1♀ (TAMU). Travis Co.: Austin, April 29, 1989, R. Wharton, 13 (TAMU). Utah: Cache Co.: Franklin Basin, August 7, 1975, G. F. Knowlton, 1♀ (UCD). Franklin Basin, July 20, 1982, G. F. Knowlton, 23 (USU). Logan, July 15, 1922, E. P. Van Duzee, 13 (CAS). Tony Grove Canyon, July 30, 1974, G. F. Knowlton, 103, 5♀ (USU). Duchesne Co.: Uinta Mountains, Ashley National Forest, Hades Campground, 7400 ft, August 17, 1986, Schwartz and Stonedahl, ex Rosaceae , 6♀ (AMNH). Salt Lake Co.: Wasatch Mts, Hidden Peak, August 13, 1987, D. A. Rider, 2♀ (DAR). Summit Co.: 17 mi E of Kamas, August 5, 1971, Hanson and Knowlton, 23 (USU). Unknown Co.: Rock Springs, July 24, 1943, Knowlton and Maddock, 13 (USU). Utah Co.: Alpine Loop, July 25, 1973, W. J. Hanson, 23 (USU). Diamond Fork Canyon, Palmyra Camp, July 25, 1957, A. H. Barnum, 13, 1♀ (TAMU). Provo, July 20, 1967, H. R. Burke, 43, 2♀ (TAMU). Vivian Park, July 7, 1922, E. P. Van Duzee, 13 (CAS). Wasatch Co.: Uintah Natl. Forest, Buckboard Creek at Rt 35, T4S R9E Sec 17, 8000 ft, August 16, 1986, Schwartz and Stonedahl, 53, 1♀ (AMNH). Wayne Co.: near Torrey, July 12, 1968, W. J. Hanson, 13 (USU). Vermont: Orange Co.: Bradford, July 23, 1973 – July 29, 1973, J. Amaral, 23, 3♀ (TAMU). Orleans Co.: Newport, July 13, 1891, A. P. Morse, 13 (CAS). Virginia: Roanoke Co.: Roanoke, June 12, 1991, E. G. Riley, 13 (TAMU). Washington: Chelan Co.: 13.4 mi W of Chelan, May 19, 1973, P. W. Oman, 13 (OSU). Columbia Co. : Lewis and Clark Park, June 10, 1959, G. W. Byers, 23 (KU). King Co.: Northbend, July 9, 1920, E. P. Van Duzee, 13 (CAS). Okanogan Co.: 15 mi NW of Omak, Salmon Creek, July 7, 1966, W. Gagne and J. Haddock, 13 (UCB). Pierce Co.: Puyallup, July 5, 1935, J. Russell, 2♀ (KU). Skagit Co.: Conway, July 28, 1931, R. H. Beamer, 13, 5♀ (KU). Snohomish Co.: Monroe, July 1, 1905, E. P. Van Duzee, 13 (CAS). Whitman Co.: Pullman, August 29, 1909, J. A. Hyslop, 1♀ (USNM). Wisconsin: Dodge Co.: Beaver Dam, May 31, 1911, W. E. Snyder, 33 (CAS). Wyoming: Albany Co.: 40 mi NE of Laramie, July 13, 1937, R. H. Beamer, 23 (KU). North Fork of Sybille Creek at Hwy 34, 6000 ft, July 30, 1964, H. B. Leech, 1♀ (CAS). Carbon Co.: 10 mi E of Medicine Bow, July 27, 1960, L. A. Stange, 13 (UCD). Cody Co.: Valley, A­Z Ranch, August 1, 1971, S. Frommer, 1♀ (UCR). Lincoln Co.: 12 mi SE of Smoot, August 7, 1974, Knowlton and Hanson, 13 (USU). Niobrara Co. : Lusk, July 14, 1937, R. H. Beamer, 13 (KU).

Figures

Fig. 10. Habitus figures of Nearctic Plagiognathus spp. (see p. 263 for localities).

Fig. 18. Antennal segments 1 and 2 of Nearctic Plagiognathus spp.

Fig. 29. Male genitalia of Nearctic Plagiognathus spp. fl flange.

Fig. 34. Plagionathus obscurus, male, scanning micrographs. A. Lateral view of head. B. Metathoracic spiracle and metathoracic scentgland evaporatory area. C. Hemelytral vestiture.