Euryopis candiota, Rodrigues & Marta & Figueiredo, 2021

Rodrigues, Everton Nei Lopes, Marta, Kimberly S. & Figueiredo, Cassiano P., 2021, Description of four new species of the spider genus Euryopis Menge, 1868, with new records from Brazil (Araneae, Theridiidae, Hadrotarsinae), Zootaxa 4966 (5), pp. 535-549 : 536-538

Euryopis candiota new species

Figs. 1 A–D , 2 A–D , 8A , 9A–B , 10

LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C4B11509-2611-47E3-B71A-C3BF3A44DAAD

Type material. Holotype. Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul: Candiota, Miolo farm, 31°23’00.0”S 53°45’53.7”W, 04.X.2010, J.L.O. Rosado leg., 1M ( MCN 56854) . Paratypes. Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul, Candiota, Miolo farm, 31°23’00.0”S, 53°45’53.7”W, 04.X.2010, J.L.O. Rosado leg., 2F ( MCN 56855) ; 18.II.2011, J.L.O. Rosado leg., 5M ( MCN 56856) ; 18.II.2011, J.L.O. Rosado leg., 1F ( MCN 56857) ; 18.II.2011, J.L.O. Rosado leg., 1M ( MCN 56848) ; 04.X.2010, J.L.O. Rosado leg., 2M, 3F ( MCN 56849) ; 18.II.2011, J.L.O. Rosado leg., 4M, 2F ( MCTP 44010 ) ;, 25.VIII.2011, J.L.O. Rosado leg., 1M, 1F ( MCTP 44011 ) ; 04.X.2010, J.L.O. Rosado leg., 1M, 2F ( IBSP 267939 ) ; 25.VIII.2011, J.L.O. Rosado leg., 1M, 1F ( IBSP 267940 ) ; Rio Grande do Sul: Bagé, Malafai farm, 31°16’00.0”S, 54°07’00.0”W, 22.X.2009, J.L.O. Rosado leg., 1M ( MCTP 44020 ) ; 30. V.2011, J.L.O. Rosado leg., 5M ( MCTP 44021 ) ; 22.X.2009, J.L.O Rosado leg., 1M ( MCN 56850) . Rio Grande do Sul, Bagé, Peruzzo farm, 31°15’05.0”S, 54°05’00.0”W, 18.II.2011, J.L.O. Rosado leg., 2M ( MCTP 44022 ) ; 17. V.2010, J.L.O. Rosado leg., 1F ( MCTP 44023 ) . All collected by pitfall-trap .

Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition, taken from the type locality.

Diagnosis. Males of Euryopis candiota n. sp. resemble those of Euryopis talaveraensis González, 1991 (see González 1991, figs 7–9), but differ from the latter species by the basal position of the spermatic ducts on the tegulum ( Fig. 8A ), while the spermatic duct is positioned apically in E. talaveraensis ; the embolus with well sclerotized apex ( Fig. 8A ) and conductor distally pointed not trespassing the edge of the cymbium ( Fig. 8A ), whereas E. talaveraensis has a non-sclerotized embolus and conductor distally rounded; the cymbium apex of E. candiota n. sp. has a thin projection ( Fig. 8A ), absent in E. talaveraensis , and differ by the shape of carapace, pear shaped ( Fig. 1A ), while the later present a rounded shape. Females of E. candiota n. sp. also resemble those of E. talaveraensis González, 1991 (see González 1991, figs 2–4), but differ by the small copulatory opening, medially positioned ( Fig. 9A ), copulatory opening is large and basally positioned in E. talaveraensis and the spermathecae, closer to each other ( Fig. 9B ), but further apart in the later species.

Description. Male holotype (MCN 56854). Total length 2.43. Carapace length 0.94, width 0.71, height 0.37. Clypeus height 0.25. Sternum length 0.44, width 0.42. Abdomen length 1.17, width 0.81, height 0.63. Leg formula IV/I/II/III; segment length (I/II/III/IV): femora 0.48/0.42/0.42/0.56; patellae+tibiae 0.67/0.60/0.56/0.81; metatarsi+tarsi 0.72/0.60/0.62/0.79; total 1.87/1.62/1.60/2.16. Carapace pear-shaped ( Fig. 1A ), reddish brown ( Fig. 1A, D ). Chelicerae lighter than carapace. Ocular region slightly pronounced, eyes with black margins. Eye diameter and interdistances: AME 0.04, PME 0.04, ALE 0.06, PLE 0.06, AME–AME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.02, PME–PME 0.04, PME–PLE 0.04. Sternum ( Fig. 1B ) paler than the carapace, with blackened edges. Reddish brown elongated pedicel with two longitudinal blackish bands ( Fig. 1A, B ). Abdomen dorsally oval ( Fig. 1A ), darker. Spinnerets pale yellow. Cymbium oval in dorsal view; with thin projection apically; embolus and conductor sclerotized, both distally pointed ( Fig. 8A ); the spermatic ducts basally in the tegulum, form loops ventrally next to the subtegulum.

Female paratype (MCN 56855). Total length 2.49. Carapace length 0.94, width 0.71. Clypeus height 0.21. Sternum length 0.56, width0.48.Abdomen length1.42, width0.98, height0.90.Leg formula IV/I/II/III; segment length (I/II/III/IV): femora 0.48/0.42/0.42/0.56; patellae+tibiae 0.67/0.60/0.56/0.81; metatarsi+tarsi 0.72/0.60/0.62/0.79; total 1.87/1.62/1.60/2.16. Carapace ( Fig. 2A ) yellowish brown, lighter than male, with elevated cephalic region ( Fig. 2D ). Chelicerae yellowish brown, same coloration as the labium. Ocular region slightly pronounced, eyes with black edges ( Fig. 2C ). Eye diameter and interdistances: AME 0.06, PME 0.06, ALE 0.08, PLE 0.04, AME– AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.02, PME–PME 0.06, PME–PLE 0.04. Sternum darker than the carapace, with blackened edges ( Fig. 2B ). Pedicel yellowish brown elongated with two longitudinal blackish bands ( Fig. 2A ). In dorsal view, abdomen oval ( Fig. 2A ). In ventral view ( Fig. 2B ), slightly yellowish brown, laterally blackened. Spinnerets pale yellow. Epigynum with a slightly sclerotized plate, longer than wider ( Fig. 9A ); with one oval copulatory opening positioned medially on the plate ( Fig. 9A ). Internal genitalia with two pairs of round spermathecae, close together ( Fig. 9B ); uncoiled copulatory ducts ( Fig. 9B ) and short and uncoiled fertilization ducts ( Fig. 9B ).

Natural history. It is already known that spiders of the genus Euryopis are associated with myrmecophagy, which was suggested by several authors ( Berland 1933; Levi 1954; Carico 1978; Gertsch 1979; Porter & Eastmond 1982; Forster et al. 1990; Cushing 2012; Líznarová & Pekár 2019). The area where the material was collected is rich in myrmecofauna ( Rosado et al. 2013) which corroborates the idea proposed by Foster et al. (1990) that Hadrotarsinae would be myrmecophages. This species is abundantly found in the soil of the vineyards in Southern Brazil.

Distribution. Brazil (state of Rio Grande do Sul, Fig. 10 ).

Variation. Carapace in males and females range from reddish brown to yellowish brown. Pigmentation in dorsal and ventral view of abdomen and sternum of males and females range from reddish brown to yellow.

Additional material examined. Brazil. Rio Grande do Sul: Candiota (Miolo farm, 31°23’44.8”S, 53°45’53.7”W), 26.II.2010, J.L.O Rosado leg., 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00863); 1M,1F (MZUnisinos Ara00880); 1F (MZUnisinos Ara00885); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00897); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00891); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00908); 17.V.2010, 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00862); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00893); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00902); 2M (MZUnisinos Ara00843); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00859); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00864); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00872); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00879); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00881); 06.VIII.2010, 2M (MZUnisinos Ara00854); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00855); 1F (MZUnisinos Ara00884); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00894); 1F (MZUnisinos Ara00901); 2M (MZUnisinos Ara00903); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00909); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00910); 04.X.2010, 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00856); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00858); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00860); 2M (MZUnisinos Ara00861); 3M (MZUnisinos Ara00865); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00866); 2M (MZUnisinos Ara00867); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00868); 3M (MZUnisinos Ara00869); 7M (MZUnisinos Ara00870); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00871); 18.II.2011, 2M (MZUnisinos Ara00836); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00837); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00838); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00839); 2M (MZUnisinos Ara00840); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00841); 2M (MZUnisinos Ara00842); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00845); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00846); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00847); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00848); 6M (MZUnisinos Ara00849); 2M (MZUnisinos Ara00850); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00851); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00852); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00853); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00883); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00888); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00895); 4M (MZUnisinos Ara00962); 2M (MZUnisinos Ara00963); 30.V.2011, 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00857); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00886); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00887); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00890); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00896); 1F (MZUnisinos Ara00898); 2M (MZUnisinos Ara00899); 2M (MZUnisinos Ara00900); 2M (MZUnisinos Ara00951); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00952); 2M (MZUnisinos Ara00953); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00954); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00955); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00956); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00957); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00958); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00959); 1F (MZUnisinos Ara00960); 1F (MZUnisinos Ara00961); 25.VIII.2008, 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00873); 1F (MZUnisinos Ara00874); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00875); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00876); 3M (MZUnisinos Ara00877); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00878); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00882); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00964) ; Rio Grande do Sul: Bagé (Peruzzo farm, 31°15’05.0”S, 54°05’00.0”W), 04.X.2010, J.L.O Rosado leg., 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00973); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00974); 17.V.2010, 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00981); 18.II.2011, 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00965); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00968); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00971); 25.VIII.2011, 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00972); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00982); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00967); 30.V.2011, 4M (MZUnisinos Ara00969); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00970); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00975); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00977); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00978); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00979); 1M (MZUnisinos Ara00980). All collected by pitfall-trap .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Euryopis candiota n. sp. A–D. Male habitus: A, Dorsal view. B, Ventral view. C, Frontal view. D, Lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 2. Euryopis candiota n. sp. A–D. Female habitus: A, Dorsal view. B, Ventral view. C, Frontal view. D, Lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 8. Male palp Euryopis n. sp., ventral view. A, Euryopis candiota n. sp. B, Euryopis nasuta n. sp. C, Euryopis boliviensis n. sp. D, Euryopis catarinensis n. sp. Abbreviations: Cy, cymbium; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis, ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 9. Epigyna of new species of Euryopis. A, B. Euryopis candiota n. sp. A, Ventral view. B, Dorsal view, clarified. C, D. Euryopis nasuta n. sp.: C, Ventral view; D, Dorsal view, clarified. E, F. Euryopis boliviensis n. sp. E, Ventral view; F, Dorsal view, clarified. Abbreviations: CD, copulatory ducts; CO, copulatory openings; FD, fertilization ducts; SS, second pair of spermathecae; FS, first pair of spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 10. Distribution of the new species and new records of genus Euryopis in Brazil and Bolivia.