Schismatothele Karsch 1879

Valencia-Cuéllar, Dayana, Perafán, Carlos, Guerrero, Roberto J. & Guadanucci, José Paulo Leite, 2019, Schismatothelinae spiders (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae) from Colombia: four new species and an approach to their diversity, Zootaxa 4545 (4), pp. 548-562 : 554

Schismatothele Karsch 1879

Schismatothele Karsch 1879: 544 ; Roewer 1942: 207; Bonnet 1958: 3944; Raven 1985: 158; Rudloff 1997: 12 (removed from the synonymy with Holothele , contra Raven 1985: 158); Panzera, Perdomo & Pérez-Miles 2011: 130; Guadanucci & Weinmann 2014: 282 .

Hemiercus Simon 1903: 929 ; Roewer 1942: 231; Petrunkevitch 1928: 78; Bonnet 1957: 2155; Raven 1985: 153 (synonymy with Holothele , rejected by Rudloff 1997: 12).

Type-species. Schismatothele lineata Karsch 1879

Species included. Schismatothele benedettii Panzera, Perdomo & Pérez-Miles 2011 , Schismatothele hacaritama Perafán, Valencia-Cuéllar & Guadanucci sp. nov., Schismatothele inflata ( Simon 1889) , Schismatothele lineata Karsch 1879 , Schismatothele modesta ( Simon 1889) , Schismatothele olsoni Guadanucci, Perafán & Valencia- Cuéllar sp. nov. and Schismatothele weinmanni Guadanucci, Perafán & Valencia-Cuéllar sp. nov.

Distribution. Northern Brazil, Colombia (new record) and Venezuela.

Species from Colombia. S. hacaritama sp. nov., S. olsoni sp. nov. and S.weinmanni sp. nov.

Diagnosis. Males of Schismatothele can be recognized by the swollen palpal tibia with several thick spines on the distal retrolateral surface in one row, arranged in one or two groups ( Figs 15 , 22–23 , 30 ), and the palpal bulb with the tegulum rounded at the base and embolus short and broad and bearing a flat paraembolic apophysis ( Figs 18–19 , 26–27 ) (except in S. hacaritama sp. nov.; Figs 10–11 ) ( Guadanucci & Weinmann 2014). Cymbium with two asymmetrical lobes ( Figs 14–15 , 22–23 , 30 ); retrolateral larger and wider with a distal retrolateral protrusion/ bulge; prolateral elongated and laterally flattened. Male tibia I with spur of two branches ( Figs 16 , 24 , 31 ); prolateral branch short, retrolateral long and curved. Females can be recognized by the spermathecae bulky and heavy sclerotized, with dorsal and ventral portions ( Figs 32–35 ) ( Guadanucci & Weinmann 2014).

Males and females resemble those of Euthycaelus but males differ by the palpal bulb with subtegulum fused to the tegulum ( Figs 9–12 , 17–20 , 25–28 ), one row of thick spines on palpal tibia ( Figs 15 , 22–23 , 30 ) and females by the spermathecal receptacles having both a dorsal and ventral portion ( Figs 32–35 ).

Distribution in Colombia. Schismatothele occurs in eastern Colombia, with a cis-Andean distribution on the Eastern Cordillera, in Cundinamarca (Cachipay, La Vega, La Mesa, San Francisco Sasaima and Zipacón) and Norte de Santander (Ocaña and Chinácota) Departments ( Fig. 37 ). Its altitudinal range is narrow, between 1000 and 1600 masl.

Figures

FIGURES 9–16. Schismatothele hacaritama sp. nov., holotype male (ICN-Ar 8057). 9–12. Palpal bulb, ventral (9), prolateral (10), retrolateral (11), dorsal (12) views. 13. Carapace. 14. Cymbium, ventro-prolateral view. 15. Palpal tibia, retrolateral view. 16. Leg I, tibial spur, ventro-prolateral view. Black arrows indicate ventral distal keel; grays arrows keel on dorsal edge; whites arrows small dorsal keel. Circles show the retrolateral protrusion/bulge on cymbium. Scale bars = 1mm.

FIGURES 17–24. Schismatothele olsoni sp. nov., holotype male (ICN-AR 8358). 17–20. Palpal bulb, ventral (17), prolateral (18), retrolateral (19), dorsal (20), views. 21. Carapace. 22–23. Cymbium and palpal tibia, ventro-retrolateral (22), retrolateral (23) views. 24. Leg I, tibial spur, ventro-prolateral view. Blacks arrows show the embolus pointing upwards; grays arrows indicate paraembolic apophysis. Circles show the retrolateral protrusion/bulge on cymbium. Scale bars: Figs 17–20 = 0.5 mm; Figs 21–24 = 1mm.

FIGURES 25–31. Schismatothele weinmanni sp.nov., holotype male (ICN-Ar 8360). 25–28. Palpal bulb, ventral (25), prolateral (26), retrolateral (27), dorsal (28) views. 29. Carapace. 30. Cymbium and palpal tibia, retrolateral view. 31. Leg I, tibial spur, ventro-prolateral view. Circle shows the retrolateral protrusion/bulge on cymbium. Scale bars = 1mm.

FIGURES 32–34. Schismatothele weinmanni sp. nov., paratype female (ICN-Ar 8361). Spermathecae, anterior (32), dorsal (33), ventral (34) views. Scale bars = 1mm.

FIGURES 35. Schismatothele weinmanni sp. nov., female spermathecae variations. Given them a, b, c. Last box (d) sub-adult female.

FIGURES 36–37. Distribution of Schismatothelinae in Colombia. 36. Euthycaelus. 37. Schismatothele and Neoholothele.