Ctenitis nervata (Fée) R.S. Viveros & Salino (2017: 320)

Viveros, Raquel Stauffer, Rouhan, Germinal & Salino, Alexandre, 2018, A taxonomic monograph of the fern genus Ctenitis (Dryopteridaceae) in South America, Phytotaxa 385 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

19. Ctenitis nervata (Fée) R.S. Viveros & Salino (2017: 320) . Figs. 02D, 10F, 22A–B, 23D. Aspidium nervatum Fée (1869: 136) . Type:— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro, Glaziou 1764 (holotype P 00170061!).

Aspidium pedicellatum Christ (1908: 20) . Dryopteris pedicellata (Christ) Christensen (1913a: 88) . Ctenitis pedicellata (Christ) Copeland (1947: 124) . Type: — BRAZIL. São Paulo, Wettstein & Schiffner s.n. (lectotype P 00170056! designated by Viveros & Salino 2017).

Dryopteris indecora Rosenstock (1906: 117) . Type: — BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Perabeiraba, Stier s.n. [Herb. Rosenstock 50] (lectotype S05-11103! designated by Viveros & Salino 2017); remaining syntypes: — BRAZIL Santa Catarina: Joinville, Estrada Dona Francisca, Müller s.n. [Herb. Rosenstock 112] (UC!, NY!). Blumenau, Passo Mansa, Haerchen s.n. [Herb. Rosenstock 95] (not found).

Stems erect or ascending, 1.2–2.2 cm diam., scales 3.3–12.4 × 0.9–1.4 mm, castaneous, subclathrate, lanceolate, entire, without fimbriae; leaves 52–110 cm long; petioles 28–42 cm × 4.1–5.0 mm, with 6 vascular bundles at base, brownish, scales 4.0–8.7 × 0.3–0.7 mm, dark brown to blackish, subclathrate, not tangled on petiole base, patent or ascending, flattish, stiff, lanceolate with truncate base and attenuate apex, entire, without fimbriae, sparse catenate trichomes abaxially, glandular trichomes absent; laminae 24–68 × 14–31 cm, width ca. 1/2 of length or wider, 1- pinnate-pinnatifid basally, medially and apically, lanceolate or ovate, apex confluent; rachises brownish, scales like those on distal portion of petioles, sparse catenate trichomes abaxially, glandular trichomes absent; pinnae 8–16 pairs, the basal and medial ones stalked to 7.4 mm long, the apical ones sessile, basal pinnae basiscopically and acroscopically somewhat equally developed, the medial 6.9–16 cm × 1.8–3.5 cm, lanceolate, incised 1/2–2/3 of the distance between the segment apex and costa, basal segments shorter than the next, apex acuminate; adaxial pinnae axes scales absent, catenate trichomes dense on costa, bacilliform trichomes absent; adaxial laminar surface between veins glabrous; abaxial pinnae axes with sparse scales on costa, 0.8–1.4 × 0.3–0.6 mm, castaneous or dark brown, clathrate, ascending, flattish or twisted, flaccid to stiff, deltate or lanceolate with cordate base and attenuate or filiform apex, entire or slightly denticulate, with or without some short fimbriae at base and laterally, proscales to 1.9 mm long sparse on costule, rare on veins, catenate trichomes absent, bacilliform trichomes absent, glandular trichomes absent, filiform trichomes absent; abaxial laminar surface between veins glabrous; segments 17–21 pairs, 3.7–7.2 mm wide, patent or subfalcate, entire, apex truncate or obtuse, margin with catenate trichomes (almost glabrous), the distance from each other is narrower than segments width; veins simple, 6–10 pairs per segment, the basal ones from adjacent segments reach the margin at sinus, sometimes one vein reaches the margin at sinus and the other ends before the margin towards the sinus, or two pairs of basal veins reach the margin at sinus; sori medial or inframedial, indusia absent; spores with coarse folds.

Selected specimens examined:— BOLIVIA. La Paz: Franz Tamayo, Parque Nacional Madidi , sector Sumpulo , passando el río Mojos , entre Mojos y Pata, 976 m, 14º34’52”S, 68º46’34”W, 26 September 2009, Alanes et al. 162 ( UC) ; Pata , caminho hacia el N, 1470 m, 14º37’44”S, 68º40’19”W, 11 Nov 2003, Fuentes & Paniagua 5920 ( UC) ; Santa Cruz: Valle Grande, 12 km de Loma Larga a Masicuri , 1300 m, 18º47’S, 63º51’W, Kessler 6071 ( UC) ; BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Cariacica, Reserva Biológica Duas Bocas , 600 m, 20°17'29" S, 40°31'10" W, 18 January 2009, Labiak et al. 5175 ( RB) ; Mato Grosso: Nova Canaã do Norte, Trilha do Rancho do Tião , 237 m, 10°58'15" S, 55°43'20" W, 10 July 2008, Dias-Melo et al. 490 ( RB) ; Paraná: Morretes, Estação Marumbi , 02 January 1986, Kummrow & Cordeiro 2701 ( UC) ; Rio de Janeiro: Angra dos Reis, Reserva Eletronuclear , Trilha Porã , 22°59'52" S, 44°28'36" W, 22 September 2004, Mynssen & Bovini 693 ( RB) ; Itatiaia, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia , 1000 m, 20°26'17" S, 44°36'43" W, 16 December 2008, Damasceno & Costa 207 ( RB) ; Miguel Pereira, Reserva Biológica do Tinguá , 789 m, 22º32’39’’S, 43º26’01’’W, 11 July 2007, Sylvestre et al. 2077 ( RB) ; Nova Friburgo, Distrito de Macaé de Cima , 950 m, 22º23’25”S, 42º29’40”W, 28 Oct 2012, Salino et al. 15535 ( BHCB) ; Rio de Janeiro, Reserva Biológica do Tinguá , 22°32'39" S, 43°26'01" W, 11 July 2007, Sylvestre et al. 2077 ( RB) ; Santa Maria Madalena, Águas Paradas , 2 March 1936, Brade 1434 ( RB) ; Santa Catarina: Biguaçu , 18 January 1945, Reitz 1004 ( RB) ; Blumenau, A.D. Hering , 26°54'11" S, 49°07'09" W, 21 April 2010, Beckhauser 192 ( RB) ; Brusque , ca. 27º06’S, 48º54’W, 35–135 m, 9 March 1952, Smith & Reitz 6131 ( RB) ; Itapocu , 4 September 1897, Schwacke 12935 ( RB) ; Joinville , 1906, Müller 118a ( RB) ; São Paulo: Iguape, Rio Guaviranga , August 1921, Brade 21448 ( HB) ; Iporanga / Apiaí, Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira , Núcleo Caboclos , 24º32’22’’S, 48º41’36’’W, 29 April 2012, Mazziero et al. 1022 ( RB) ; São Luíz do Paraitinga, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Núcleo Santa Virgínia , Trilha da Pirapitinga , 900–950 m, 23º20’29”S, 45º08’48”W, 04 March 2001, Salino et al. 6122 ( BHCB) .

A TAXONOMIC MONOGRAPH OF CTENITIS IN SOUTH AMERICA

Phytotaxa 335 (1) © 2018 Magnolia Press • 59 60 • Phytotaxa 335 (1) © 2018 Magnolia Press

VIVEROS ET AL.

Habitat and distribution:—Terrestrial in rainforests, 35–1470 m. Bolivia, southeastern and southern Brazil ( Viveros & Salino 2017; Fig. 23D ; Tab. 01).

Notes:— Ctenitis nervata can be recognized by the pinnae incised ca. 1/2–2/3 of the distance between the segment apex and costa, sori without indusia and the veins are usually blackish. The basal ones from adjacent segments reach the margin at sinus, sometimes one vein reaches the margin at sinus and the other ends before margin towards the sinus, or two pairs of basal veins reach the margin at sinus ( Figs. 22A ). The indument of C. nervata is scarce, which resembles C. aspidioides (see corresponding notes for further differences). Several specimens of C. nervata were with dark sori, due to abortive sporangia (Fig. 08F) and consequently their spores were misshapen. However, in other specimens, the sporangia and spores seemed viable ( Fig. 10F ).

Figures

FIGURE 10. Spores of Ctenitis from South America. A: C. glandulosa (Salino 13626, BHCB, from Viveros & Salino 2015). B: C. grisebachii (Underwood 445, NY). C: C. laetevirens (Schimitt 561, BHCB). D: C. megalastriformis (Tuomisto 13393, UC). E: C. microchlaena (Mickel 2626, NY). F: C. nervata (Almeida 1682, BHCB). G: C. nigrovenia (Salino 15212, BHCB). H: C. paranaensis (Kozera 356, BHCB, from Viveros & Salino 2015). I: C. refulgens var. refulgens (Salino 15242, BHCB). J: C. refulgens var. peruviana (Schunke 5941, NY). K: C. submarginalis var. submarginalis (Verdi 1843, BHCB). L: C. submarginalis var. tenuifolia (Pietrobom 5015, BHCB). Scales bars = 10 µm.

FIGURE 22. Some morphological characters of Ctenitis from South America. A–B: C. nervata (Almeida 1682, BHCB). A: abaxial surface of a portion of rachis and two basal segments of a medial pinna. B: abaxial costa scale. C–D: C. nigrovenia (Salino 15212, BHCB). C: abaxial surface of a pinna, showing indument. D: abaxial costa scale. Scale bars in A = 1 cm; B = 0.5 mm; C, D = 1 mm.

FIGURE 23. Distribution of four species of Ctenitis in South America. A: C. laetevirens. B: C. megalastriformis. C: C. microchlaena. D: C. nervata.