Chamaecrista cyclophylla ( Irwin & Barneby 1978: 153 ) Mendes & Silva In Mendes et al. (2020: 178)

Mendes, Thainara Policarpo, Souza, Alessandro Oliveira De & Silva, Marcos José Da, 2021, Taxonomic review of Chamaecrista sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser. Paniculatae (Benth.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae), Phytotaxa 495 (1), pp. 1-64 : 30-33

5. Chamaecrista cyclophylla ( Irwin & Barneby 1978: 153) Mendes & Silva In Mendes et al. (2020: 178) ≡ Chamaecrista claussenii var. cyclophylla ( Irwin & Barneby 1978: 153) Irwin & Barneby, (1982: 655) . ≡ Cassia claussenii var. cyclophylla (1978: 153) . Type: — BRAZIL. Distrito Federal: Cerrado along border of lake, 975 m, Universidade de Brasília, 24 August 1965, (fl., fr.), H.S. Irwin, R. Souza & R. Reis dos Santos 7864 (holotype: UB!; isotypes: C10011956!, F, GH, K000555588!, MO!, P!, RB!, S-R-8799!, SI, UC1418635!, US 00001420!). Figs. 18 and 19

Shrubs 1.5–2.2 m tall, erect or pendent, branched, cespitose or not. Stem and branches waxy and glabrous, cylindrical, erects or pendent, stem and adult branches green-vinaceous, stem and young branches reddish, including petiole, axis of inflorescence and rachis. Stipules caduceus. Leaves 7.5–10.2 cm long, regularly distributed throughout the branches, ascending; pulvinus 3–5 mm long, visibly dilated, not striated; petiole 2.5–6.2 cm long, cylindrical and sulcate above; rachis 3.2–4 cm long, cylindrical and sulcate above; pulvinule 2.2–3.1 mm long; visibly dilated; leaflets (1) 2 pairs, coriaceous; blades 2.7–6.7 × 3–5.8 cm, orbicular and suborbicular, margin entire, plane, glabrous, surface abaxial and adaxial glabrous, base asymmetrically rounded, apex rounded, with mucron, dark-green, opaque; venation brochidodromous, secondary veins 7–10 pairs, yellow; Panicles 0.38–1.25 m long, with 4–16 secondary axis, not geminate, terminal, with flowers laxly distributed, pendent, glabrous or viscous-setulose on apex of the secondary axis, including pedicel, external surface of bacteoles, sepals, buds, ovary and fruits, exserted from the foliage, waxy; Bracts 2–3 × 0.7–1 mm, lanceolate, apex acute, margin entire, yellow, ciliate, persistent. Bracteoles 1.9–2.1 × 0.4–9 mm, oval-lanceolate, apex acute, margin entire, yellow, caduceus. Buds 1–1.4 cm long, ovoid or ellipsoid green with purplish pigmentation, apex obtuse. Flowers 3.2–5 cm long, pedicel 1.6–3.8 cm long, robust, cylindrical; sepals 1–1.4 × 0.3–0.5 cm, elliptic or oblong-elliptical, apex obtuse, yellow with purplish pigmentation; petals 1.3–2.3 × 0.9–1.4 cm, obovate, with the adaxial petal like a standard, one of the inner petals coiled in the androecium; stamens 5.7–6.6 mm long, filaments 1.2–1.5 mm long; anthers 4.5–5.1 mm long, not mucronulate at apex. Ovary 4–8 × 1–1.2 mm, styles 1.3–1.5 cm long, glabrous. Legume 3–5.5 × 0.6–0.8 cm, glabrous or viscous-setulose, light green to vinaceous, narrow-oblong. Seeds 4.9–5 × 5–5.2 mm, largely rhomboids, darkish, smooth, and glossy.

Representative specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Federal District: Brasília, margem do Vale do Córrego Capão , 15°49’S, 47°38’W, 1000 m, 23 June 1982, (fl.), J. H . Kirkbride Jr 4849 ( SP); ib., lado direito (estrada principal) beirando a estrada e pastagens das invasões; Fazenda Sucupira, 15°55’S, 48°01’W, 1070 m, 06 July 1999, (fl., fr.), J. G . Faria & A. A . Santos 274 ( ESA); ib., Fazenda sucupira, 15°52’S, 48°00’W, 1100 m, 06 June 2000, (fl.), E. S. G . Guarino et al. 213 ( ESA); ib., Reserva ecológica do IBGE , 47°’07’’ S, 15°46’41’’W, 1100 m, 10 May 2001, (fl., fr.), M. A . da Silva & D. Alvarenga 5009 ( ESA) . Goiás: Goiânia, Junto ao Morro Santo Antônio , 7 June 1968, (fl., fr.), J. A . Rizzo & A . Barbosa 1316 ( ESA); Silvânia. Estação Florestal experimental-EFLEX, 16 June 1995, (fl.), H . D. Ferreira et al. 2885 ( ESA, UFG); ib., Floresta Nacional de Silvânia , trilha a direita da entrada da sede paralela a trilha alternativa, 12 August 2013, A. O . Souza , L L. C . Antunes 620 ( UFG), 621 ( UFG); GO-457, cerca de 18 km de Silvânia, ao lado do posto da Polícia Rodoviária Federal, 16°38’40’’S 48°43’2.1’’W, 597 m, 12 May 2016, (fl., fr.), T. P . Mendes , J. A . Oliveira & R. C . Sodré 90 ( UFG), 91 ( UFG), 92 ( UFG), 93 ( UFG), 94 ( UFG), 95 ( UFG), 96 ( UFG), 97 ( UFG); ib., Trilha acima da entrada, 7 December 2012, A. O . Souza et al. 52 ( UFG); 24 May 2013, A. O . Souza , M. J . Silva & R. C . Sodré 360 ( UFG), 370 ( UFG); Teresina de Goiás, Fazenda Hotel Ecológico Alpes Goianos Rod. GO118 , km 202, 13°53’59’’S, 47°23’49’’W, 31 July 2000, (fl., fr.), V. C . Souza et al. 24711 ( ESA) . Tocantins: Monte do Carmo, Cerca de 50km de Monte do Carmo sentido Ponte alta, estrada de chão, a 23km de Monte do Carmo pela TO 255 , pegar a direita, 10°51’34’’S 47°53’41’’W, 646 m, 19 July 2016, (fl., fr.), T. P . Mendes , J. A . Oliveira , 303 ( UFG), 304 ( UFG), 305 ( UFG); Natividade, Serra da natividade a uns 20 km de Natividade, 12 June 1974, (fl.), J. A . Rizzo 9878 ( ESA, UFG); ib., Serra da Natividade próximo a antena topo da serra, 11°41’37’’S, 47°42’8’’W, 17 June 2000, (fl.), V. C . Souza & G. O . Romão 24054 ( ESA); Ponte Alta do Tocantins, estrada TO 255 , ao leste da cidade, Ca 8km sentido mateiros, 10°41’48’’S 47°29’4’’W 328m. 20 July 2016, (fl., fr.), T. P . Mendes , J. A . Oliveira , 308 ( UFG), 309 ( UFG), 310 ( UFG), 311 ( UFG) .

Geographic distribution and ecology: —Recorded for the states of Goiás and Tocantins and the Federal District (Fig. 27 A). It inhabits in cerrados típicos, cerrados densos and cerrados rupestres (Figs. 1 C, E and F) between 328– 975 meters of altitude, on clayey, sandy soils or on rocky outcrops.

Flowering and fruiting:— Collected with flowers and fruits between May and July.

Etymology: —the specific epithet “ cyclophylla ” refers to the orbicular or circular leaflets of the species.

Conservation status: —Classified as Near Threatened (NT) because it is spread over an area of occurrence of 30,980 km 2, forming small populations (less than 30 mature individuals) and living in places disturbed by anthropic actions or close to cultures agricultural.

Morphological relationships and characterization: —It can be diagnosed by the upright or hanging shrubby habit up to 2.2 m tall with waxy branches, leaves regularly distributed along the stem, two pairs of orbicular leaflets, and long waxy panicles (0.38–1.25 cm long).

Among the other species, Chamaecrista cyclophylla is more morphologically similar to Ch. megacycla in leaves with two pairs of orbicular leaflets, and effuse and pyramidal inflorescences. However, it differs and is diagnosed by its height of 1.5–2.2 m (vs. 0.9–1.7 m), petioles 2.5–6.2 lcm long and glabrous (vs. 5.2–9.4 cm, setulose), leaves regularly distributed in its stem (vs. at the base of the plant), glabrous or viscous-setulose panicles in the secondary branches (vs. setulose in all branches), bracteoles setulose and non-ciliate (vs. bracteoles glabrous and ciliate), buds ovoid or ellipsoid, setulose and green with vinaceous spots (vs. buds ovoid, glabrous and light green).