Gymnocodium? bacillum, Vachard, Krainer & Lucas, 2015

Vachard, D, Krainer, K & Lucas, SG, 2015, Late Early Permian (late Leonardian; Kungurian) algae, microproblematica, and smaller foraminifers from the Yeso Group and San Andres Formation (New Mexico; USA), Palaeontologia Electronica (English ed.) 3 (8), pp. 1-77 : 18-20

Gymnocodium? bacillum n. sp.

Figures 10.11 , 14.5, 14.8, 14.9 , 19.3, 19.7, 19.8, 19.10-19.16 , 20.16

zoobank.org/ D6410A47-1864-4B04-BD65-1367AFF88A0F

v. 1997 Gymnocodium bellerophontis (Rothpletz) ; Vachard et al., figs. 12.2-9.

v. 2013b Gymnocodium sp. 2 ; Vachard, Krainer and Lucas, p. 348 (no illustration).

v. 2013 b Dasycladacean algae; Lucas, Krainer and Voigt, fig. 8D.

Etymology. Latin bacillus, small stick.

Holotype. NMMNH P-67513; Figure 10.11 ; sample SAR 8 a-4.

Material. 42 sections.

Locus Typicus. NMMNH locality 8894; San Andres Formation, reference section near Rhodes Canyon in the San Andres Mountains (New Mexico).

Stratum Typicum. Late? Kungurian (latest Leonardian).

Diagnosis. A Gymnocodium ? characterised by small, stick-shaped segments, relatively well-preserved medullar zone, and moderately wide deltoid terminations.

Description. The thallus is small (L = 1.75-3.00 mm, w = 0.50-0.90 mm), segmented, and our material is composed of individualized stick-shaped segments. They are tapering to subcylindrical. Numerous tangled, thin medullar tubes are often preserved. Oblique cortical simple siphons with terminal deltoids (= utricles) (p = 0.01-0.02 mm). Conceptacles not observed.

Remarks. In our material, some specimens of this species are relatively similar to Gymnocodium ? johnsonii n. sp. (e.g., compare the Figures 19.7 and 19.9 ), but differ by their smaller deltoids, other are relatively similar to true Gymnocodium ( Figure 19.8-19.11 ) but more tapering. On the other hand, G.? bacillum n. sp. differs from a true Gymnocodium like G. bellerophontis by its smaller dimensions and well-preserved medullar zones, and from Siamporidium minum (sic; probably minimum) Endo, 1969 by a less lanceolate test, well preserved medullar zone, and less ramified cortical siphons.

Occurrence. Artinskian/Kungurian of Guatemala. Kungurian of New Mexico (Yeso Group, Los Vallos Formation, Torres Member: samples MG 10-11, MG(2) 12-2; San Andres Formation: samples SAR 2-5, SAR 7-8, SAR 8-8, SAR(2) 8-9, SAR 8-14, SAR(2) 8-20, SAR 8a-3, SAR 8a-4, SAR 8a-15, SAR 8a-16, SAR 8a-23, SAR 8a-26, SAR 13-6).

Undetermined Chlorophyta

Figures 10.7, 10.8 , 11.5 , 13.2, 13.9 , 16.3-16.5 , 17.1-17.4, 17.7 , 20.18

v. 2013 b Undetermined mastoporean? dasyclads; Vachard, Krainer and Lucas, p. 348 (no illustration).

Description. The fragments measure: L = 0.50- 1.43 mm; w = (0.09)- 0.17-0.38 mm; they display the classical aspect of large, spherical, broken epimastoporacean thalli. The shapes of the laterals are variable in sections ( Figure 16.3-16.4 ). The siphons or laterals are ovoid and measure 0.03- 0.04 mm in diameter and up to 0.20 mm long. The L2 are cup-shaped (proximal diameter = 0.03-0.04 mm; distal diameter = 0.05-0.10 mm).

Material. 37 specimens; illustrated are NMMNH P 67514 , 67515 , 67516 .

Remarks. Some sections are relatively similar to those of Wagonella Mamet and Préat, 1992 from the Middle Devonian of Belgium (compare Figure 13.9 with the holotype of Wagonella). They differ from Wagonella by the shape of the laterals (cylindrical and not acrophore); and on the other hand, that might correspond to a peculiar and extreme taphonomic transformation of Boueina ? crassiundia ( Figures 10.8 , 11.5 , 16.4 ).

Occurrence. Early? and middle? Kungurian of New Mexico (Yeso Group, Los Vallos Formation, Torres Member: samples MG(2) 10-11a, MG 10- 19, MG 10-27, MG(2) 12-1, MG 12-2, MG 12-3, MG 12-3a; San Andres Formation, McLeod Hills (lower part): samples MLY 5-2, MLY 5-2a, MLY(2) 5-18, MLY(2) 5a-6a, MLY(2) 6-9, MLY(2) 6-9a, MLY(2) 6-10, MLY 6-20, MLY(2) 6-24, MLY(2) 6- 26).

Figures

FIGURE 10. 1-3. Ellesmerella rara n. sp. 1. NMMNH P-67501, holotype and microfacies. Yeso Group. Sample MG 13c. 2. NMMNH P-67501, detail of holotype. Yeso Group. Sample MG 13d. 3. NMMNH P-67502, paratype encrusting the concavity of a bivalve shell. Yeso Group. Sample MG 13i. 4-6. Boueina? tubulata n. sp. 4. NMMNH P-67504, paratype. Oblique section with two medullar siphons (left) and numerous cortical siphons. San Andres Fm. Sample MLY(2) 5-17. 5. NMMNH P-67503, holotype. Axial section. San Andres Fm. Sample MLY(2) 6-12. 6. NMMNH P- 67505, paratype. Axial section. San Andres Fm. Sample MLY(2) 6-19b. 7-8. Undetermined Chlorophyta. 7. NMMNH P-67514, subaxial section with possible connections between two orders of siphons or of laterals L1 and L2 (top, right). Yeso Group. Sample MG(2) 12-1. 8. Oblique section with distal parts of siphons or laterals. San Andres Fm. Sample MLY(2) 6-9. 9-10. Gymnocodium? johnsonii n. sp. 9. NMMNH P-67509, holotype. Longitudinal section. Yeso Group. Sample MG(2) 12-4. 10. NMMNH P-67510, paratype. Compressed longitudinal section. Yeso Group. Sample MG(2) 12-12. 11. Gymnocodium? bacillum n. sp. NMMNH P-67513, holotype. Longitudinal section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 8a-4.

FIGURE 14. 1-4, 10. Boueina? crassundia n. sp. 1. Axial section through dilated deltoid terminations. San Andres Fm. Sample MLY(2) 6-16. 2. Oblique section through the siphons. San Andres Fm. Sample MLY(2) 5a-25. 3. Tangential sections of the siphons. Yeso Group. Sample MG(2) 12-5. 4. Subaxial sections of cortical siphons. San Andres Fm. Sample MLY(2) 6-7. 10. Subaxial section showing medullar and cortical siphons. San Andres Fm. Sample MLY(2) 5a- 19a. 5, 8-9. Gymnocodium? bacillum n. sp. 5. Tangential section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR(2) 8-9. 8. Axial section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR(2) 8-20. 9. Axial section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR(2) 8-14. 6-7, 11. Gymnocodium? johnsonii n. sp. 6. Axial section. Yeso Group. Sample MG(2) 12-13. 7. Subaxial section without calcified medullar zone; the internal sediment contains an Eotuberitina reitlingerae Miklukho-Maklay, 1958. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR(2) 8-17. 11. Axial section completely recrystallized. San Andres Fm. Sample MLY(2) 6-14.

FIGURE 19. 1-2, 4-6, 9. Gymnocodium? johnsonii n. sp. 1. Subaxial section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 2-1. 2. Tangential section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 2-2. 4. Subaxial section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 2-3. 5. Tangential section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 2-4. 6. Subaxial section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 7-9. 9. Subaxial section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 8a-25 (already illustrated in Brose et al., 2013, figure 6.9). 3, 7-8, 10-16. Gymnocodium? bacillum n. sp. 3. Oblique subaxial section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 2-5. 7. Subaxial section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 8a-3. 8. Axial section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 8a-26. 10. Axial section. Yeso. Sample MG(2) 12-2 (already illustrated in Lucas et al., 2013b, figure 8D). 11. Axial section. San Andres. Sample SAR 8-8. 12. Axial section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 13-6. 13. Subaxial section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 8a-16. 14. Subaxial section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 8a-15. 15. Two tangential sections. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 7- 8. 16. Subaxial section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 8a-23.

FIGURE 20. 1-4. Globivalvulina novamexicana n. sp. 1. Subaxial section. Yeso Group. Sample MG 10-18. 2. Subaxial section. Yeso Group. Sample MG 10-19a. 3. Oblique section. Yeso Group. Sample MG 12-1. 4. Recrystallized subaxial section. Yeso Group. Sample MG 12-4. 5-8, 10-11. Hemigordiellina aff. simplex (Harlton, 1928). 5. Random section. Yeso Group. Sample MG 10-23. 6. Random section. Yeso Group. Sample MG 12-7. 7. Random section. Yeso Group. Sample MG 12-11. 8. Random section. Yeso Group. Sample MG 12-12. 10. Random section. Yeso Group. Sample MG 12-13. 11. Random section. Yeso Group. Sample MG 12-14. 9. Eotuberitina reitlingerae Miklukho-Maklay, 1958. Axial section with basal disk. Yeso Group. Sample MG 12-12a. 12. Geinitzina indepressa Cherdyntsev, 1914. Subaxial section. Yeso Group. Sample MG 12-13a. 13, 15. Boueina? crassundia n. gen. n. sp. 13. Oblique section. Yeso Group. Sample MG 10-1. 15. Tangential section. Yeso Group. Sample MG 10-10. 14. Palaeonubecularia sp. Subaxial section. Yeso Group. Sample MG 10-5. 16. Gymnocodium? bacillum n. sp. Axial section. Yeso Group. Sample MG 10-11. 17, 19. Gymnocodium? johnsonii n. sp. 17. Two transverse sections. Yeso Group. Sample MG 10-13. 19. Subaxial section. Yeso Group. Sample MG 12-4a. 18. Undetermined Chlorophyta. Subtransverse section through the laterals. Yeso Group. Sample MG 10-19. Scale bars 1-12 equal 0.10 mm; 13-19 equal 0.50 mm.

FIGURE 11. 1-4, 6-7. Boueina? crassundia n. sp. 1. NMMNH P-67506, holotype. Oblique section showing all the types of siphons. San Andres Fm. Sample MLY(2) 6-7a. 2. NMMNH P-67494, paratype. Axial section. San Andres Fm. Sample MLY(2) 5a-13. 3. NMMNH P-67495, paratype. Axial section with medullar siphons. San Andres Fm. Sample MLY(2) 5a-11. 4. NMMNH P-67507, paratype. Oblique section with cortical siphons. San Andres Fm. Sample MLY(2) 6-27. 6. NMMNH P-67507, paratype. Oblique sections with cortical siphons (already illustrated in Brose et al., 2013, figure 6.8). San Andres Fm. Sample MLY(2) 5-9. 7. NMMNH P-67496, paratype. Oblique section with cortical siphons. San Andres Fm. Sample MLY(2) 6-28. 5. Undetermined Chlorophyta. NMMNH P-67516, oblique sections with siphons or L2 and L1 laterals (bottom, left). San Andres Fm. Sample MLY(2) 6-10. 8-9. Gymnocodium? johnsonii n. sp. 8. NMMNH P-67511, paratype. Axial section with well preserved medullar zone. Yeso Group. Sample MG(2) 12-3. 9. NMMNH P-67512, paratype. Axial section more recrystallized than Figure 11.8. Specimen already illustrated in Lucas et al. (2013b, figure 8J). Yeso Group. Sample MG(2) 12-5. 10. Tubiphytes epimonellaeformis n. sp. NMMNH P-67518, a paratype encrusting a productoid spine (left); another paratype (right); and an isolated brachiopod spine (centre). San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 12-3.

FIGURE 13. 1, 4-5, 8, 10. Boueina? crassundia n. sp. 1. Tangential section (right) with Gymnocodium? johnsonii n. sp. (left) and crinoids (centre top and bottom). San Andres Fm. Sample MLY 5-26. 4. Oblique subaxial section showing the siphons of the medullar zone. San Andres Fm. Sample MLY 5-6. 5. Oblique section showing the siphons of the medullar zone. San Andres Fm. Sample MLY 5-18. 8. Axial section with cortical and medullar zones. San Andres Fm. Sample MLY 5-8. 10. Axial section with a well-developed medullar zone but a poorly preserved cortical zone. San Andres Fm. Sample MLY 5-20. 2, 9. Undetermined Chlorophyta. 2. Fragment of a longitudinal section and microfacies (bivalve, top left; Palaeonubecularia sp. (top right); Eotuberitina reitlingerae Miklukho-Maklay, 1958 (right, centre); crinoid (bottom left); Boueina? crassundia n. sp. (bottom right)). San Andres Fm. Sample MLY 5-2. 9. Detail of Figure 13.2; with Eotuberitina reitlingerae Miklukho-Maklay, 1958 (top right). San Andres Fm. Sample MLY 5-2a. 3, 6-7. Boueina? tubulata n. sp. 3. Subaxial section showing the ramified siphons of the medullar zone. San Andres Fm. Sample MLY 5-14. 6. Oblique subaxial section showing some ramifications of the siphons of the medullar zone. San Andres Fm. Sample MLY 5-7b. 7. Axial section with typical cortical and medullar siphons. San Andres Fm. Sample MLY 5-10.

FIGURE 16. 1-2, 6, 8. Boueina? crassundia n. sp. 1. Oblique section. San Andres Fm. Sample MLY 6-13. 2. Subaxial section. San Andres Fm. Sample MLY 6-14. 6. Tangential section. San Andres Fm. Sample MLY 6-30. 8. Atypical oblique section. San Andres Fm. Sample MLY 8-3. 3-5. Undetermined Chlorophyta. 3. Two sections (centre) with Gymnocodium? johnsonii n. sp. (centre bottom and top) and Boueina? tubulata n. sp. (top right). San Andres Fm. Sample MLY 6-20. 4. At least six fragments. San Andres Fm. Sample MLY 6-21. 5. Tangential section. San Andres Fm. Sample MLY 8-5. 7, 9. Gymnocodium? johnsonii n. gen. n. sp. 7. Various sections associated with Globivalulina parapiciformis n. sp. (bottom, left) and G. novamexicana n. sp. (centre). San Andres Fm. Sample MLY 6-32. 9. Subaxial section. San Andres Fm. Sample MLY 6-27.

FIGURE 17. 1-4, 7. Undetermined Chlorophyta. 1. Tangential section. Yeso Group. Sample MG 10-27. 2. Subaxial section. Yeso Group. Sample MG 12-2. 3. Tangential section. Yeso Group. Sample MG 12-3. 4. Subaxial section. Yeso Group. Sample MG 12-8. 7. Oblique subaxial section. Yeso Group. Sample MG 12-3a. 6. Bryozoa. Subaxial section. Yeso Group. Sample MG 12-10. 5, 8-9. Gymnocodium? johnsonii n. sp. 5. Subaxial section. Yeso Group. Sample MG 12-5. 8. Two specimens in subaxial and tangential sections. Yeso Group. Sample MG 12-9 (already illustrated in Lucas et al., 2013b, figure 8H). 9. Subaxial section. Yeso Group. Sample MG 13e.