Parasenegalia skleroxyla (Tussac) Seigler & Ebinger, 2017

Seigler, David S., Ebinger, John E., Riggins, Chance W., Terra, Vanessa & Miller, Joseph T., 2017, Parasenegalia and Pseudosenegalia (Fabaceae): New Genera of the Mimosoideae, Novon 25, pp. 180-205 : 191-192

5. Parasenegalia skleroxyla (Tussac) Seigler & Ebinger , comb. nov.

Basionym: Acacia skleroxyla Tussac, Fl. Antill. 1: 146–148, tab. XXI [21]. 1808 [1808–1813]. Senegalia skleroxyla (Tussac) Seigler & Ebinger, Phytologia 91(1): 28. 2009. TYPE: Antilles. Santo Domingo (holotype, tab. XXI [21] in Tussac [1808]!). Figures 6 , 7 .

Tree to 20 m tall; bark gray to light brown, smooth; twigs light to dark purplish brown, not flexuous, terete, glabrous to lightly puberulent; short shoots absent; prickles absent. Leaves alternate, 60–160 mm long; stipules purplish brown, triangular, symmetrical, flattened, straight, herbaceous, 0.4–0.9 mm long, 0.3– 0.7 mm wide near the base, puberulent, tardily deciduous; petiole flat to rarely adaxially grooved, 8– 28 mm long, puberulent to rarely glabrous; petiolar gland solitary, located on the upper third of the petiole, usually just below the lowermost pinna pair, sessile, oval to orbicular, 0.7–1.8 mm across, apex flattened to depressed, glabrous; rachis flat to rarely adaxially grooved, 35–140 mm long, puberulent, an oval gland 0.4–1.3 mm across between the uppermost 1 to 7 pinna pairs, apex flattened to depressed, glabrous; pinnae (3) 5 to 16 pairs/leaf, 45–95 mm long, 5–10 mm between pinna pairs; paraphyllidia 0.1–0.3 mm long, usually absent; petiolule 0.7–2.2 mm long; leaflets 30 to 65 pairs/pinna, opposite, 0.7–1.6 mm between leaflet pairs, oblong, 4.5–9.5 X 0.9–2.1 mm, glabrous, lateral veins obvious, 1 to 3 veins from the base, base oblique, truncate on one side, margins not ciliate, apex acute to acuminate, midvein subcentral. Inflorescence a loosely 100- to 230-flowered cylindrical spike, 60–150 X 10– 15 mm, 1 to 4 from the leaf axils; peduncles 6–25 X 0.8–1.3 mm, puberulent; receptacle not enlarged, elongated; involucre absent; floral bracts spatulate, 0.3–0.7 mm long, puberulent, early deciduous. Flowers sessile, white to cream (yellowing with age); calyx 5- lobed, 0.7–1.5 mm long, puberulent; corolla 5-lobed, 1.8–2.4 mm long, usually puberulent, lobes 1/4 the length of the corolla; stamens 40 to 80; stamen filaments 4.5–7 mm long, distinct to rarely slightly fused at the base; anther glands present; ovary glabrous, sessile to subsessile, the stipe to 0.2 mm long. Legumes straight, flattened, not constricted between the seeds, oblong, 75–160 X 13–25 mm, coriaceous, transversely striated, glabrous, eglandular, tardily dehiscent along both sutures; stipe 2–7 mm long; apex broadly acute to obtuse, short beaked; seeds uniseriate, no pulp, dark brown, oval to oblong, strongly flattened, narrowly winged, 8–12 X 6–8 mm, smooth; pleurogram U-shaped to circular, covering most of the seed.

Habitat and distribution. Parasenegalia skleroxyla is known from dry desert scrub, semi-dry forest, semi-arid pine forest, thorn-scrub thickets, disturbed second-growth forests, and thickets from sea level to 800 m in the Dominican Republic and Haiti.

Phenology. Parasenegalia from March through August.

skleroxyla

flowers

Local names. Local names include candelón, corbano, and taquito ( Rico Arce, 2007).

IUCN Red List category. Parasenegalia skleroxyla is assessed as Data Deficient (DD) at this time ( IUCN, 2001). This is a common tree of Hispaniola, suggesting that the species is of Least Concern (LC).

Discussion. A common tree endemic to the Dominican Republic and Haiti, Parasenegalia skleroxyla is sometimes confused with P. muricata. Parasenegalia muricata, however, has larger leaflets that exceed 1 0 mm in length, and are more than 4.5 mm wide. Also, P. skleroxyla has 3 0 to 6 5 leaflets/pinna, more than any other member of the genus Parasenegalia , other than P. visco , a species from southern South America with globose inflorescences. Barneby and Zanoni (1 9 8 9) observed that the correct orthography of the specific epithet is skleroxyla , as used by Tussac (1 8 0 8), not scleroxyla.

Specimens examined. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. Azua: 4 km S of Barrreras, 100 m, 14 July 1988, H. D. Clarke & R. Garcıá 28 (ILL, MO); 10 km en el trayecto Tabara Abajo- Barahona, 100–140 m, 30 June 1984, R. Garcıá & N. Alba 38 (MO); Sierra Martıń García , en el Poblado de Barrero, 175 m, 3 Sep. 1986, R. Garcıá & J. Pimentel 1683 (MO); Azua, 9 Mar. 1965, Bro. B. A. Lavastre 1942 (NY); 5 km S of Poblado de Barrero, 30 m, 12 Nov. 1985, J. Pimentel, R. García & G. Caminero 320 (MO); 8 km S of Azua, 29 May 2006, D. S. Seigler, J. T. Miller, C. Riggins, F. Axelrod & T. Clase 14503 (ILL); 8 km S of Azua, 29 May 2006, D. S. Seigler, J. T. Miller, C. Riggins, F. Axelrod & T. Clase 14506 (ILL); betw. Azara & Barahona, Feb. 1971, F. Votava & A. H. Liogier 56X (MO); Sierra Martıń Garcıa ,´W of Barrera, 150–200 m, 14 Nov. 1984, T. Zanoni, M. Mejía, J. Pimentel & R. García 32194 (FTG). Barahona: Apr. 1910, M. Fuertes 187 (F, HBG, MO); Tubano, 19 Mar. 1922, H. von Schrenk 20 (MO); 1 km up stream from mouth of Río Baoruco, 30 m, 20 May 1981, T. Zanoni, M. Mejıá & C. Ramírez 13481 (MO). Distrito Nacional: El Número, 150 m, 27 Apr. 1974, A. H. Liogier & P. Liogier 21615 (F, MO, NY). Independencia: 4 km NW of La Descubierta, 1250 ft., 15 Oct. 1981, M. Mejıá & J. Pimentel B. 17267 (FTG, MO); 2 km S Duvergé on rd. to Puerto Escondido, 40 m, 17 Aug. 1983, T. Zanoni & J. Pimentel 26472 (FTG, MO, NY); 4.7 km S Puerto Escondido, on the rd. to Caseta, 765 m, 20 Mar. 1985, T. Zanoni, M. Mejía, J. Pimentel & R. García 34044 (MO); 4–5 km S Puerto Escondido, on rd. to Aceitillar, 700–800 m, 10 May 1985, T. Zanoni, M. Mejıa,´J. Pimentel & R. Garcıá 34670 (MO). La Altagracía: en la entrada al pueblo de Bayahibe, 10–15 m, 12 June 1994, R. Garcıa ,´F. Jiménez & A. Veloz 5594 (F); Bayahibe, 10–30 m, 15 May 1987, T. Zanoni, J. Pimentel, R. Garcıá & J. Salazar 39331 (FLAS, MO). La Romana: Isla Catalina , 0–10 m, 18 Dec. 1987, T. Zanoni, M. Mejía, R. García & B. Santana 37340 (NY). Monte Cristi: Duran, 390 m, 11 Aug. 1930, E. J. Valeur 462 (F, MO, NY). Pedernales: Loma El Guano, 200 m, 12 Apr. 1985, A. Gentry & M. Mejía 50757 (MO); 5 km NW of Oviedo on rte. 44, 29 May 2006, D. S. Seigler, J. T. Miller, C. Riggins, F. Axelrod & T. Clase 14511 (ILL); 22 km E of Pedernales on rte. 44, 1 June 2006, D. S. Seigler, J. T. Miller, C. Riggins, F. Axelrod & T. Clase 14514 (ILL); Cabo Rojo, 10 m, 28 July 1990, S. A. Thompson, J. E. Rawlins & C. Young 7573 (CM); Cabo Rojo, Feb. 1971, F. Votava & A. H. Liogier 57X (MO); un poco al S del puerto de Cabo Rojo, 25 m, 18 Sep. 1981, T. Zanoni & M. Mejía 16755 (MO); Loma El Guano, 200 m, 25 July 1983, T.Zanoni & J. Pimentel 26344 (FTG, MO); Los Quemados de Basilio, 200 m, 17 Oct. 1989, T. Zanoni, J. Pimentel & A. Cabral 43658 (MO). Peravia: Las Calderas, en Las Dunas, 0–5 m, 8 Feb. 1987, R. Garcıa ,´J. Pimentel & E. García 1929 (MO); San José de Ocoa, El Manaclar, 700 m, 13 July 1978, M. Mejıá 347 (MO); Cabeza de Toro, 9 km N of Baní, 800 ft., 6 May 1981, M. Mejía, C. Ramıréz & S. Pelaez 13254 (F, FTG, MO). Santiago: El Castillo, Rincón Largo, 200 m, 28 July 1968, J. J. Jiménez 5515 (NY); en la orilla del Rıó Guanajuma, 225 m, 24 Apr. 1991, T. Zanoni & J. Hager 45102 (MO). San Juan: Candelón, 1938, J. G. Scarff 4 (F); López, Candelón, 8 May 1887, von Eggers 1832 (BM, HBG). HAITI. Artibonite: vic. of Gros Morne, 235 m, 19 Feb. 1926, E. C. Leonard 10002 (CM). Nord-Ouest: Port-de-Paix, 29 June 1925, E. L. Ekman 4432 (F, MO); Mole Rd., vic. of Jean- Rabel, 27 Jan.–9 Feb. 1929, E. C. Leonard & G. M. Leonard 12617 (MO); 10 km E of Baie de Henne, 40 m, 10 June 1985, T. Zanoni, M. Mejía & R. Garcıá 35085 (NY). Ouest: hills N of Glore, 600 m, 22 July 1924, E. L. Ekman 1057 (DAV, MO); Ile La Gonave, Pointe-à-Raguettes, 10 Aug. 1927, E. L. Ekman 8867 (DAV); Gonave Island, near Saline Madame Doisy Pointe-à-Raquette, 10 Aug. 1927, J. Eyerdam 144 (F). Sud-Est: vic. of La Vallée, Tortue Island, 28 Dec. 1928–9 Jan. 1929, E. C. Leonard & G. N. Leonard 11281 (NY).

Figures

Figure 6. Parasenegalia skleroxyla (Tussac) Seigler & Ebinger. —A. Inflorescence. —B. Leaf, adaxial view. —C. Petiolar gland. —D. Flower. —E. Leaflet, abaxial view. —F. Seed. A from Zanoni, Pimentel, García & Salazar 39331 (FLAS); B–F from Leonard & Leonard 12617 (MO).

Figure 7. Parasenegalia skleroxyla (Tussac) Seigler & Ebinger. Fruits, tardily dehiscent. From an image provided by J. T. Miller.