Libythea myrrha hecura Fruhstorfer 1914

Kawahara, Akito Y., 2013, <strong> Systematic revision and review of the extant and fossil snout butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Libytheinae) </ strong>, Zootaxa 3631 (1), pp. 1-74 : 37-38

Libythea myrrha hecura Fruhstorfer 1914

( Figs. 133, 134 )

Libythea myrrha hecura Fruhstorfer 1914: 770

Libythea myrrha borneensis Fruhstorfer 1914: 770 [new synonymy].

Libythea myrrha iwanagai Hayashi 1976: 9 , 10, Figs. 1–4 [new synonymy].

Libythea myrrha hecuba [sic] Okano 1987: 4.

Diagnosis. Libythea myrrha hecura closely resembles L. m. myrrha by sharing similar forewing pattern and a weakly falcate forewing apex. This subspecies differs from the latter in that the forewing orange band between Rs 1 and M 1 is fused with the band between M 1 and M 3, which is separated in L. m. hecura.

Type Specimens Examined. Libythea myrrha borneensis Fruhstorfer 1914 , HOLOTYPE: ♂, J. B. Borneo: H. Fruhstorfer ( BMNH). Libythea myrrha iwanagai Hayashi 1976 , HOLOTYPE: ♂, Philippines: Palawan, Taot- Daram, 4-VIII-1968, Y. Honda; PARATYPE: ♀, Philippines: Palawan, Quizon, 16-IV-1967, Y. Honda. Since the type of iwanagai could not be obtained, photographs of the holotype male and paratype female published in Hayashi (1976) were studied.

Other Specimens Examined. (11♂, 6♀): INDONESIA: Borneo : 3♂ ( BMNH) ; North Borneo , 1♂, H. Fruhstorfer ( BMNH) ; 1♂, G. F. C. Woollett ( BMNH) . Bamjarmap , 1♂ ( BMNH) . Mount Kinabalu 5–6000 ft [1524–1829 m]: 4♀, A. D. Dodge and G. A. Gosse ( USNM) . S. W. Borneo, 1♂, 1♀, H. Fruhstorfer ( BMNH) . MALAYSIA: Perak: 1♂ ( CMNH) ; 1♂, W. J. Wray ( CMNH) ; 1♀, E. S. Cass ( CUIC) . Malaysian Federal Territory of Labuan, Labuan Island , 1♂, Bates ( BMNH) . Unknown country: 1♂, 31-V-1968 ( MGCL) .

Distribution. Indonesia: Borneo; Malaysia; Philippines: Palawan.

Remarks. The names borneensis and iwanagai are synonyms of hecura because there are no useful characteristics that can be used to separate the two. Although the descriptions of hecura and borneensis both appear on page 770 in Fruhstorfer (1914), priority is given here to hecura because it appears before borneensis.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Phylogeny of snout butterflies based on morphology (after Kawahara 2009). Numbers above and below each rectangle refer to the characters and states in Kawahara (2009). A dark rectangle indicates a unique character state change (synapomorphy), a white rectangle indicates homoplasy. Large numbers indicate branch support (Bremer Support/jackknife). Due to limited space, outgroups are not shown in this figure.

FIGURES 2−13. Lateral view of the male eighth abdominal tergum of Libythea and Libytheana with scales and hairs removed. 2. Libythea celtis; 3. Libythea collenettei; 4. Libythea geoffroyi; 5. Libythea labdaca; 6. Libythea laius; 7. Libythea lepita; 8. Libythea myrrha; 9. Libythea narina; 10. Libytheana carinenta; 11. Libytheana fulvescens; 12. Libytheana motya; 13. Libytheana terena.

FIGURES 133−148. Right dorsal and ventral wing surfaces of Libythea and Libytheana. The second image of each specimen shows the ventral surface of the wings. 133, 134. Libythea myrrha hecura Fruhstorfer: ♂, Borneo (BMNH); 135, 136. Libythea myrrha rama Moore: ♂, Holotype, Sri Lanka, Colombo (BMNH); 137, 138. Libythea myrrha sanguinalis Fruhstorfer: ♂, India, Assam (USNM); 139, 140. Libythea myrrha sanguinalis Fruhstorfer: ♀, India, Assam, Naga Hills (BMNH); 141, 142. Libythea narina Godart: ♂, Myanmar, Tenasserim, Ataran Valley (BMNH); 143, 144. Libythea narina Godart: ♀, Philippines, Palawan (BMNH); 145, 146. Libytheana fulvescens (Lathy): ♂, Dominica, 1−2 km north of Colihaut (MCLB); 147, 148. Libytheana fulvescens (Lathy): ♀, Dominica, Copt Hall (USNM).