Pterygotrigla (Parapterygotrigla) macrorhynchus Kamohara 1936

Richards, William J. & Yato, Takuji, 2014, Revision of the subgenus Parapterygotrigla (Pisces: Triglidae: Pterygotrigla), Zootaxa 3768 (1), pp. 23-42 : 29-30

Pterygotrigla (Parapterygotrigla) macrorhynchus Kamohara 1936

Longnose Gurnard

( Figure 3 , Tables 1, 2 & 4 )

Pterygotrigla macrorhynchus Kamohara 1936:481 , Fig. (original description, Japan); Kamohara 1952:72 (description); Kamohara 1958:59 (list); Kamohara 1961:6. Pl. 4 ( Fig. 1 ), (invalid " Neotype " designation); Kamohara 1964:78 (list, illustration); Ochiai & Yatou in Masuda et al. 1984:334 (list, description, illustration); Mandrytza & Manilo 1990:172 –173 (description); Richards 1999:2376 (distribution, description, illustration); Nakabo 2000:604 (list). Richards in Randall & Lim 2000:607 (list); Hutchins 2001:28 (list); Shinohara et al. 2001:315 (list) Nakabo 2002:604 (list); Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S103 (list); Shinohara et al. 2005:426 (list).

Dixiphistes macrorhynchus Fowler 1938:118 , Fig. 56 (original description).

Material examined. Indian Ocean: USNM 393313, 2 (144– 144 mm SL), RV Vityaz Cr.17, Sta. 2645, Indian Ocean, E of Madagascar, 22o20.5’S, 0 43o 03.6’E, 2 Dec. 1983, 450– 500 m; UF 170051, 1 (158 mm SL), RV Professor Messiatzev, Sta. 58, Indian Ocean, Mozambique Channel, 21o55’S, 0 35o 39’E, 22 Jan. 1976, 350– 353 m; SAIAB 82787 (formerly ZMMU P12001), 1 (115 mm SL), RV Akademik Knipovich St. 445, Indian Ocean, Andaman Sea, 11o46’S, 0 96o 51’E, 11 Mar. 1966; SAIAB 48052, 3(136–180 mm SL), off Mozambique, 16o20’S, 0 40o 08’E, 16 Jun. 1994; BMNH unregistered, 1 (110 mm SL), Maldives, GOPA Survey, 8 May 1996; WAM P28086-004, 2 (99–107 mm SL) Australia, Western Australia, 25 km SW of Rowley Shoals, 17o49’S, 118o41’E, 21 Aug.1983, 308– 310 m; CSIRO H2555-05, 208 mm SL, Australia, Western Australia, W of Pt. Alison, RV Soela 1/ 91/16. CSIRO H2556-17, 1 (181 mm SL), Australia, Western Australia, W of Pt. Alison, RV Soela 1/91/17.

Western Pacific Ocean: USNM 98875, 1 (106 mm SL), Holotype of D. macrorhynchus Fowler 1938 , Philippines, Point Tagolo Light, S. 71o W., 8.7 miles (08o47’N, 123o31’15”E), 9 Aug. 1909, 333 m; SU 32265, 1 (100 mm SL), Japan, off Honshu, Kumano-Nada, coll. Matsubara, 366 m; THUP 0 3051, 1 (92 mm SL), Taiwan; NTM 11755, 3 (111–126 mm SL), Australia, Queensland, E of Dunk Island, 17o58’S, 0 47o 04’E, 1 Jan. 1986, 302– 308 m; AMS I.25808, 6 (105–146 mm SL), Australia, Queensland, N of Townsville, 17o57’S, 174o03’E, 306 m; AMS I.25809-012, 6 (106.9–128.7 mm SL), Australia, Queensland, N of Townsville, 17o59’S, 147o06’E, RV Soela 1/86/18, 11 Jan. 1986, 300 m; NMV A11868, 1 (103 mm SL), Australia, Queensland, 95 km E of Dunk Island, 17o58.4’ S, 147o6.4’ E, 300 m; NMV A4374, 2 (111–137 mm SL), Australia, Queensland, 95 km E of Dunk Island, 18o00’ S, 147o08’E, 300 m; NMV A4375, 4 (121–144 mm SL), Australia, Queensland, 100 km E of Dunk Island, 17o19.3’ S, 147o06.3’ E, 298–300 m; NMV A4378, 1 (116 mm SL), Australia, Queensland, 95 km E of Dunk Island, 17o58.2’S, 147o04.2’E, 260 m; NMV A4379, 3 (111–127 mm SL), Australia, Queensland, 100 km E of Dunk Island, 17o59’S, 147o05.7’S, 302–308 m; NMV A4380, 4 (104–128 mm SL), Australia, Queensland, 95 km E of Dunk Island, 17o59.6’S, 147o06.1’E, 300 m.

Diagnosis. Snout long (17–24% SL) and wide, snout and head with depressed profile (15-30o), no antrorse rostral spine, rostral spines long and slender (10–28% SL), bucklers present at base of D1 fin, no spines along D2 fin bases.

Description. D 1 VIII (VII–X), D2 12(11–13), A 12(11–13), P1 13(12–15) + 3 with long rays (33–44% SL), vertebrae 11 + 16(15) = 27(26), GR 2(1–3) + 15(12–19) long and slender (3–5% SL), head long (37–43% SL), snout long (17–24% SL), body depth low (20–26% SL), cleithral spine length moderate (8–13% SL), caudal peduncle depth slender (4–6% SL), upper free P1 ray long reaching tip of joined rays or beyond (28–45% SL), P2 fin length moderate (24–27% SL), maxillary long (14–17% SL), orbit large (7–12% SL diameter, 6–9% SL height), interorbital width wide (7–11% SL), cheek height (9–12% SL), nape and breast lack scales. Pterygiophore interdigitation pattern: //1/2/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/2/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/.

Coloration. In preserved specimens with large black area in D1 fin, scattered spots in D2 fin, P1 fin usually with 3 dark bands, body uniformly pale.

Distribution. Widely distributed from Japan southward to Taiwan, the Philippines, northern Australia off Queensland and Western Australia, westward to the western Indian Ocean at the Maldives, Madagascar, southwest India, and coast of Mozambique, East Africa. Depths range from 300– 500 m.

Discussion. This wide ranging species poses some interesting problems. There is no evidence of morphological differences throughout its range even though there were few specimens examined, as variances and standard deviations were generally less than 1 for most characters examined ( Table 4 ). A majority of the collections came from an area east of Dunk Island off Queensland, Australia, but the counts and measurements from all of these specimens were within the normal range of values from elsewhere. Rostral spines are often broken so length measurements are highly variable as a result of damage. P1 connected and free fin ray lengths are variable, too. Snout angles are imprecise because of open gapes and this leads to variation. Future studies may reveal population differences that were not evident in the specimens examined. Richards in Randall and Lim (2000) lists Dixiphichthys ferculum Whitley 1952 as a synonym of Pterygotrigla macrorhynchus Kamohara 1936 ). This may be correct but perhaps was premature. See discussion of Dixiphistes ferculum below. Dixiphistes macrorhynchus Fowler 1938 is subjectively invalid as it is secondarily preoccupied in Pterygotrigla by Pterygotrigla macrorhynchus Kamohara 1936 .

Figures

FIGURE 3. Pterygotrigla macrorhynchus USNM 393313, 144.3 mm SL, from Madagascar, lateral view and dorsal view of head.

FIGURE 1 A. Pterygotrigla hoplites, CSIRO 2128 - 03, 87.3 mm, Western Australia near Rowley Shoals. B. Pterygotrigla hoplites, holotype, USNM 98874, 90.6 mm SL, Philippines, lateral view. C. Pterygotrigla hoplites, holotype, USNM 98874, 90.6 mm SL, Philippines, dorsal view of head.