Adenocalymma macrophyllum (Cham.) DC., 1845

Udulutsch, Renata Giassi, Dias, Pedro & Souza, Vinicius Castro, 2016, Rediscovery and new records of Adenocalymma (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae) in Southeastern Brazil, Phytotaxa 245 (4), pp. 281-288 : 285-287

Adenocalymma macrophyllum (Cham.) DC. in Candolle (1845: 199). Fig. 3 .

≡ Bignonia macrophylla Chamisso (1832: 689) . Type: — BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: 1833[2], Sellow s.n. (holotype: B, destroyed!; lectotype K000449341!, designated by Udulutsch et al. 2013b: 638; isotypes: G00133580!, W16645!, W16646!, W16647!).

Shrub, 2.0–5.0 m tall; branchlets brown to light brown when dry, with lenticels, puberulous, glabrescent; trichomes dendritic and yellow; axillary shoot with persistent prophylls; prophylls 0.8–1.2 × 0.2–0.4 cm, oblong to elliptic, falcate, apex acute, base rounded, puberulous, glabrescent, with 2–5 irregularly distributed conspicuous nectar glands, venation inconspicuous. Leaves peciolate; petiole 2.7–15.2 cm long, semiterete, puberulous, glabrescent; lateral petiolules 0.3– 3.8 cm long; terminal petiolule 2.7–15.2 cm long, terete, swollen at apex, puberulous, glabrescent. Tendrils absent. Leaflet blades concolored when dry, opaque, chartaceous, margin non-revolute and non-cartilaginous, venation prominent on both sides, adaxially glabrous or with trichomes only on the veins, puberulous abaxially, glabrescent; lateral leaflets (9.3–11.4–)15.5–31.5 × (1.9–2.0–) 3.9–9.5 cm, lanceolate to elliptic, apex acute to acuminate, base asymmetric, acute to rounded; terminal leaflet (13.4–)19.5–34.5 × (3.3–)5.0– 11.9 cm, elliptic to oblanceolate, apex acuminate to obtuse, base symmetric, acute to rounded. Inflorescence a congested lateral raceme, yellowish when dry; peduncule 0.5–1.2 mm long; rachis 1.5–10.2 cm long, tomentulose, trichomes bifurcate and yellow; nectaries lacking; bracts 8–12 in 4–6 pairs, caducous, 3.2–9.0 × 1.5–4.5 mm, lanceolate, apex acute, venation inconspicuous, puberulous, nectaries lacking; lower bracteoles caducous, 1.1–2.5 × 0.5–1.8 cm, symmetric, ovate, cymbiform, apex acute to obtuse, venation parallelodromous, tomentulose, with 1–3 irregularly distributed nectar glands; upper bracteoles caducous, 0.6–1.3 × 0.4–0.9 cm, symmetric, ovate to obovate, apex acute, venation parallelodromous, tomentulose, with 1–3 irregularly distributed nectar glands. Flowers pedicelate; pedicel 0.4–0.5 cm long, tomentulose. Calyx 0.6– 0.7 × 0.7–0.9 cm, campanulate; lobes 1.0–2.0 mm long, triangular, tomentulose outside, papillose inside, with 1–3 irregularly distributed nectar glands per lobe. Corolla yellow, infundibuliform, nectaries lacking; tube 3.5–4.6 cm long, 1.0– 1.5 cm wide at the mouth, the cylindric base of the tube 1.0–1.1 × 0.2–0.5 cm, puberulous outside, except for the base, glabrous inside but glandular-tomentose at the level of stamen insertion; lobes 0.7–1.3 × 0.6–1.3 cm, rounded to obovate, apex rounded to retuse, puberulous on both sides. Stamens 4, included, longer filaments 2.0– 2.5 cm long, shorter filaments 1.5–1.7 cm long, glabrous; anthers 4.0 mm long; staminode 6.0– 6.5 mm long, ovate at apex, membranaceous, glabrous. Disc 1.4–1.5 × 2.8–3.2 mm. Ovary 3.5–5.2 × 1.6–2.7 mm, obovoid, apex puberulous, with nectar glands at apex, distributed in longitudinal rows, 2–4 per row, two rows per carpel; ovules biseriate, 9–14 per series; style 3.2–3.6 cm long, apex and base puberulous; stigma 2.2–2.9 × 2.0– 2.1 mm, elliptic, glabrous. Fruit light brown to paleaceous when dry, cylindric, wingless; valves 9.7–20.1 cm long, 2.8–3.3 cm wide, 1.8–2.5 mm thick, apex acute, rugulate with conspicuous and salient nectar glands on the surface, midvein conspicuous and salient, puberulous. Seeds wingless, paleaceous to brown when dry, 1.4–2.0 com long, 1.5–2.0 cm wide, 1.1–1.4 cm thick, hilum white to pale brown, 0.6–1.1 × 1.5–2.2 cm.

Specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Cariacica, Mata Atlântica , 24 September 1989, Vieira s.n. ( VIES 4702-3 , HRCB 33512 ) ; Santa Teresa, Estrada entre Santa Teresa e Nova Lombardia, sítio do Sr, Alcebíades, 4 February 1985, Peixoto 3462 ( RBR, HRCB) ; 9 February 1999, Kollmann 1856 ( MBML, HRCB) ; 13 January 1999, Kollmann 1539 ( MBML, HRCB) ; 10 April 1941, Mello Filho 23 ( R). Minas Gerais: São João Nepomuceno , Serra dos Núcleos, solo raso em encosta rochosa, 20 February 2003, Valente 287 ( CESJ) ; Teixeira Soares, margem esquerda do Rio Paraíba, Fazenda de S. Alda , December 1907, Sampaio 682 ( R). Rio de Janeiro: 1833[2], Sellow s.n. ( G, B, K) ; Barra Mansa, 27 February 2013, Souza et al. 36951 ( ESA) .

Phenology:— Flowering specimens were collected from December to next February and fruiting in February, April, and September.

Distribution, habitat and conservation status:— Adenocalymma macrophyllum is distributed in southeastern Brazil ( Fig. 2 ), occurring in Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, and Rio de Janeiro states This species occurs predominantly in the Atlantic rainforest, but some specimens have been collected in seasonal forests. During the collecting expeditions, A. macrophyllum was rediscovered in Rio de Janeiro (Barra Mansa city) since the type collection made in Rio de Janeiro in 1832. However, it is worthy to emphasize that this species has been found in a forest remnant near a sand mining site and urban areas, which facilitate antropic interference in the area, favoring the extinction of the species in the state of Rio de Janeiro.

According to IUCN (2012a), A. macrophyllum should be considered vulnerable VU B1ab(iii), because its extent of occurrence is estimated less than 20,000 Km², and the areas is severely fragmented (this species is found in only nine florest fragments). However, in Rio de Janeiro state, this species can be considered critically endangered CR B2ab(iii), as it has only one single known population and area of occurrence (AOO) of up to 10 km ( IUCN 2012a, b).

Notes:— Morphologically, A. macrophyllum is most similar to A. flavum Mart. ex de Candolle (1845: 202) in its shrubby habit and inflorescence with yellowish trichomes, but differs from the latter by leaflets puberulous and trichomes dendritic (not glabrous), corollato 4.6 cm long(not longer than 7cm) and ovary with nectaries arranged in longitudinal rows (not lacks nectaries). The epithet “ macrophyllum ” reffers to the large size of the leaflets.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Distribution of Adenocalymma bullatum (squares), A. cinereum (stars), and A. macrophyllum (circles).

FIGURE 3. Adenocalymma macrophyllum. A. Flowering shoot. B. Axillary shoot prophyll. C. Bract. D. Lower bracteole. E. Upper bracteole. F. Disc and ovary. G. Ovary, longitudinal section showing two series of ovules. H. Fruit. I. Seed. (VIES 4702-3). Drawn by Renata G. Udulutsch from from Mello Filho 23 (A–G) and Vieira s.n. (H–I).