Dermechinus horridus africanus Döderlein, 1906

Filander, Zoleka & Griffiths, Charles, 2017, Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa, Zootaxa 4296 (1), pp. 1-72 : 39-40

Dermechinus horridus africanus Döderlein, 1906

Fig. 42 A–C.

Sterechinus horridus: Döderlein, 1906: 220 –222. Pl. XXVIII, Figs 1–2 . Pl. XXXV, Figs 2–3 . Pl. XLVII, Figs 10–11 ; Döderlein, 1910: 248.

Echinus horridus: H.L. Clark, 1923: 384 ; H.L. Clark, 1924: 7; H.L. Clark, 1925a: 113. Dermechinus horridus: Mortensen, 1943: 112 –117. Pl. XIX, Figs 6–10 , Pl. XX, Figs 1–3 , Pl. LVI, Figs 22–23 , 29– 31 ; Clark & Courtman-Stock, 1976: 235; Schultz, 2010: 182.

Material examined. MBC-A 023078; MBC-A023372; MBC-A077820; MBC-A077819; MBC-A077821. Identification. Test melon-shaped, ambulacra sunken, corresponding raised interambulacra, giving distinctive appearance. Miliary spines numerous, orange reddish in color.

Global maximum size. Maximum test diameter 90 mm, maximum height 120 mm. Global distribution. South America, West and South coast regions of South Africa, south Australia and Tasmania, Southern New Zealand and Antarctic, at 30–1020 m depth ( Döderlein 1910; Mortensen 1943; Schultz 2010)

Remarks. Variation in test height exists, but is not of taxonomic value, as short and high populations co-exist and all other characters match ( Mortensen 1943).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Detail of regular echinoid: upper (Stomopneustes variolaris) and lower (Stereocidaris excavata) side, showing terminology of various body parts.

FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts.

FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts.

FIGURE 6. Eucidaris metularia (SAMC-A 28226): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 7. Kionocidaris striata (MBC-A 022213): A. Map showing distribution. B. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 8. Phyllacanthus imperialis (SAMC-A 23447): A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 9. Goniocidaris (Goniocidaris) indica: A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen (SAMC- A 23089). C. Side view of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28235).

FIGURE 10. Stereocidaris alcocki (SAMC-A 28229): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view (close-up) of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 11. Stereocidaris capensis (MB-A 077743): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 22. Phormosoma busarium (SAMC-A 22621). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 23. Phormosoma placenta africana (SAMC- A 22250). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 29. Echinothrix calamaris. A. Map showing distribution. B. Live specimen (KwaZulu-Natal). C. Aboral view of preserved specimen (MBC- 077783).

FIGURE 30. Caenopedina capensis (MBC-A 022218). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 31. Bathysalenia phoinissa (MBC- 077789). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 42. Dermechinus horridus africanus (MBC- 0 A 77820). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen.