Pogonognathellus belmontorum, Park, Kyung-Hwa, Bernard, Ernest C. & Moulton, John K., 2011

Park, Kyung-Hwa, Bernard, Ernest C. & Moulton, John K., 2011, Three new species of Pogonognathellus (Collembola: Tomoceridae) from North America, Zootaxa 3070, pp. 1-14 : 2-6

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.207295
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6192424
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F8F965-B33B-F03C-50BD-F988FE5E9636
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Pogonognathellus belmontorum
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Pogonognathellus belmontorum n. sp.

( Figs. 1 View FIGURE 1 , 2 View FIGURE 2 , 7 View FIGURE 7 A, E–G)

Maximum length 5 mm. Scaled individuals largely brown to greyish brown, weakly iridescent anteriorly ( Figs. 1 View FIGURE 1 A–C); scales on posterior of terga with silver-grey and brown rows of scales of variable intensity; light and dark scales on terga IV–VI alternating to form a checkerboard-like pattern ( Figs. 1 View FIGURE 1 D–F). Bothriotrichal sockets surrounded by a few white scales forming small but distinct white spots ( Figs. 1 View FIGURE 1 D–F). Cuticle ivory to pale yellow, becoming paler in preserved specimens ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 G). Clypeus ivory to light yellow-orange; interantennal region pigmented, pattern varying from several symmetrical dots ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 H) to complete M-shaped figure. Eye patches dark blue to black, roughly triangular. Small pigmented spot directly posterior to eyespot. Antennal bases purple. Antennal segments I–II pale to light violet, III–IV grey-violet. Coxae, trochanters, and femora pale or speckled with orange pigment; tibiotarsi light purple. Furcula and ventral tube ivory to pale yellow. Posterior half of Abd. IV tergite and tergites of Abd. V–VI often light orange-brown.

Eyes 6+6. Antennae slightly shorter than body, up to 0.9 times body length. Fourth segment fusiform, without strongly projecting apex, with 9–11 subsegments; with rod-like sensilla scattered sparsely along its length ( Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 E); pin seta stout, finely rounded at tip, with proximal spur ( Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 F); stout spike-like seta anterior to pin seta; one truncate sensillum near apex with associated hooked setae and rod-like sensillum slightly behind hooked setae ( Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 F). More proximally, several rod-like sensilla of various lengths; longer setae composed of thin sensilliform setae with rounded tips and pointed sensilliform setae in weakly defined sockets. Apex of Ant. III with truncate sensillum and associated hooked seta, one pair of plump sensilla, an additional plump sensillum, and several rod-like sensilla; longer setae consisting of typical setae and slender, round-tipped sensilliform setae ( Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 G).

Left mandible with 5 distal teeth, right mandible with 4 distal teeth ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 E). Maxilla ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 F) with broad lamella 1 bearing many rows of strong, curved, rake-like denticles behind apical border of fine cilia; lamella 2 with two regular rows of curved coarse rakes followed by a proximal field of finer denticles; lamella 5 without prominent proximal beard-like projection but with elongated basal teeth.

Unguis with 3 inner teeth in basal half, close to one another, distal tooth proximal to unguiculus tip ( Figs. 2 View FIGURE 2 B, C); wavy internal ridging prominent. Unguiculus lanceolate, gradually becoming acuminate distally, with one inner tooth midway from inner base ( Figs. 2 View FIGURE 2 B, C). Tenent hair stout, clavate, longer than inner margin of unguis. Spinelike setae absent on inner side of fore and mesotibiotarsi ( Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 A), 2 spine-like setae on metatibiotarsus ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 G). Pretarsal setae finely ciliate.

Manubrium dorsally with hyaline, acuminate macrochaetae. Dens with broad, striated, scale-like spine at inner base. Dental spines brown, smooth to finely striate, terminal spines considerably longer than others, formula 0–1, 2 /6–9, 2, usually 2 /6–8, 2 ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 H), number of spines sometimes different on each side. Mucro ( Figs. 2 View FIGURE 2 I, J) elongate with basal lamella and 7–13 intermediate denticles. Dorsal basal tooth less than one-fourth the length of mucro from base, in line with lamella; outer basal tooth level with basal lamella. Terminal teeth subequal.

Head with 2+4 antero-medial macrochaetae, 3+3 interocular macrochaetae, 2+2 postocular macrochaetae and 2+2 posterior cephalic macrochaetae ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 A). Tergal macrochaetal formula on each side 10,3/3,3,6,3,3; Abd. III with 2+2 anterior and 4+4 posterior macrochaetae; Abd. IV with 1 pair of anterior and 2 pairs of posterior macrochaetae ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 D). Caudal macrochaetae of Abd. VI short and straight, about same length as segment; macrochaetae of Abd. V long and curved, more than half the length of Abd. IV–VI, directed caudally. Tenaculum with 1 seta.

Etymology. This species is named with pleasure for Michael, Nicholas and Sophia Belmont, benefactors of Discover Life in America (www.dlia.org), the governing body of the All-Taxa Biodiversity Inventory in Great Smoky Mountains National Park.

Type specimens. Holotype female and 5 paratypes, North Carolina, Swain County, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Enloe Cemetery, 290707 E 3932327N, moist leaf litter, 18 March 2008, K.-H. Park, coll.; 1 paratype (designated 189 in Felderhoff [2007], partial DNA sequence GenBank GU169367 View Materials ), same location, leaf litter from riparian zone, 3 April 2006, K. L. Felderhoff & M. MacCarroll, coll.; 35 paratypes, Tennessee, Sevier County, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Rainbow Falls trailhead, 5 November 2008, K.-H. Park & E. C. Bernard, coll.

Type deposition. Holotype and 8 paratypes in INHS, 5 paratypes in GRSM Park Museum, remaining paratypes in UTIC.

Additional material. One specimen, North Carolina, Haywood County, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Cataloochee, 17S 0 305500 3926814, elev. 1018 m, in plant detritus on rocky seep, 20 October 2008, K.-H. Park, coll. Specimens from North Carolina, Jackson County, Blue Ridge Parkway: 7 specimens, Cranberry Ridge Overlook, 17S 0 305497 3926812, elev. 1,660 m, among grasses, moss, dead leaves below rocky vertical seep, 20 October 2008, K.H. Park, coll.; 5 specimens, about 800 m west of Soco Gap, moist but not saturated litter below seeps, 35,52541 -83.233967, 21 May 2008, E. C. Bernard, coll.; 1 specimen, Roy Taylor Forest overlook, 35° 22.716N 83° 800.830W, elev. 1,737 m, open hillside east of parking lot, Vaccinium sp. and bright green moss, 21 May 2008, E. C. Bernard, coll. Specimens from other states: 8 specimens, Tennessee, Sullivan County, Cherokee National Forest, Jacobs Creek Recreation Area, 36.5788N 81.9861W, elev. 487 m, 11 June 2008, leaf litter, K.H. Park, coll.; 3 specimens, Alabama, Winston County, seep near crossing of Route 95 and County Road 8, 8 May 2005, J. K. Moulton, coll.; 5 specimens, Florida, Nassau County, Amelia Island Plantation, 12 December 2008, E. Bernard, coll.

Diagnosis. Pogonognathellus belmontorum n. sp. lacks spine-like setae on the fore and mesotibiotarsi and long spines in the middle of the dental spine row, but possesses anterior macrochaetae on Abd. IV; therefore, it is a member of the pale/grey clade as defined by Felderhoff et al. (2010). It is distinct from all other described members of its clade by the proximal position of the ungual teeth and the presence of 1 tenacular seta. Pogonognathellus beckeri Börner , a Japanese species, also has 3 proximal ungual teeth but possesses 6–9 tenacular setae and has a bearded maxilla ( Yosii 1967). This arrangement is similar to that of P. magnibrunneus n. sp., described below, but that species is a member of the longicornis clade.

Remarks. The cephalic chaetotaxy in this species is typical of the longicornis clade rather than the pale/grey clade. The postocular macrochaetae are paired rather than widely separated, and 2+2 posterior macrochaetae are present. Previously examined species of the pale/grey clade have the postocular chaetae well separated and lack the more posterior pair of posterior macrochaetae ( Felderhoff et al. 2010).

In the phylogenetic tree illustrated in Felderhoff et al. (2010), this species is represented by the specimen labeled 189, which appears to be basal to the rest of the pale/grey clade. The collecting locality for this specimen given in Table 1 (as flav189) of that paper is incorrect. The locality for flav189 is Enloe Cemetery, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Swain County, North Carolina. The GenBank accession number for this specimen is GU169367 View Materials .

Typical seta SE Dark, pointed, with well- Entire antenna except apex of Ordinary defined socket fourth segment mesochaetae

Spike-like seta SP Dark, strong, straight, with Near pin seta of fourth segment narrowly rounded tip

Hooked seta SH Dark, distal portion recurved Apex of third and fourth segments

Sensillum-like seta RSS Hyaline, long, thin, tip All of third and fourth segments S-like mesochaewith rounded tip rounded, socket well-defined tae Sensillum-like seta PSS Hyaline, wide at base, taper- Fourth antennal segment with pointed tip ing to point, socket weakly

defined

Plump sensillum PLS Hyaline, broadly oval, short Scattered along third and fourth

segments

Rod-like sensillum RLS Hyaline, parallel-sided Scattered along third and fourth S-chaetae

segments, more abundant at apices Truncate sensillum TRS Blunt, rod-like, minutely Apices of third and fourth seg-

lobed or brush-like at tip ments

The general appearance of ethanol-preserved specimens resembles that of P. flavescens , including specimens provided by Arne Fjellberg ( Sweden) and Mikhail Potapov ( Russia). This new species, which may be widespread in the southeastern states, could account for many of the previous records of P. flavescens from North America. Besides the characters mentioned in Felderhoff et al. (2010) that separate P. flavescens from all North American Pogonognathellus spp, P. flavescens has only few mucronal denticles and the beginning of the denticle row is in the middle third of the mucro ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 K; Fjellberg 2007). The denticles of P. belmontorum n. sp. are more numerous (7– 13) and occupy the entire length of the mucro between basal and subapical teeth. In addition, the outer mucronal basal tooth of P. belmontorum n. sp. is level with the mucronal basal lamella; in P. flavescens , the outer tooth is level with the basal tooth.