Pipunculus, Latreille, 1802

Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Marques, Dayse Willkenia A. & Rafael, José Albertino, 2023, Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Pipunculidae) of Colombia, with description of three new species and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species, Zootaxa 5389 (4), pp. 459-472 : 468-469

Key to males of the Neotropical species of Pipunculus

1 At least one pair of tibiae with distinct apical spines.......................................................... 2

- All tibiae without distinct apical spines.................................................................... 3

2 Mid tibiae with distinct apical spines; hind tibiae without distinct apical spines and with an acute process posteroapically; apex of phallic guide with lobe and one row of inconspicuous setae laterally ( Fig. 38 ); Colombia............ P. planus sp. nov.

- Mid tibiae without distinct apical spines; hind tibiae with distinct apical spines and without an acute process posteroapically; apex of phallic guide without lobe laterally and with tuff of conspicuous setae apically [see figure 33f in Skevington & Marshall (1998)]; Mexico, USA.......................................................... P. kotaneni Skevington, 1998

3 Phallic guide with depression apically [see figures 27h, 45g in Skevington & Marshall (1998)]........................ 4

- Phallic guide without depression apically [ Figs 12 , 25 and see figures 18f, 24f, 28f, 31f, 40g in Skevington & Marshall (1998) and figure 5 in Rafael (1991)]........................................................................... 5

4 Both surstyli with inner margins straight and apices slightly inward directed [see figure 27d in Skevington & Marshall (1998)]; ejaculatory apodeme narrow parasol-shaped [see figure 27f in Skevington & Marshall (1998)]; ejaculatory ducts of phallus short, broad and blunt [see figure 27e in Skevington & Marshall (1998)]; Canada, Costa Rica, Mexico, USA......................................................................................... P. elegantulus Williston, 1892

- Both surstyli with inner margins curved and apices strongly inward directed [see figure 45e in Skevington & Marshall (1998)]; ejaculatory apodeme strongly fan-shaped [see figure 45d in Skevington & Marshall (1998)]; ejaculatory ducts of phallus long, thin and acute [see figure 45f in Skevington & Marshall (1998)] USA, Mexico............ P. xanthopodus Williston, 1892

5 Both surstyli with apices clearly directed outward [see figure 18e in Skevington & Marshall (1998)]; apex of phallic guide with lobe with tip hook shape apically, very similar to the shape of the apex of phallic guide [see figure 18f in Skevington & Marshall (1998)]; Costa Rica, Mexico, USA................................................ P. abnormis Skevington, 1998

- Both surstyli with apices never directed outward [ Figs 8 , 21 , and see figures 24e, 28e 31e, 40e in Skevington & Marshall (1998) and figure 4 in Rafael (1991)]; apex of phallic guide with lobe with straight tip never hook shaped apically, never similar to the shape of the apex of phallic guide [see figures 28f, 31f, 40g in Skevington & Marshall (1998) and figure 5 in Rafael (1991)] or without lobe ventrally [see figure 24f in Skevington & Marshall (1998)].......................................... 6

6 Apex of phallic guide with lobe apically [see figures 28f, 31f, 40g in Skevington & Marshall (1998) and figure 5 in Rafael (1991)]............................................................................................. 7

- Apex of phallic guide without lobe apically [ Figs 12 , 25 , and see figure 24f in Skevington & Marshall (1998)].......... 10

7 Ejaculatory ducts of phallus coiled [see figures 31g, 40f in Skevington & Marshall (1998)]........................... 8

- Ejaculatory ducts of phallus not coiled [see figures 28g in Skevington & Marshall (1998) and figure 5 Rafael (1991)]...... 9

8 Both surstyli with inner margins sinuous [see figure 40e in Skevington & Marshall (1998)]; apex of phallic guide with acute lobe apically [see figure 40g in Skevington & Marshall (1998)]; ejaculatory apodeme with side margins rounded [see figure 40d in Skevington & Marshall (1998)]; Argentina, Brazil.................................... P. rafaeli Skevington, 1998

- Both surstyli with inner margins straight [see figure 31e in Skevington & Marshall (1998)]; apex of phallic guide with rounded lobe apically [see figure 31f in Skevington & Marshall (1998)]; ejaculatory apodeme with side margins acute [see figure 31b in Skevington & Marshall (1998)]; Canada, Guatemala, Mexico, USA......................... P. horvathi Kertész, 1907

9 Surstyli subsymmetric with long setae dorsally and apically [see figure 28d in Skevington & Marshall (1998)]; apex of phallic guide with rounded lobe ventrally and short, thin, and acute lobe apically [see figure 28f in Skevington & Marshall (1998)]; Canada, Mexico, USA................................................................. P. fuscus Loew, 1866

- Surstyli asymmetrical with short and fine setae laterally and apically [see figure 4 in Rafael (1991)]; apex of phallic guide with triangular lobe ventrally and long, stout and rounded lobe apically [see figure 5 in Rafael (1991)]; Argentina, Brazil..................................................................................... P. ferepauculus Hardy, 1965

10 Both surstyli with apices forward directed in lateral view ( Fig. 8 ); apex of phallic guide without lobe ventrally ( Fig. 12 ); ejaculatory ducts of phallus coiled ( Fig. 12 ); Colombia....................................... P. caeruleus sp. nov.

- Both surstyli with apices downward directed in lateral view [ Fig. 21 , and see figure 24a in Skevington & Marshall (1998)]; apex of phallic guide with lobe ventrally [ Fig. 25 , and see figure 24f in Skevington & Marshall (1998)]; ejaculatory ducts of phallus not coiled [ Fig. 25 , and see figure 24g in Skevington & Marshall (1998)]........................................ 11

11 Membranous area large, extending over most of the length of syntergosternite 8 [see figure 24c in Skevington & Marshall (1998)]; left surstylus with apex inward directed [see figure 24e in Skevington & Marshall (1998)]; apex of phallic guide with short lobe ventrally [see figure 24f in Skevington & Marshall (1998)]; ejaculatory apodeme narrowed, needle-shaped [see figure 24d in Skevington & Marshall (1998)]; Canada, Mexico, USA........................ P. cingulatus Loew, 1866

- Membranous area short, only in apical area of syntergosternite 8 ( Fig. 21 ); left surstylus with apex downward directed ( Fig. 22 ); apex of phallic guide with large lobe ventrally ( Fig. 25 ); ejaculatory apodeme wide, fan-shaped ( Fig. 26 ); Colombia...................................................................................... P. chiminiguagua sp. nov.

Figures

FIGURES 27−39. Pipunculus planus sp. nov. (IAvH-M3637). Holotype male. 27, Habitus, left lateral view; 28, Habitus, dorsal view; 29, Antenna; 30, Thorax, dorsal view; 31, Wing; 32, Abdomen, dorsal view; 33, Tergites and sternites 6 and 7, ventral view; 34, Terminalia, dorsal view; 35, Left surstylus, lateral view; 36, Right surstylus, lateral view; 37, Hypandrium and gonopods, ventral view; 38, Phallic guide and phallus, left lateral view (the arrow indicates a translucent distinct lobe); 39, Ejaculatory apodeme.

FIGURES 1−13. Pipunculus caeruleus sp. nov. (CEUA-101617). Holotype male. 1, Habitus, left lateral view; 2, Habitus, dorsal view; 3, Antenna; 4, Thorax, dorsal view; 5, Wing; 6, Abdomen, dorsal view; 7, Tergites and sternites 6 and 7, ventral view; 8, Terminalia, dorsal view; 9, Left surstylus, lateral view; 10, Right surstylus, lateral view; 11, Hypandrium and gonopods, ventral view, 12, Phallic guide and phallus, left lateral view; 13, Ejaculatory apodeme.

FIGURES 14−26. Pipunculus chiminiguagua sp. nov. (IAvH-M1359) Holotype male. 14, Habitus, left lateral view; 15, Habitus, dorsal view; 16, Antenna; 17, Thorax, dorsal view; 18, Wing; 19, Abdomen, dorsal view; 20, Tergites and sternites 6 and 7, ventral view; 21, Terminalia, dorsal view; 22, Left surstylus, lateral view; 23, Right surstylus, lateral view; 24, Hypandrium and gonopods, ventral view, 25, Phallic guide and phallus, left lateral view (the arrow indicates a translucent distinct lobe); 26, Ejaculatory apodeme.