Simulium

Anbalagan, Sankarappan, Prasanna, Vimalanathan Arun, Dinakaran, Sundaram & Krishnan, Muthukalingan, 2014, Two new species of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Peninsular India with keys to Peninsular Indian members of the genus Simulium, Zootaxa 3861 (5), pp. 451-465 : 463-464

Keys to Simulium species reported from Peninsular India

Key to 13 Simulium species belonging to three subgenera ( Simulium , Gomphostilbia and Nevermannia ) reported in peninsular India ( Anbalagan et al. 2011) are given below.

Adult females

1. Katepisternum haired ( Gomphostilbia )..................................................................... 2 - Katepisternum bare....................................................................................4 2. Tarsal claw with a small basal tooth............................................................. S. (G.) pattoni - Tarsal claw with a large basal tooth....................................................................... 3 3. Sensory vesicle 0.32 times as long as maxillary palpal segment 3, with medium-sized round opening.. S. (G.) peteri sp. nov. - Sensory vesicle 0.41 times as long as maxillary palpal segment 3, with small-sized round opening.. S. (G.) takaokai sp. nov. 4. Claw with a large basal tooth ( Nevermannia )................................................. S. (N.) aureohirtum - Claw with or without a small basal tooth ( Simulium s. str.)..................................................... 5 5. Claw with a small basal tooth.......................................................................... …6 - Claw simple, without any tooth........................................................................... 7 6. Mid femur yellow........................................................................ .. S. (S.) gurneyae - Mid femur dark brown.................................................................... S. (S.) nilgiricum 7. Scutum without any longitudinal vittae........................................................ S. (S.) nodosum - Scutum with longitudinal vittae.......................................................................... 8 8. Posterior margin of sternite 8 greatly depressed medially forming inverted U-shape; ovipositor valve with a distinct lobe pro-

duced ventrally along inner margin........................................................................ 9 - Posterior margin of sternite 8 gently depressed medially not forming any shape; ovipositor valve without any lobe produced

ventrally along inner margin............................................................................ 11 9. Basal portion of radial vein fully haired...................................................... .. S. (S.) grisescens - Basal portion of radial vein bare......................................................................... 10 10. Hind tibia black with base yellowish........................................................ S. (S.) lineothorax - Hind tibia yellow on basal 1/3 to 2/3, becoming dark brown to black on the rest......................... S. (S.) striatum 11. Ovipositor valves widely separated from each other, with unsclerotized inner margins, which are concave................

..................................................................................... S. (S.) novolineatum - Ovipostior valves close together, with somewhat sclerotized inner margins, which are nearly straight and parallel-sided.... 12 12. Medioposterior corner of ovipositor valve round.................................................. S. (S.) gravelyi

Medioposterior corner of ovipositor valve angular................................................ S. (S.) palniense

Adult males

1. Katepisternum haired ( Gomphostilbia )..................................................................... 2 - Katepisternum bare....................................................................................4 2. Upper eye long facets with 17 vertical columns.................................................. .. S. (G.) pattoni - Upper eye long facets with 12 vertical columns.............................................................. 3 3. Fore basitarsus 6.9 times as long as its greatest width......................................... S. (G.) peteri sp. nov. - Fore basitarsus 5.3 times as long as its greatest width....................................... S. (G.) takaokai sp. nov. 4. Basal portion of radial vein haired ( Nevermannia )............................................. S. (N.) aureohirtum - Basal portion of radial vein bare ( Simulium s. str.)............................................................5 5. Hind basitarsus slender, parallel-sided......................................................... S. (S.) nodosum - Hind basitarsus somewhat to moderately enlarged, not parallel-sided.............................................6 6. Scutum with longitudinal vittae.......................................................................... 7 - Scutum without longitudinal vittae........................................................................ 8 7. Hind femur yellowish on basal 1/3, gradually becoming dark on rest.............................. S. (S.) novolineatum - Hind femur black with base yellow.......................................................... S. (S.) lineothorax 8. Scutum with golden hairs............................................................................... 9 - Scutum with copper-colored hairs........................................................................ 11 9. Ventral plate without teeth on posterolateral margins............................................... S. (S.) gravelyi - Ventral plate with teeth on posterlateral margins............................................................ 10 10. Mid tibia brownish black................................................................... S. (S.) nilgiricum - Mid tibia yellowish gray, gradually darkened apically............................................. S. (S.) gurneyae 11. Ventral plate with teeth on posterolateral margins................................................ S. (S.) palniense - Ventral plate without teeth on posterolateral margins........................................................ 12 12. Hind femur yellowish gray on basal 1/3, gradually becoming darker apically........................... S. (S.) striatum - Hind femur black, with base yellow......................................................... .. S. (S.) grisescens

Pupae

1. Grapnel-like hooklets present on the last abdominal segment ( Gomphostilbia )..................................... 2 - Grapnel-like hooklets absent on the last abdominal segment.................................................... 4 2. Gill with medium-long common basal stalk............................................... S. (G.) takaokai sp. nov. - Gill with short common basal stalk........................................................................ 3 3. Gill with eight filaments of almost same thickness.................................................. S. (G.) pattoni - Gill with eight filaments, of which 2 filaments of ventral pair somewhat thicker than others........... S. (G.) peteri sp. nov. 4. Cocoon with anterodorsal projection ( Nevermannia )........................................... S. (N.) aureohirtum - Cocoon without anterodorsal projection ( Simulium s. str.)...................................................... 5 5. Gill with 3 inflated filaments................................................................. S. (S.) nodosum - Gill with 6, 8 or 10 slender filaments...................................................................... 6 6. Gill with 6 filaments................................................................................... 7 - Gill with 8 or 10 filaments............................................................................. 10 7. Cocoon wall-pocket-shaped............................................................................. 8 - Cocoon shoe-shaped................................................................................... 9 8. Two filaments of ventral pair much thinner than those of middle pair; cocoon with anterodorsal margin not produced anteriorly

beyond apex of ventrolateral margin........................................................... S. (S.) gurneyae - Two filaments of ventral pair as thick as those of middle pair; cocoon with anterodorsal margin much produced anteriorly

beyond apex of ventrolateral margin.......................................................... S. (S.) nilgiricum 9. Dorsal surface of abdominal segment 7 with spine-combs.......................................... S. (S.) palniense - Dorsal surface of abdominal segment 7 without spine-comb......................................... S. (S.) gravelyi 10. Gill with 8 filaments; cocoon with anterolateral window on each side............................. S. (S.) novolineatum - Gill with 10 filaments; cocoon shoe-shaped................................................................ 11 11. Cocoon loosely and elaborately woven, comparatively more so near anterior end where large interspaces between strands are

formed in a pretty pattern................................................... S. (S.) lineothorax & S. (S.) striatum - Cocoon not elaborately woven, with anterior end having a few irregular interspaces in web.............. S. (S.) grisescens