Adesmia grandiflora (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Kuntze, Bot. Misc.

Monteiro, Thiago Cobra E, Iganci, João Ricardo Vieira, Miotto, Silvia Teresinha Sfoggia, Simpson, Beryl B., Vatanparast, Mohammad, Lewis, Gwilym P., Klitgård, Bente B., Pezzini, Flávia Fonseca, Vargas, Oscar M. & Fortuna-Perez, Ana Paula, 2024, Towards a Monophyletic Infrageneric Circumscription of Adesmia DC. (Dalbergieae, Leguminosae): a Taxonomic Revision in Adesmia series Adesmia, Phytotaxa 639 (1), pp. 1-69 : 25-26

6. Adesmia grandiflora (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Kuntze, Bot. Misc. 3: 190 (1830).

Type:— ARGENTINA. Mendoza: side of the mountains near Mendoza, s/d, {fl./fr.}, Gillies , J. s.n. (lectotype designated by Ulibarri and Burkart 38: 85 (2000): K barcode K000328023 !, isolectotypes: E barcode E00089108 [photo!]; E barcode E00089109 [photo!]; E barcode E00089110 [photo!]) .

≡ Patagonium grandiflorum (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 200 (1891).

= Adesmia calocarpa Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 27: 334 (1865).

Type:— ARGENTINA. Mendoza: La Guardia, 1865, {fr.}, Landbeck, M. s.n. (holotype: SGO barcode SGO000002502 [photo!], isotypes: SGO barcode SGO000002504 [photo!]; P barcode P 02142360 [photo!]) .

≡ Adesmia grandiflora var. calocarpa (Phil.) Kurtz, Bol. Acad. Nac. Ci. 15: 510 (1897).

≡ Patagonium calocarpum (Phil.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 200 (1891).

= Adesmia grandiflora var. gracilis Kurtz, Bol. Acad. Nac. Ci. 15: 510 (1897).

Type:— ARGENTINA. Mendoza: Bodenbender 9967 (holotype: not found) .

Ascendant shrubs or subshrubs, adventitious roots from stem branch nodes absent. Stem pubescent to glabrescent, adpressed white tector hairs intermixed with short ochraceous glandular setules on all plant parts. Stipules 2.5–3.5× 1.5– 2.5 mm, deltate to triangular, glabrescent to glabrous. Leaves with (4–)6–8 pairs of leaflets; petiole 2–5 cm long, rachis 4.5–7.5 cm long, pilose to pubescent; leaflets 6–10× 2–7 mm, orbicular to elliptic, apex obtuse, base acute to rounded, margin entire to dentate, glabrescent to glabrous on both surfaces. Raceme terminal, 12–25 cm long, pubescent; bracts 2–3 mm long, lanceolate, pubescent; pedicel straight to reflexed after anthesis, 5–20 mm long, pubescent. Flowers 16–20 mm long; calyx 6–7 mm long, externally pubescent, internally hirsute with white tector hairs; lobes 2–4 mm long, narrowlY-triangular; standard petal reflexed, 16–18× 10–12 mm, orbicular, apex obtuse, externallY pubescent, claw 4.5–5.5× 2.5–3.5 mm, pubescent on its apical portion; wing petals flabelliform, 13–15× 4–5 mm, claw 1.5–2.5 mm long; keel petals 19–21× 5–7 mm, falcate, claw 2–3 mm long; stamens 11–13 mm long, anthers elliptical; gYnoecium 12–14 mm long, ovary 4–6.5 mm long, pubescent, 10–12-ovulate. Hemicraspedium 17–33 mm long, straight, light brownish, pubescent, with 5–12 articles, these 2.5–3× 2.5–3 mm, discoid. Seeds brownish, 2× 2 mm, reniform, without an aril. ( Figure 12 ).

Distribution and Habitat— Adesmia grandiflora is a common species in Mendoza, Argentina, and also has been found at Neuquén and Río Negro ( Fig. 10 ). The species was reported to occur spontaneously between vineyards of grape in Mendoza, and occurs in high elevation grasslands between 1000 and 2000 m. s. m.

Phenology— The species bears flowers from October to December and fruits from November to December.

Conservation status— Least Concern (LC). Adesmia grandiflora has an EOO of 141.891, 171 km ² and an AOO of 104 km ². The species is well represented in herbaria, and occurs abundantly in Mendoza, even in disturbed environments. The conservation status of the species was recently assessed as Least Concern in a detailed study of the threat level of Argentinian endemic species ( Salariato et al. 2021), which applied the same criteria we used.

Etymology— The epithet alludes to the relatively large flowers, the largest in the genus Adesmia .

Notes— Adesmia grandiflora is closely related to A. retrofracta , A. muricata , and A. pimpinellifolia , species that share muriculate fruits. However, Adesmia grandiflora is easily recognized by its large flowers ( Fig. 12 ), 16–20 mm long (vs. flowers 6.7–9 mm long in A. muricata , 8–10 mm long in A. pimpinellifolia , and 9–12 mm long in A. retrofracta ).

Hooker and Arnott (1830) designated the specimen collected by J. Gillies at the “side of the mountains near Mendoza ” as the type collection. We found four specimens that match this original description in the protologue, three at E and one at K. Ulibarri and Burkart (2000) identified as holotype the specimen from K, but because the Gillies collection comprises four duplicate specimens, Ulibarri and Burkart (2000) had, in fact, effectively lectotypified the species and here we correct the Gillies specimen at K to lectotype .

Additional Specimens Examined — ARGENTINA. MENDOZA: Las Heras , 03 December 1943, Covas, G . 19041 ( K); Villavicencio , November 1917, Sanzin, R . 1769 ( MVFA). Crucesita , cerca de Mendoza, 1896, Bodenbender, G . 9968 (CORD).

Figures

FIGURE 10. Geographical distribution of Adesmia gilliesii Hook. &Arn., A. globosa Davyt & Izag., and A. grandiflora Gillies ex. Hook. & Arn.

FIGURE 12. Adesmia grandiflora Gillies ex. Hook. & Arn.A. Flowers bright yellow with red nectar veins. B.A bee possibly pollinating the flower; note that the bee is ina position mostadopted by pollinatorsof resupinatepapilionaceous flowers (e.g.,in the genera Centrosema and Canavalia), in which the standard petal is used as landing platform, rather than the wing petals. C. Raceme, with developing fruits on the lower portion of the inflorescence rachis; flowers bright yellow with red nectar veins. (Photos: A–B. Bruno Alzugaray; C. Aníbal Prina).