Paracladopelma Harnisch

Yan, Chuncai, Jin, Zhaohui & Wang, Xinhua, 2008, Paracladopelma Harnisch from the Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae), Zootaxa 1934, pp. 1-29 : 3-5

Key to the males of Paracladopelma Harnisch

1. Inferior volsella absent.................................................................................................................................2

- Inferior volsella present...............................................................................................................................4

2. Gonostylus swollen basally; AR> 3.0. Afrotropical ............................................. P. rhodesianum (Kieffer)

- Gonostylus parallel-sided basally; AR <2.0...............................................................................................3

3. Body black; superior volsella bilobed; anal point swollen apically. Afrotropical. .... P. pullatum (Freeman)

- Body green; superior volsella pediform; anal point swollen medially. Afrotropical, Palaearctic. ............... .............................................................................................................................. P. graminicolor (Kieffer)

4. Superior volsella long, slender, spatulate....................................................................................................5

- Superior volsella wide, fist-shaped, pad-shaped, pediform or globe-shaped..............................................6

5. Superior volsella straight; margins of tergite IX shoulder-like. Afrotropical. ......... P. melutense (Freeman)

- Superior volsella curved; margins of tergite IX conical. Afrotropical. ............................ P. reidi (Freeman)

6. Superior volsella with bare sclerotized process at apex. Palaearctic, Sino-Indian. ..... P. tamanipparai Sasa

- Superior volsella without bare sclerotized process at apex ........................................................................ 7

7. Superior volsella with well sclerotized dorsolateral surface, mid-ventrally with pubescent lobe and medi- ally with 2 strong protruding setae..............................................................................................................8

- Superior volsella deeply split into bare membranous dorsal lobe and setigerous ventral lobe or superior volsella sclerotized differently.....................................................................................................................9

8. Superior volsella with pointed apex; anal point strongly swollen. Palaearctic ............................................. ................................................................................ P. mikianum (Goetghebuer) and P. schlitzense (Ringe)

- Superior volsella with rounded apex; anal point weakly swollen. Palaearctic, Sino-Indian. ........................ ....................................................................................................................... P. nudiappendiculata (Kawai)

9. Superior volsella deeply split into bare membranous dorsal lobe and setigerous ventral lobe................10

- Superior volsella without membranous dorsal lobe, or when membranous dorsal lobe present, it is largely fused with ventral part, not deeply split into two separated lobes.............................................................11

10. Dorsal lobe of superior volsella globe-shaped. Palaearctic, Sino-Indian. ..................... P. globosum Zorina

- Dorsal lobe of superior volsella pediform. Holarctic, Sino-Indian. .................................. P. doris (Townes)

11. Superior volsella fist-shaped, not expanded into pad-shaped, clavate or pediform apical part. P. nigritulum group..........................................................................................................................................................12

- Superior volsella expanded into a pad-shaped, clavate or pediform apical part. P. camptolabis group...14

12. Superior volsella without membranous dorsal lobe, with membranous ventral lobe, dorsalateral surface sclerotized and separated from weakly sclerotized ventralmesal surface by a well-sclerotized ridge. Palae- arctic, Sino-Indian. ........................................................................................... P. nigritulum (Goetghebuer)

- Superior volsella with membranous, bare, dorsal lobe, remainder uniformly sclerotized........................13

13. Gonostylus evenly curved; dorsal lobe of superior volsella small. Holarctic. .......... P. galaptera (Townes)

- Gonostylus most strongly curved in apical half; dorsal lobe of superior volsella about as large as ventral lobe. Nearctic .................................................................................................................. P. winnelli Jackson

14. Combs of mid- and hind tibia with one spur..............................................................................................15

- Combs of mid- and hind tibia with two spurs............................................................................................20

15. Inferior volsella subquadrangular, with single projection. Palaearctic, Sino-Indian. ......... P. crenum sp. n.

- Inferior volsella rounded, without projection............................................................................................16

16. Inferior volsella well developed, with pointed mid-posterior corner ........................................................17

- Inferior volsella with rounded lobe, without pointed mid-posterior corner..............................................18

17. Anal point expanded distally. Palaearctic, Sino-Indian. .......................................... P. laminatum (Kieffer)

- Anal point parallel-sided. Afrotropical ......................................................................... P. brincki (Freeman)

18. Tergite IX with continuous Y-shaped bands. Holarctic, Sino-Indian. .................... P. camptolabis (Kieffer)

- Tergite IX lacking continuous Y-shaped bands, at most with narrow line................................................19

19. Tergite IX longer than wide, with weak longitudinal ridge; superior volsella symmetrically clavate. Hol- arctic, Sino-Indian. .............................................................................................................. P. nais (Townes)

- Tergite IX shorter than wide, without longitudinal ridge; superior volsella distinctly pediform. Nearctic.. ............................................................................................................................................ P. nixe (Townes)

20. Inferior volsella with long setae.................................................................................................................21

- Inferior volsella without long setae. ......................................................................................................... 22

21. Superior volsella pad-shaped; inferior volsella constricted apically, with one seta. Australasian. .............. .................................................................................................................................... P. angusta (Freeman)

- Superior volsella pediform; inferior volsella expanded apically, with 14–16 setae. Sino-Indian. ............... ................................................................................................................. P. diutinistyla Dutta et Chaudhuri

22. Inferior volsella with two lobes. Sino-Indian. ...................................................................... P. b i n u m sp. n.

- Inferior volsella with single lobe...............................................................................................................23

23. Inferior volsella quadrangular. Holarctic, Sino-Indian. ................................................. P. undine (Townes)

- Inferior volsella rounded............................................................................................................................24

24. Superior volsella with dorsal and ventral lobes.........................................................................................25

- Superior volsella with single dorsal lobe.................................................................................................. 26

25. Tergite IX bands forming a straight line; anal point expanded in distal half. Sino-Indian. .......................... .................................................................................................. P. sacculifera Chaudhuri et Chattopadhyay

- Tergite IX bands V-shaped; anal point strongly broadened apically. Sino-Indian. ............. P. digitum sp. n.

26. Superior volsella covered with microtrichia on inner margin, lateral half bare........................................27

- Superior volsella entirely covered with microtrichia.................................................................................29

27. Superior volsella plough-shaped; inferior volsella with thumb-like projection. Palaearctic, Sino-Indian. .. ...................................................................................................................................... P. kuramaclara Sasa

- Superior volsella pediform or fist-shaped; inferior volsella without projection........................................28

28. Gonostylus swollen medially; AR 1.08; LR1 2.06. Palaearctic, Sino-Indian. .................... P. pugna Kawai

- Gonostylus slightly constricted medially; AR 1.41–1.63; LR1 1.64–1.67. Palaearctic, Sino-Indian. .......... ................................................................................................................ P. furudoprimum Sasa et Arakawa

29. Superior volsella plough-shaped. Sino-Indian. ................................ P. aratra Chaudhuri et Chattopadhyay

- Superior volsella not plough-shaped.........................................................................................................30

30. Tergite IX bands without median longitudinal ridge.................................................................................31

- Tergite IX bands with median longitudinal ridge......................................................................................32

31. Anal point with ridge extending to tergite IX. Palaearctic, Sino-Indian. ..................... P. tamahikawai Sasa

- Anal point without ridge extending to tergite IX. Holarctic, Sino-Indian. ..................... P. n e re i s (Townes)

32. Tergite IX bands not united with longitudinal ridge mesally.....................................................................33

- Tergite IX bands united with longitudinal ridge mesally...........................................................................34

33. Superior volsella with rounded apex and inconspicuous stem; tergite IX with pair of short ridges lateral to mid longitudinal ridge. Nearctic. .............................................................................. P. alphaeus (Sublette)

- Superior volsella with pointed apex and conspicuous stem; tergite IX without pair of ridges lateral to mid longitudinal ridge. Nearctic. ................................................................................ P. longanae Beck et Beck

34. Tergite IX bands T-shaped; apex of superior volsella with curved setae. Palaearctic, Sino-Indian. ............ ........................................................................................................................................... P. cirratum sp. n.

- Tergite IX bands Y-shaped; apex of superior volsella with straight, short setae.......................................35

35. Superior volsella symmetrical, pad-shaped...............................................................................................36

- Superior volsella asymmetrical, pediform.................................................................................................38

36. Anal point tapering apically. Palaearctic, Sino-Indian. .......................................... P. hibarasecundum Sasa

- Anal point parallel-sided or expanded subapically....................................................................................37

37. Gonostylus widest at about distal 1/3; anal point nearly parallel-sided; R1 bare. Palaearctic, Sino-Indian. ........................................................................................................................ P. pseudocamptolabis Zorina

- Gonostylus widest medially; anal point widest subapically; R1 with 12–13 setae. Palaearctic, Sino-Indian. ...................................................................................................................................... P. urkanensis Zorina

38. Superior volsella inflexed. Palaearctic, Sino-Indian. ....................................................... P. augustus Zorina

- Superior volsella evenly curved.................................................................................................................39

39. Anal point expanded distally; R4+5 with 1 seta at apex. Sino-Indian. ........................................ P. b u i sp. n.

- Anal point expanded medially; R4+5 with 26–33 setae. Palaearctic, Sino-Indian. ........... P. jacksoni Zorina