Porophyllum riparium Anzuinelli, Schiavinato & Adr. Bartoli

Anzuinelli, Milagros, Schiavinato, Dario J. & Bartoli, Adriana, 2024, A new species of Porophyllum (Asteraceae: Tageteae) from the northwest of Argentina, and the first record of female plants of Porophyllum cabrerae, Phytotaxa 660 (1), pp. 65-74 : 66-72

Porophyllum riparium Anzuinelli, Schiavinato & Adr. Bartoli , sp. nov. ( Figs. 1 , 2 and 3 )

Porophyllum riparium is a monoecious annual herb or short-lived perennial, gray green, rather fleshy, odoriferous. Stems simple or ramified at base, leaves sessile or attenuate into a pseudopetiole, blades linear-elliptic, with 6–13 pairs of submarginal semi-pellucid oil cavities and 1 subapical semi-pellucid oil-cavity. Capitula discoid, homogamous, terminal, numerous in synflorescence; involucre cylindrical, phyllaries 5, green to vinaceous, with 2 rows of linear oil cavities; florets 45–60. Corolla infundibuliform, lemon-colored; anthers exserted, brownish; style pubescent, coiled, lemon-colored.

Type:— ARGENTINA. Jujuy. Dr. Manuel Belgrano department. Yala, National Route 9, on the way to Purmamarca , 24º08’13.1” S, 65º23’43.9” W, 1332 m, 11 April 2023, M. Anzuinelli, E. Ibarra & A. Bartoli 17 ( holotype BAA00008289!; isotypes LP!, SI!) .

Annual herbs with a slender, unthickened taproot, or short-lived perennial with a woody base, monoecious, glabrous, gray green, rather fleshy, 15–80(–130) cm tall, odoriferous. Stems striate, erect, simple or branched at base, glabrous, internodes 2.7–5 cm. Leaves rather fleshy, glabrous, basal leaves opposite and decussate, upper alternate, sessile or attenuate into a pseudopetiole, blades linear to elliptic, 1.5–5 × 0.2–0.4 cm, apex acute to attenuate; 6–13 pairs of submarginal semi-pellucid oil cavities and 1 subapical semi-pellucid oil cavity; margins slightly thickened. Capitula discoid, homogamous, terminal, numerous in inflorescence; pedicels 1.8–3.4 cm, slightly inflated below receptacle, 1–1.5 mm in diameter; involucre cylindrical, 14–17.5 × 4.5–5.5 mm; phyllaries 5, uniseriate, appearing connate in bud and flower, reflexed in fruits and later deciduous, ensiform, green to vinaceous or dark purple, 13–17 × 1.5–2 mm, unequal in width within the same capitulum, with 1 row of 2–3 linear oil cavities along each side of the midrib, 2.5–3 mm, easily seen in the adaxial face (seen as dark lines in herbarium material), margins membranaceous ca. 0.3–0.5 mm, adaxial apex puberulent-tomentose; receptacle epaleaceous, alveolate. Florets bisexual, 45–60, corollas infundibuliform, lemon-colored, tube 6.5–10 mm, corolla base slightly inflated, sparsely hairy along tube; upper part expanded, 3–4.5 mm, strongly recurved, 5-lobed, papillate at apices, one of lobes with a deeper sinus making corolla limb appearing slightly zygomorphic; filament attached to the bottom part of the recurved tube of the corolla, filament collar ca. 0.2–0.3 mm long; anthers exserted, 2–3.2 mm, yellowish to brownish, apical appendages triangular, acute, basal appendages slightly sagittate; style yellow, style arms coiled, pubescent. Cypselae 5–6.5 mm, cylindrical to slightly fusiform, strigose, with adpressed off-white twin-hairs, apices acute, subequal; body black at maturity; carpopodium conspicuous, asymmetric, white (tawny in herbarium material); pappus setae, barbellate, off white (fawn in herbarium material), length variable from 7–9.5 mm, deciduous.

Notes: —Seeds collected during the field trips were cultivated in the Lucien Hauman Botanic Garden at the Agronomy School of the University of Buenos Aires. During the growth of the individuals, we observed variations in the color of the phyllaries. Initially green, the color changes to purple over time. This phenomenon is also observed in other species of the genus, such as P. linifolium , P. iruyense , P. cabrerae and P. ruderale Jacquin [1760: 28] ) Cassini (1826: 56). The mechanisms underlying this color variation remain unknown.

Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — ARGENTINA. JUJUY Province: San Antonio department, San Antonio, between Perico and Jujuy, 20 January 1930, L.R. Parodi 9081 ( BAA!) ; El Carmen department: Perico river , 1200 m, 15 February 1940, A. Burkart et al. 11020 ( LIL!) ; Ledesma department, Fraile Pintas , 7 February 1943, L.R. Parodi 14586 ( BAA!) ; Route 83, 5–6 km of Route 34, near San Lorenzo river , 11 February 1992, A.T. Hunziker et al. 12280 ( SI!) ; Palpalá department, Arroyo Hondo, Route from Guemes to Jujuy, 1000 m, 25 February 1977, P.R. Legname et al. 5196 ( LIL!) ; Tumbaya deparment, Volcán, 7 km away from Volcán , road to Lozano , gravel road along Río Grande , 10 February 1998, O. Morrone et al. 2339 ( SI!). SALTA Province: Capital department, Vaqueros River , 23 March 1981, L.J. Novara 2320 ( CORD!, MCNS!) ; Vaqueros’s riverbed, 20 January 1968, Villa Carenzo 2863 ( LIL!) ; Chachapoyas, Velez Mountain range. Hills at East of the Universidad Católica , 30 January 1987, L.J. Novara 5923 ( MCNS!) ; San Luis, Arenales river , 10 May 1975, A. Krapovickas et al. 28461 ( LIL!) ; Chicoana department, Chicoana , 17 January 1947, G. Romero ( LIL!) ; Cueva del Gigante, road from El Carril to Cachi , 20 March 1983, P.R. Legname et al. 8941 ( LIL!) ; Quebrada de Escoipe: Route 33, ca. 19 km, 25º9’57”S, 65º38’7.2”W, 3 March 2022, D. Schiavinato 1021 ( BAA!) ; Route 33, km 22, on the way to Chicoana from El Maray , 25º9’50”S, 65º39′6.4”W, 3 March 2022, D. Schiavinato 1023 ( BAA!) ; Route 33, 5 km south of Los Laureles, before Chorro Blanco , 12 March 1989, L.J. Novara 8701 ( CORD!, MCNS!) ; Los Laureles, at the beginning of the Quebrada de Escoipe , upriver of the stream in front of AGAS station, 9 February 1987, L.J. Novara 5991 ( MCNS!) ; Quebrada de Escoipe , 31 January 1949, A.L. Cabrera & H. Schwabe 156 ( LP!) ; Guachipas department, Arroyo Alemania , from FFCC bridge till 1.5 km upriver (at SE), 18 January 1989, L.J. Novara 8445 ( CORD!, MCNS!) ; La Caldera department, Vaqueros-Villa Urquiza stream, 21 February 1995, J. Protomastro 1 ( MCNS!), Mojotoro , 9 January 1941, T. Meyer 3527 ( LIL!) ; Metán department, Metán , 31 March 1945, C.A. O’Donell 2557 ( LIL!) ; Metán, riversides of Conchas River , 800 m, 16 April 1980, P.R. Legname et al. 6843 ( LIL!) ; Concha River , 12 February 1945, J. Herrera 89 ( LIL!) ; Orán department, La Isla, 27 January 1945, S.A. Pierotti (n) ( LIL!) ; Pescado River, YPF Campament , 420 m, 28 February 1945, T. Meyer 4924 ( LIL!) ; Pescado River , 25 March 1947, S.A. Pierotti 6541 ( LIL!) ; Rosario de Lerma department, Campo Quijano, oriental hillside of the mountain range, 2–4 km N from Las Lomitas’s dam, 24 January 1985, L.J. Novara 4509 ( MCNS!) ; Campo Quijano , 1300 m, 25 January 1941, T. Meyer 3493 ( LIL!) ; Campo Quijano , 1520 m, 15 January 1947, G. Romero ( LIL!) ; Campo Quijano , January 1937, M.M. Job 1568 ( LP!) ; Quijano, in Inga Potrero, Manzano river gulch, 4 February 1941, A.T. Hunziker 1249 ( CORD!, LP!) ; on the way to El Alisa. Ruta Nacional 51, 6 February 2010, A. Plos et al. 21 ( LP!) ; Dam Las Lomitas-Campo Quijano , 10 February 1985, L.J. Novara 4384 ( MCNS!) ; El Manzano, 2000 m, February 1941, Zabala 33 ( LIL!) ; Potrero de Linares, 15 km northwest of Campo Quijano , 4 February 1990, L.J. Novara & S. Bruno 9452 ( CORD!) ; Blanco river , 17 March 1958, A.L. Cabrera & J. Marchiossi 13116 ( LP!) ; river gulch of Blanco river: 0.3–2 km al SW (upriver) of Toro river, 28 January 1988, L.J. Novara 7584 ( CORD!, MCNS!), Toro river gulch, route 51, km 30.4, 16 January 1988, L.J. Novara 7563 ( MCNS!) ; Rosario de la Frontera department, Los Baños, 20 January 1929, S. Venturi 7977 ( LP!). TUCUMÁN Province: Capital department, Tucumán, April 1916, L. Hauman (BA 24670!), Sali river , 600m, May 1920, S. Venturi 814 (BA!, LIL!) ; Famaillá department, riverside of Lules, J.A. Caro 4983 ( BAF!) ; Quebrada de Lules , 700 m, 16 January 1921, S. Venturi 1311 ( LIL!) ; Quebrada de Lules , 800 m, 6 April 1890, M. Lillo 1655 ( LIL!) ; San Rafael , 500 m, 24 October 1920, S. Venturi 1012 (SI!, LIL!) ; Monteros department, La Quebrada, 20 December 1889, M. Lillo 1492 ( LIL!) ; Tafí department, Ollada , 1400 m, 4 November 1944, X. Olea ( LIL!), 2 km near Quebrada Lules, on the way to San Pablo, 29 December 1981, D. Gage et al. 112295 ( LIL!), Yerba Buena, 650 m, February 1919, S. Venturi 1338 ( LIL!) ; Trancas department, Río Trancas , 1400 m, 17 April 1926, S. Venturi 4158 ( LIL!) .

Geographic distribution and habitat:—The authors have noticed that this entity grows in the Andean oriental hillside region, located in the northwest of Argentina, from Tucumán Province to the extreme north of Salta Province, where the biogeographical province of the Yungas occurs. The Yungas province extends from the north of Peru to the northwest of Argentina, with elevations ranging between 300 and 3500 meters above sea level. This elevation gradient results in the development of diverse environments, including foothill forests, as well as evergreen and semideciduous rainforests ( Arana et al. 2021). According to the herbarium labels, Porophyllum riparium was collected in Salta, Tucumán and Jujuy Provinces in Argentina ( Fig. 4 ). This species predominantly grows on rocky and sandy soils, usually on river banks, at elevations of 400–2000 meters above sea level.

Phenology:— Porophyllum riparium flowers from October to April and fruits at the end of summer and in late autumn, from March to May.

Etymology:—The epithet refers to river bank, where this species is usually found.

Common name:—“clavelina”, “quirquiña”.

Local uses:—Due to its bitter taste, the plant is commonly used in local cuisine for seasoning salads and soups.

Preliminary conservation status:—In recent decades, the habitat of P. riparium has undergone changes in land use, primarily due to agriculture, urbanization, and road construction.Although there is information on its geographical distribution, the population size of the species is currently unknown. For this reason, we consider it appropriate to list it as Data Deficient (DD) until more information is available.

Recognition:— Novara & Petenatti (2000) considered this entity in Flora del Valle de Lerma as Porophyllum lanceolatum . However, upon comparing both species, and analyzing the protologue and type material of P. lanceolatum (holotype: P02140868 [photo!], isotype: G00456830 [photo!]), P. riparium differs from P. lanceolatum ( Table 1 ). The first author considers that P. lanceolatum inhabits the south coast of Brazil but does not occur in Argentina. Further studies are underway to clarify and delimit this species.

Additional specimens of P. lanceolatum examined:— BRAZIL: RIO GRANDE DO SUL State. Prope Itapuan. In dry graminae landfield, 18 December 1948, S.J. Rambo 38597 ( LIL!) ; Taquari, Cerro Pelado , November 1986, M. Sobral et al. 5195 (UEC [photo!]) ; Osorio, next to Peixoto lagoon—north side, 29º51’25”S, 50º14’05”W, 21 November 2015, J. Gaio et al. 503 (HUCS [photo!]). SANTA CATARINA State. Sombrio , 19 October 1944, R.Ruit C800 ( LIL!) ; North beach of Garopaba , 27 February 1985, R. Leon 3663 ( BAA!) ; Florianopolis , December 2023, L. Lara ( BAA!) ; Paulo Lopez, restinga along the Madre river , 27º55’17”S 48º36’27”W, 12 February 2012, N.F.O. Mota et al. 2497 ( RB!) ; Mun. Imbituba, Itapiruba , 12 February 1978, G. Hatschbach & E.M. Zardini 41001 ( SI!) .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Holotype of Porophyllum riparium Anzuinelli, Schiavinato & Adr.Bartoli (BAA00008289).

FIGURE 2. Porophyllum riparium Anzuinelli, Schiavinato & Adr.Bartoli. A. Habit. B. Leaf. B’. Detail of the leaf and the oil cavities. C. Capitulum. D. Floret. E. Cypsela and pappus. F. Detail of the upper part of the floret. Drawing by Francisco Rojas.

FIGURE 3. Porophyllum riparium Anzuinelli, Schiavinato & Adr.Bartoli. A. Habitat. B. Habit. C. Leaves with pellucid cavities. D. Inflorescence.E. Flowering capitulum. F. Fruiting capitulum. Scale bar: B= 10 cm. C=1 cm. D=5 cm. E–F=1 cm. Photos by M.Anzuinelli and D. Schiavinato.

FIGURE 4. Distribution map of Porophyllum riparium in Argentina. Credit: M. Anzuinelli.