Hapalogenys kishinouyei Smith and Pope, 1906

Iwatsuki, Yukio & Russell, Barry C., 2006, Revision of the genus Hapalogenys (Teleostei: Perciformes) with two new species from the Indo-West Pacific, Memoirs of Museum Victoria 63 (1), pp. 29-46 : 39-41

Hapalogenys kishinouyei Smith and Pope, 1906

English name: Striped Velvetchin

Japanese Name: Shimasetodai

Figures 1E , 2D–F , 3G–H

Hapalogenys kishinouyei Smith and Pope, 1906: 476 , fig. 6 (type locality: Urado, Kanagawa, Japan).− Jordan and Thompson, 1912: 554, fig. 3 (Tokyo).− Izuka and Matsuura, 1920:150 (Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan).− Fowler, 1931: 269 [Urado, Kanagawa and Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan, Philippines (doubtful locality)].− Kyushin et al.,1982: 102 (South China Sea).− Akazaki, 1984: 173 (East Asian Shelf).− Okamura et al., 1985: 489, 678 (Okinawa Trough).− Chen et al., 1997: 102, fig. 306 (South China Sea).− Iwatsuki et al., 2000a: 133 (East Asian Shelf and Australianspecimensnowreferredto H.dampieriensis sp.nov.).− Shimada, 2000: 841 [southern Japan, Philippines (doubtful locality), and north-west Australian specimens now referred to H. dampieriensis sp. nov.)].− Randall and Lim, 2000: 619 (South China Sea).− Shinohara et al., 2001: 326 (Tosa Bay, Japan).− Shimada, 2002: 841 [southern Japan, Philippines (doubtful locality) and north-west Australian specimens now referred to H. dampieriensis sp. nov.].− Youn, 2002: 339, 613 ( Korea).

Type material. Holotype: USNM 55610, 81 mm SL, Tokyo, Japan (see fig. 2D).

Non-type material. 45–393 mm SL, n = 39. MUFS 770, 235 mm SL, Osaka Fish Market , Japan ; MUFS 12316 , 12343 , 164–264 mm SL, Meitsu , Nango, Miyazaki, Japan , set net, about 25 m; MUFS 12421, 338 mm SL, Ooshima I., Meitsu, Nango , Miyazaki, Japan , large set net, about 50 m depth; MUFS 12589, 45 mm SL, off Kihachi, Miyazaki, Japan ; MUFS 12852–12854 , 3 : 242–268 mm SL, Meitsu , Nango, Miyazaki, Japan , set net, about 50 m; MUFS 14041 , 14286 , 153–168 mm SL, Meitsu , Nango, Miyazaki, Japan ; MUFS 14937, 145 mm SL, Meitsu, Nango, Miyazaki, Japan ; MUFS 16351, 262 mm SL, Meitsu, Nango, Miyazaki, Japan ; SFU 1325, 133 mm SL, Shanghai, China ; SFU Chingtao, China ; SFU South China Sea; SFU 58-2573, 183 mm SL, China ; SFU 63-0092 , 187 mm SL, China ; SFU 3858, 147mm SL, Taiwan Strait, China ; URM-P 28055, 221 mm SL, East China Sea; URM-P 28056, 207 mm SL, East China Sea near Taiwan .

Diagnosis. A species of Hapalogenys with the following combination of characteristics: fleshy lower lip with dense cluster of very short papillae (figs 3G–H), scaly posteriorly (on posterior abdominal part of angular of lower jaws, fig. 3H); 10 pores on and behind chin, including a single very small pore near symphysis, plus 2 moderately-sized pores anteroventrally on each dentary, a single large pore ventrally at midpoint of dentary, and a single large pore ventrally at midpoint of angular (2 posteriormost pores sometimes slit-like) (see Gloerfelt-Tarp and Kailola, 1984:197, fig. 2); no scales on maxilla (fig. 3G); 5 broad distinct longitudinal stripes, 1st from front of 1st dorsal-fin spine along dorsal midline, 2nd from nape to base of mid dorsal-fin soft rays, 3rd from eye to last dorsal-fin ray base, 4th from preopercular flange, through base of pectoral fin, to lower caudal peduncle, last from isthmus to base of anal spinous fin; the 1st, 4th and 5th stripes lost in specimens larger than about 250 mm SL (figs 1E, 2D− F) and their width below base of 5th and 6th dorsal-fin spines clearly greater than pupil diameter at all sizes; soft rayed portions of dorsal and anal fins somewhat rounded posteriorly and somewhat angulated posteriorly, respectively (figs 1E, 2D− F); pelvic-fin tip extending slightly beyond anus but clearly not reaching to base of 1st anal-fin spine when depressed (figs 1E, 2D− F); 44−47 pored lateral-line scales; a procumbent spine-like process (exposed tip of 1st pterygiophore) at origin of dorsal.

Description. Counts and proportional measurements as percentage of SL of the holotype and 5 paratypes are given in Table 1. Data for the holotype are presented first, followed by non-type material (if different) in parentheses. Characters given in the diagnosis are not repeated.

Body deep, 49% of SL (44–53% of SL), relatively compressed, covered with ctenoid scales, ctenii free on posterior margin of exposed area; lateral line continuous until on hypural plate; orbit diameter clearly larger than interorbital space; suborbital depth clearly less than eye diameter; head covered with scales, extending almost to anterior nostrils; chin and ventral part of urohyal naked; cheek and opercular bones fully scaled; jaws with bands of pointed conical teeth, outermost teeth generally much enlarged but no distinct canines; teeth absent on vomer and palatines; preopercle serrate; upper opercle with 2 short spines posteriorly; single notched dorsal fin; 4th dorsal-fin spine longest; 1st dorsal- and anal-fin soft rays not strongly bifurcated; 1st anal-fin spine short, 2nd anal fin longest, clearly longer than 3rd; dorsal and anal fins with high scaly sheath; pectoral-fin tip not reaching to vertical at anus or pelvic-fin tip when depressed; caudal fin generally truncate.

Live colouration. Based on colour photographs of specimens ( MUFS 20896, 14286): head and body generally dark-brownish, slightly lighter on jaws; dorsal, anal and pectoral fins dark-brownish (similar to body); pelvic-fin rays and membranes black; pelvic-fin spine dark-brownish; iris brownish-golden (orange-golden); lips, lowest parts of cheek and preopercle, and interopercle pale-brownish.

Preserved colouration. Based on the holotype and non-type specimens: head and body generally dark-brownish; 5 longitudinal stripes on body; pelvic-fin rays with black membrane, pelvic-fin spine pale-brown; iris, lips, ventral portion of cheek and preopercle, and interopercle brown.

Distribution. Hapalogenys kishinouyei is currently known only from the East Asian Shelf (fig. 5).

Biological note. The largest specimen of Hapalogenys kishinouyei studied was 556 mm SL, collected from a set net catch at Meitsu fish market, Nango, Miyazaki, Japan on 14 Nov 1994 (specimen not kept). This species commonly reaches 150−300 mm SL .

Remarks. Although Fowler, 1931 reported Hapalogenys kishinouyei from the Philippines and adjacent regions, the species was originally based on specimens from Urado, Tokyo, and Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan. Despite subsequent reports including the Philippines in the speciesʼ distribution ( Iwatsuki et al., 2000a; Shimada, 2000, 2002), attempts by us to locate H. kishinouyei specimens in fish markets and museum collections over the past ten years have been unsuccessful in documenting any Philippine occurrences of this species. This strongly suggests that the species is not distributed in the Philippines. However, Chen et al., 1997 provided a fine colour plate of the species from the South China Sea and van Quan (unpublished document) listed the species from northern Vietnam.

Hapalogenys merguiensis Iwatsuki, Satapoomin and Amaoka, 2000

New English name: Mergui Velvetchin

Figures 1F , 4A–B

Hapalogenys merguiensis Iwatsuki, Satapoomin and Amaoka, 2000a: 133 , fig. 1A–C (type locality: Mergui Basin , southern Myanmar Sea, Andaman Sea).

Type material. Holotype: HUMZ 90021, 242 mm SL, Mergui Basin , southern Myanmar Sea (11°27'N, 97 °16'E) . Paratypes (174–242 mm SL, n =6): AMS I. 22739-001, 192 mm SL, southern Andaman Sea , off Satun Province near Phuket, W coast of southern Thailand ; HUMZ 90022, 178 mm SL, same data as holotype; MUFS 15800, 177 mm SL, Taninthayi Coast , southern Myanmar Sea; PMBC 10985, 199 mm SL, off Satun Province near Phuket, W coast of southern Thailand , southern Andaman Sea ; PMBC 10986, 179 mm SL, southern Andaman Sea, off Satun Province near Phuket, W coast of southern Thailand .

Non-type material. HUMZ 33397, 172 mm SL, Andaman Sea.

Diagnosis. A species of Hapalogenys with the following combination of characters: fleshy lower lip with dense cluster of very short papillae and barbels (figs 4A–B), slightly scaly posteriorly (fig. 4B); 10 pores on and behind chin, including a single very small pore near symphysis, plus 2 moderately-sized pores anteroventrally on each dentary, a single large pore ventrally, at midpoint of dentary, and a single large pore ventrally at midpoint of dentary and angular (2 posteriormost pores sometimes slit-like) (see Gloerfelt-Tarp and Kailola, 1984:197, fig. 2); no scales on maxilla (fig. 3A); 2 indistinct oblique dark bands, 1st descending from nape to behind pectoral fin, and 2nd from base of anterior 2nd or 3rd dorsal-fin spine and soft dorsalfin base, curving backwards through lateral line to soft anal fin and caudal peduncle (1 whitish or indistinct pale brown oblique band, curving backward and becoming wider, from base of first 3 dorsal-fin spines, to anus and spinous anal-fin base) (fig. 1F); soft rayed portions of dorsal and anal fins rounded posteriorly and somewhat truncate posteriorly, respectively (fig. 1F); pelvicfin tip not reaching to 1st anal-fin spine when depressed (fig. 1F); 39−42 pored lateral-line scales; a procumbent spine-like process (exposed tip of 1st pterygiophore) at origin of dorsal fin.

Description. A detailed description was given by Iwatsuki et al., 2000a and is not repeated here.

Distribution. Hapalogenys merguiensis is currently known only from the Andaman Sea, in depths from about 80−180 m (see Iwatsuki et al., 2000a).

Hapalogenys nigripinnis Schlegel in Temminck and Schlegel, 1843

New English name: Short Barbeled Velvetchin

Japanese name: Higesoridai

Figures 1G , 4C–D

Pogonias nigripinnis Schlegel in Temminck and Schlegel, 1843: 59, pl. 25 (type locality: Nagasaki Bay , Nagasaki, Japan).

Hapalogenys nitens Richardson, 1844b: 84 , pl. 43, figs 1–2 (type locality: Canton, China).− Richardson, 1844a: 463 ( Macao, China).

Hapalogenys aculeatus Nyström, 1887: 10 (type locality: Japan).

Hapalogenys guentheri Matsubara, 1933 (originally güntheri ): 86, fig. 6 (type locality: Pusan, South Korea).

Type material. Lectotype: RMNH D 282, 292 mm SL, Nagasaki Bay , Nagasaki, Japan. Paralectotpes: RMNH D283 (dried), 245 mm SL, RMNH D284 (dried), 206 mm SL, RMNH 722, 240 mm SL, RMNH D2216 (dried), 347 mm SL, ZMB 8121 (dried), 198 mm SL, all as Nagasaki, Japan.

Non-type material. BMNH 1968.3.11.1 (holotype of Hapalogenys nitens ), 107 mm SL, Canton, China; FAKU 51028–51029 (holotype and paratype of Hapalogenys guentheri , [originally güntheri ]), 2: 205 mm SL and 138 mm SL, respectively, Pusan, Korea, holotype coll. date unknown, paratype coll. 30 Apr. 1927; ZMUU 275 (holotype of Hapalogenys aculeatus ), 320 mm SL, Nagasaki, Japan. 43 other specimens examined (53–404 mm SL) are listed in Iwatsuki and Nakabo, 2005.

Diagnosis. A species of Hapalogenys with the following combination of characters: fleshy lower lip with dense cluster of very short papillae and barbels (figs 4C–D), scaly posteriorly (on posterior abdominal part of angular of lower jaws, fig. 4D); 10 pores on and behind chin, including a single very small pore near symphysis (usually not apparent owing to dense covering papillae), plus 2 moderately-sized pores anteroventrally on each dentary, a single large pore ventrally at midpoint of dentary, and single large pore ventrally at articulation of dentary and angular (2 posteriormost pores usually slit-like concave traces or slit-like) (see figs 4C–D; Gloerfelt-Tarp and Kailola, 1984: 197, fig. 2); scales on maxilla (fig. 4C); body often with 2 indistinct oblique dark bands, 1st descending from nape to behind pectoral fin and running to posterior part of soft anal-fin rays, 2nd descending from base of anterior 3rd or 4th dorsal-fin spines and soft dorsal-fin base, curving backwards through lateral line to upper part of caudal peduncle (fig. 1G, often uniformly dark or pale-brown); soft rayed portions of dorsal and anal fins strongly rounded posteriorly and slightly angulated posteriorly, respectively (fig. 1G); pelvic-fin tip not reaching to base of 1st anal-fin spine when depressed (fig. 1G); 45−48 (rarely 44 or 49) pored lateral-line scales; a procumbent spine-like process (exposed tip of 1st pterygiophore) almost completely hidden by predorsal scales at origin of dorsal fin.

Description. A detailed description was given by Iwatsuki et al., 2000a and is not repeated here.

Distribution. Hapalogenys nigripinnis is currently known only from the East Asian Shelf in depths less than 100 m (see Iwatsuki and Nakabo, 2005; see fig. 6). The species has not been confirmed as occurring around the Ryukyu or Ogasawara Is., or southern Japan.

Remarks. The status of H. aculeatus Nyström, 1887 , H. nitens Richardson, 1844b and H. guentheri Matsubara, 1933 (originally H. güntheri ) as junior synonyms of H. nigripinnis Schlegel in Temminck and Schlegel, 1843, was discussed by Iwatsuki and Nakabo, 2005.

Figures

Figure 1. The seven species of Hapalogenys. A), H. analis, MUFS 12258, 185 mm SL, East China Sea; B) H. dampieriensis sp. nov., CSIRO C4036-02, Holotype, 224 mm SL, N of Cape Lambert, north-western Australia; C), H. filamentosus sp. nov., MUFS 7666, holotype, off Iloilo, Panay Is., Philippines; D), Right pelvic-fin (reversed) of H. filamentosus sp. nov., MUFS 7666, holotype; E), H. kishinouyei, MUFS 12316, 266 mm SL, Miyazaki, Kyushu, Japan; F), H. merguiensis, PMBC 10985, paratype, 199 mm SL, off Satun Province near Phuket, Andaman Sea; G), H. nigripinnis, Kanagawa Prefectual Museumʼs photo database (KPM-NR0001009, photographed by T. Suzuki), about 180 mm SL, Moroyose, Hyogo, Sea of Japan; H), H. sennin, MUFS11649, holotype, 232 mm SL, Meitsu, Miyazaki, Japan. Arrow shows tip of pelvic-fin ray.

Figure 2. Three stages of 2 species, Hapalogenys dampieriensis sp. nov. (A–C) and H. kishinouyei (D–F). A), AMS I.22805-035, paratype, 65 mm SL, Northwest Shelf, 170 km off Port Headland, Australia, B), NTM S.13569-010, paratype, 134 mm SL, Arafura Sea, Australia, C), AMS I 22805-035, paratype, 158 mm SL, Northwest Shelf, 170 km off Port Headland, Australia, D) USNM 55610, holotype, 81 mm SL, Tokyo, Japan, E), MUFS 20896, 131 mm SL, Meitsu, Nango, Miyazaki, Japan, F), MUFS 14286, 168 mm SL, Meitsu, Miyazaki. Japan.

Figure 3. Head (left) and lower jaw ventral view (right) of 4 species, Hapalogenys analis (A–B), H. dampieriensis sp. nov. (C–D), H. filamentosus sp. nov. (E–F) and H. kishinouyei (G–H). A–B), HUMZ 106037, 113 mm SL, Saeki, Ooita, Japan; C–D), NTM S13510-010, 134 mm SL, Arafura Sea, Northern Territory, Australia; E–F), MUFS 7654, 134 mm SL, off Iloilo, Panay Is., Philippines; G–H), MUFS 20986, 131 mm SL, Meitsu, Miyazaki, Japan. Arrow indicates squamation on maxilla.

Figure 4. Head (left) and lower jaw ventral view (right) of 3 species, Hapalogenys merguiensis (A–B), H. nigripinnis (C–D) and H. sennin (E–F). A–B), HUMZ 33397, 172 mm SL, Andaman Sea; C–D), ZMUU 275, holotype of H. aculeatus, 320 mm SL, Nagasaki, Japan; E–F), MUFS 11649, holotype, 232 mm SL, Meitsu, Nango, Miyazaki, Japan. Arrow indicates squamation on maxilla.