Gomphocerus (Bolivarianus) acutus Karabağ, 1957

Mol, Abbas, Şirin, Deniz, Taylan, Mehmet Sait & Sevgili, Hasan, 2023, A review of the Anatolian Gomphocerus Thunberg, 1815 (Orthoptera: Acrididae Gomphocerinae) via morphological and bioacoustics characters: data suggesting a new species, a new subgenus and three new statuses, Zootaxa 5353 (5), pp. 401-429 : 422-423

Gomphocerus (Bolivarianus) acutus Karabağ, 1957 stat.n. Fig 5

Gomphocerus sibiricus acutus Karabağ 1957 : in Karabağ 1957: 16–17, (Type-male, Rize, İkizdere, Çağırtkankaya; Type British Museum Natural History, Paratypes Central Institute for Plant Protection, Ankara, Turkey, not studied). Gomphocerus sibiricus acutus Karabağ : Weidner 1969: 205, 206; Gomphocerus sibiricus acutus Mistshenko Demirsoy 1975: 96 ; Gomphocerus sibiricus dimorphus Karabağ : Demirsoy 1977: 226; Gomphocerus sibiricus acutus Karabağ : Çıplak et al. 1999: 766; Gomphocerus sibiricus acutus Karabağ : Mol & Zeybekoğlu 2012: 89.

Redescription. Head and pronotum ( Fig. 7 ): Pronotum wider than head in male, narrowed in female, Vertex higher than fastigium, with indistinct median carina and raised evidently in both sexes; Vertical diameter of the eye/ minimum width of vertex 1.33–1.5 in male, 1.18–1.42 in female; vertical diameter of eye/subocular groove 1.33– 1.83 in male, 1.25–1.42 in female. Antennae filiform, shorter than head plus pronotum in female, its longest medial segment 1.45–2.5 times as long as wide in male, 1.36–2.5 in female; the ratio of the length to width of the sixth segment from the head on the antennae clavatus ( Fig. 7 ) is 1.85–2.45 in males and 1.76–2.72 in females; frontal margin o of pronotum distinctly convex hind margin angular or obtuse angular; median carina distinct and entire; typical transversal sulcus (third sulcus) curved, located behind middle of the median carina, cut behind the middle of the median carina, length of the in front of the transversal sulcus/length of the behind the transversal sulcus 1.71–2.2 in male, 1.24–1.75 in female; the maximum/minimum width between lateral carinae 1.85–2.85 in male, 1.90–2.72 in female; front tibia pear-shaped ( Fig. 9 ), its length 1.66–2.38 times of its maximum width. Hind femur long, its length 3.72–4.88 times of its maximum in male 3.70–4.30 in female; mesosternal interspace wide, 1.22–1.87 times wider than long in male, 1.50–2.0 in female.

Thorax: Tegmina ( Fig. 8 ) reaching cerci basally in male and reaching beginning and from middle of the 3th abdominal tergum to beginning of the 5th abdominal tergum in female; apical portion of the tegmen (from the end of the first radial to the apex) not exist (no apical narrowness); tegmen 2.64–3.33 times as long as maximum width in male, 2.08–2.53 in female; The length Pc-field/ the length of tegmen 0.57–0.86 in male, 0.77–0.90 in female; the greatest width of costal field/ the greatest width of precostal field 1.07–1.52 in male, 1.0– 1.25 in female; the greatest width of costal field/ the greatest width of subcostal field 2.22–4.44 in male, 6–15 in female; Subcostal and radial vein sinuate S-shape and nearly reaching to apex; the greatest width of medial field/ the greatest width of Cubital-1 field 1.57–3.6 in male, 1.12–3.6 in female; median field surpass middle of the tegmen in male, near to apex in female; tympanal opening semicircle shaped, its medial height nearly 1.76–2.78 times in male, 1.66–2.68 times female of its medial width; the length of alae longer than half of the tegmen in both sexes, it reaching 3th abdominal terga-end of 5th abdominal terga in male, end of the 2nd -middle of the 4th abdominal tergum in female.

Abdomen ( Fig. 10 ): Cerci in male 1.4–2 and in female 1.30–2.46 times as long as wide; not reach to apex of anal tergum and middle of anal tergum like a channel in both sexes; ephiphallus two lobes, anterior projection of ephiphallus spicular, cingular valves of penis longer than apical valves. Subgenital plate short and conical in male, short, blunt and smooth in the middle in female, dorsal valves short, ventral valves slender and long. The dorsal lobe of the penis is shorter than the ventral lobe. The ephiphallus is three-lobed and yellowish-brown. The zygoma is apex-shaped and ephiphallus half as long as the anterior projection. The dorsal lobe of the penis is shorter than the ventral lobe.

Previous records from Turkey. Bayburt: Bayburt-Aşkale road, Kop Mountain pass, 2460 m, 8 males, 8 females (Leg. A. Mol ); Erzurum B̧y̧k Ģney Mountain, 2800–3000 m., 12.viii.1948, 2 males, 4 females; Palandöken, 8.ix.1967, 27 males, 35 females; Oltu Plateau, 7.vii.1970, 3 males, 7 females; Rize: İkizdere, Çağırtkankaya, 22.viii.1954, 2 males; İkizdere-İspir road, 25.km, 2000 m, 13.viii.2004, 2 females; 30.vii.2005, 3 males, 2 females (leg. A. Mol ) ( Karabağ 1953, 1957; Demirsoy 1975; Mol a& Zeybekoğlu 2013).

Material examined. Erzurum: Palandöken Mountains , N 39.823889, E 41.291944, 2890 m, 22.viii.2015, 2 males, 3 males ; Palandöken Mountains, across the Snowboard area , N 39.834167, E 41.277222, 2563 m, 30.vii.2017, 5 males, 5 females ; Rize: İkizdere-İspir road, Ovit Mountain pass, N 40.600000, E 40.856111, 2323 m, 19.viii.2015, 6 males, 10 females (leg. A. Mol , M.S. Taylan & D. Şirin) (deposited in ASUBTAM) .

Remarks. This species has not been assessed for the IUCN Red List (2022-2). The distribution of the G. acutus is restricted and its habitats are strongly under the threat of the anthropogenic effects such as wide transhumance activities, winter sports activities (several ski resorts), camping areas, picnic areas, mining, and overgrazing. The species should be considered as a Vulnerable (B1ab (i, iii)) status on the basis of the extent of occurrence criteries of IUCN (https://www.iucnredlist.org/).

Figures

FIGURE 5. Male calling song of G. (Gomphocerus) eyluldenizi sp. n. (a complete phrase (A), nine complete syllables (B) and two complete syllables (C)) and G. (Gomphocerus) transcaucasicus (a complete phrase (D), twelve complete syllables (E) and three complete syllables and pulses (F)).

FIGURE 7. Dorsal and lateral view of head and pronotum, and antennae in both sexes of Anatolian Gomphocerus taxa.

FIGURE 8. Tegmina in both sexes of Anatolian Gomphocerus taxa.

FIGURE 9. Foreleg of male and hindfemora in both sexes of Anatolian Gomphocerus taxa.

FIGURE 10. Tenth tergite and subgenital plate in both sexes of Anatolian Gomphocerus taxa.