Biannulata Samaai, Gibbons & Kelly, 2006

Kelly, Michelle, Sim-Smith, Carina, Stone, Robert, Reiswig, Toufiek Samaai Henry & Austin, William, 2016, New taxa and arrangements within the family Latrunculiidae (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida), Zootaxa 4121 (1), pp. 1-48 : 14

Subgenus Biannulata Samaai, Gibbons & Kelly, 2006

Type species. Latrunculia kaakaariki Alvarez, Bergquist and Battershill, 2002 .

Diagnosis. Latrunculia species in which the anisodiscorhabd microscleres have only two distinct whorls of projections around the shaft, the median and subsidiary whorls, between the undifferentiated manubrium and basal whorl, and the undifferentiated apical whorl and apex. The manubrium and basal whorl are indistinguishable, forming a cuff of irregularly distributed spines that are themselves lightly and irregularly spined. The apical whorl and apex are also indistinguishable, forming a tuft of irregularly distributed spines that are smooth or lightly and irregularly spined. The whorls are frequently composed of robust spines that are themselves lightly and irregularly spined, the primary spines are arranged horizontally around the shaft and may be grouped into sectors. The megascleres may be lightly and irregularly spined along the shaft (after Samaai et al. 2012).

Remarks. Fig 1 B illustrates the diagnostic microscleres that define subgenus Biannulata . Figure 16 Q–AF illustrate the diagnostic anisodiscorhabds for living species of the subgenus Latrunculia (Biannulata) .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Comparison of microsclere morphology in family Latrunculiidae (not to scale): A. Anisodiscorhabd form in subgenus Latrunculia (Latrunculia) du Bocage, 1869 (type species L. (L.) bocagei Ridley & Dendy, 1886), showing the six substructures that characterise the anisodiscorhabds, whether differentiated or undifferentiated: m = manubrium, bw = basal whorl, mw = median whorl, sw = subsidiary whorl, aw = apical whorl, a = apex; B. Anisodiscorhabd form in subgenus Latrunculia (Biannulata) Samaai, Gibbons & Kelly, 2006 (type species L. (B.) kaakaariki Alvarez et al., 2002); C. Anisodiscorhabd form in subgenus Latrunculia (Uniannulata) subgen. nov. (type species L. (U.) oparinae Samaai & Krasokhin, 2002); D. Isospinodiscorhabd in genus Cyclacanthia Samaai, Govender & Kelly, 2004 (type species C. bellae (Samaai, Gibbons, Kelly & Davies-Coleman, 2003); E. Isochiadiscorhabd in genus Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly, 2002 (type species T. favus Samaai & Kelly, 2002); F. Anisodiscorhabd and amphiclad sceptre in genus Sceptrella Schmidt, 1870 (type species Sceptrella regalis Schmidt, 1870); G. Short anisodiscorhabd and long anisoconicorhabd in genus Latrunclava gen. nov. (type species L. imago gen. et sp. nov.); H. Anisodiscorhabd in genus Bomba gen. nov. (type species B. endeavourensis gen. et sp. nov.). Fig. 1 A, B, D modified and reproduced from Samaai et al. (2006), Samaai et al. (2004) and Samaai et al. (2003), respectively, with permission from Zootaxa (Magnolia Press). Fig. 1 E, F modified with permission from T. Samaai.

FIGURE 16. Comparison of diagnostic anisodiscorhabds in living species of Latrunculia (Latrunculia) du Bocage, 1869, Latrunculia (Biannulata) Samaai, Gibbons & Kelly, 2006, and Latrunculia (Uniannulata) subgen. nov., not to scale: A. L. (L.) triverticillata Alvarez, Bergquist & Battershill, 2002; B. L. (L.) fiordensis Alvarez, Bergquist & Battershill, 2002; C. L. (L.) oxydiscorhabda Alvarez, Bergquist & Battershill, 2002; D. L. (L.) cratera du Bocage, 1869; E. L. (L.) bocagei Ridley & Dendy, 1886; F. L. (L.) basilis Kirkpatrick, 1908; G. L. (L.) brevis Ridley & Dendy, 1886; H. L. (L.) palmata Lévi, 1964; I. L. (L.) ikematsui Tanita, 1968; J. L. (L.) novaecaledoniae Samaai et al., 2006; K. L. (L.) austini Samaai et al., 2006; L. L. (L.) hamanni sp. nov.; M. L. (L.) ciruela Hajdu et al., 2013; N. L. (L.) copihuensis Hajdu et al., 2013; O. L. (L.) verenae Hajdu et al., 2013; P. L. (L.) yepayek Hajdu et al., 2013; Q. L. (B.) kaakaariki Alvarez, Bergquist & Battershill, 2002; R. L. (B.) duckworthi Alvarez, Bergquist & Battershill, 2002; S. L. (B.) procumbens Alvarez, Bergquist & Battershill, 2002; T. L. (B.) wellingtonensis Alvarez, Bergquist & Battershill, 2002; U. L. (B.) kaikoura Alvarez, Bergquist & Battershill, 2002; V. L. (B.) millerae Alvarez, Bergquist & Battershill, 2002; W. L. (B.) spinispiraefera Brøndsted, 1924; X. L. (B.) purpurea Carter, 1881; Y. L. (B.) lunaviridis Samaai, Gibbons, Kelly & Davies-Coleman, 2003; Z. L. (B.) microacanthoxea Samaai, Gibbons, Kelly & Davies-Coleman, 2003; AA. L. (B.) gotzi Samaai, Janson & Kelly, 2012; AB. L. (B.) kerwathi Samaai Janson & Kelly, 2012; AC. L. (B.) algoaensis Samaai Janson & Kelly, 2012; AD. L. (B.) janeirensis Cordonis, Moraes & Muricy, 2012; AE. L. (B.) lincfreesi sp. nov.; AF. L. (B) triloba (Schmidt, 1875); AG. L. (U.) oparinae Samaai & Krasokhin, 2002; AH. L. (U.) velera Lehnert et al., 2006. Fig. 16 A – J, Q – AC reproduced with permission from Zootaxa (Magnolia Press) from Fig. 6 in Samaai et al. (2012), Fig. 16 M – P reproduced with permission from Zootaxa from Fig. 9 in Hajdu et al. (2013), Fig. 16 AD reproduced with permission from Dr Guliherm Muricy, and Fig. 16 AH reproduced with permission from Zootaxa.