Phormosoma bursarium A. Agassiz 1881

Filander, Zoleka & Griffiths, Charles, 2017, Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa, Zootaxa 4296 (1), pp. 1-72 : 25

Phormosoma bursarium A. Agassiz 1881

Fig. 22 A–C.

Phormosoma bursarium: A. Agassiz, 1881: 99 . Pl. X, Fig. b; Alcock & Anderson, 1984: 192; H.L. Clark, 1924: 3; H.L. Clark, 1925a: 54; Mortensen, 1935: 135 –141. Pl. II, Fig. 20 . Pl. III, Figs 1–2 . Pl. LXXIV, Figs 11–15 ; A.M. Clark, 1977: 136; Clark & Courtman-Stock, 1976: 221; Schultz, 2011: 1071, Figs 1865–1868.

Material examined. A22124; A22219 ; A22248; A22251.

Identification. Oral side slightly arced, aboral side distinctively low-hemispherical. Tubercles and associated areoles particularly large and conspicuous. Primary spines coarse, upper ones being more or less distinctively curved.

Global maximum size. Maximum test diameter 128 mm.

Global distribution. East coast region of South Africa and Arabian Sea to Japan, Hawaii and New Zealand; at 170 – 2340 m depth ( Mortensen 1935; Schultz 2011).

Remarks. Species shows variation in many characters, such as number of tubercles orally and aborally and arrangements of tubercles, which may be limited to distal parts, or extend to apex.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Detail of regular echinoid: upper (Stomopneustes variolaris) and lower (Stereocidaris excavata) side, showing terminology of various body parts.

FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts.

FIGURE 11. Stereocidaris capensis (MB-A 077743): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 12. Stereocidaris excavata (SAMC-A 23320). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 13. Stereocidaris squamosa (MBC-A 077750). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 14. Acanthocidaris maculicollis (SAMC- A 28233). A. Map showing distribution. B. Spine close-up view of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 15. Plococdaris verticillata (SAMC-A 28236). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 20. Sperosoma biseriatum A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen (Schultz, 2010). C. Oral view of preserved specimen (Schultz, 2010).

FIGURE 22. Phormosoma busarium (SAMC-A 22621). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen.