Ctenitis fenestralis (C. Chr.) Copeland (1947: 124)

Viveros, Raquel Stauffer, Rouhan, Germinal & Salino, Alexandre, 2018, A taxonomic monograph of the fern genus Ctenitis (Dryopteridaceae) in South America, Phytotaxa 385 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

12. Ctenitis fenestralis (C. Chr.) Copeland (1947: 124) . Figs. 08E, 09L, 19A–C, 20A. Dryopteris fenestralis Christensen (1913a: 100) . Type:— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Petrópolis, Alto do Imperador, 21 March 1878, Glaziou 7026 (lectotype B 20 0055534!, designated here, isolectotypes B 20 0055535!, B 20 0055536!, BM 000937858!, K 000590329!, P 01608938!, P 01608939!, P 01608940!, P 01608941!).

A TAXONOMIC MONOGRAPH OF CTENITIS IN SOUTH AMERICA

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Dryopteris fenestralis C. Chr. var. spannagelii Rosenstock ex Christensen (1913a: 101) . Type: — BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: São Joaquim, Spannagel 174 (lectotype P 00170046! designated here, isolectotypes NY 0099431!, S 05-11195!, UC 441706!).

Stems erect or ascending, 2.4–3.2 cm diam., scales 3.7–12.4 × 0.7–2.5 mm, light castaneous, clathrate, lanceolate, entire or slightly denticulate, with or without some short fimbriae at base and laterally; leaves 51.4–127 cm long; petioles 22.5–50.5 cm × 2.7–8.1 mm, with 5 vascular bundles at base, stramineous or brownish, scales 3.0–28.5 × (0.6) 0.9–1.9 mm, light castaneous, clathrate, tangled on petiole base, becoming imbricate towards distal portion, flattish, flaccid, ovate with cordate base and filiform apex, slightly denticulate, with some short fimbriae at base and laterally, catenate trichomes absent abaxially, glandular trichomes absent; laminae (28.9) 52.3–76.5 × (19.8) 22.5–32.0 cm, width 1/3–1/2 of length or wider, 1-pinnate-pinnatisect basally, 1-pinnate-pinnatisect or 1-pinnate-pinnatifid, almost pinnatisect medially and apically, lanceolate or ovate, apex confluent; rachises stramineous, scales like those on distal portion of petioles, catenate trichomes absent or sparse and hidden by scales abaxially, glandular trichomes absent; pinnae (10) 17–20 pairs, the basal and medial ones stalked to 6.4 mm long, the apical ones sessile, basal pinnae basiscopically and acroscopically somewhat equally developed, the medial (10.5) 12.6–18.0 × 2.3–3.5 cm, lanceolate, incised more than 3/4 of the distance between the segment apex and costa, basal segments somewhat shorter than the next at basal pinnae, but longer at medial, apex attenuate; adaxial pinnae axes with sparse scales on costa, 0.9–6.2 × 0.06–0.18 mm, castaneous, filiform, catenate trichomes dense on costa, sometimes sparse on costule, bacilliform trichomes absent; adaxial laminar surface between veins glabrous; abaxial pinnae axes with dense scales on costa and sparse on costule, sometimes also on veins, (1.2) 1.8–3.4 × (0.2) 0.4–1.1 mm, light castaneous, clathrate, ascending, sometimes imbricate, flattish, flaccid, ovate with cordate base and attenuate or filiform apex, slightly denticulate, with or without some short fimbriae at base and laterally, proscales to 1.5 mm long sparse on costule, rare on veins, catenate trichomes sparse on costa and costule or absent, bacilliform trichomes sparse on costule and veins or absent, glandular trichomes absent, filiform trichomes absent; abaxial laminar surface between veins glabrous or with sparse bacilliform trichomes; segments 25–31 pairs, (2.5) 3.2–5.0 mm wide, patent or subfalcate, serrate, apex acute, margin with catenate trichomes, the distance from each other is narrower than segments width; veins simple or 1-forked at basal segments, 10–16 pairs per segment, the basal ones from adjacent segments end at margin well above the sinus; sori inframedial, rarely almost medial or supramedial at small individuous, indusia absent, but with a tuft of proscales among sporangia, spores aborted.

Selected specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Angra dos Reis, Serra do Mar , 800 m, 29 June 1935, Brade 14938 (HB, RB) ; Magé, Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos , Serra da Estrela , 22º32’56’’S, 43º09’53’’W, 900 m, 22 March 2010, Engelmann & Thier 604 ( RB) ; Paraty, APA Cairuçu , 900 m, 13 May 1991, Sylvestre et al. 656 ( RB) ; Santa Catarina: Lages , Garboldi & Spannagel 33a. ( HB) ; São Joaquim, Spannagel s.n. ( HB) ; São Paulo: Ubatuba, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Núcleo Picinguaba , 350–400 m, 23º24’44,5’’S, 45º10’11,9’’W, 30 October 2001, Salino et al. 7735 ( BHCB) .

Habitat and distribution:—Terrestrial, endemic to Atlantic Forest, 400–1350 m. Southeastern to southern Brazil ( Fig. 20A ; Tab. 01).

Notes:— Ctenitis fenestralis can be recognized by its sori without indusia, but with a tuft of proscales among the sporangia (Fig.08E). This species is also very scaly on axes abaxially, on costa, costule and sometimes on veins. The scales are light castaneous, ovate with base strongly cordate (deep sinus) and slightly denticulate with some fimbriae that tangled with many proscales on costule ( Figs. 19A – C ). The most similar species to C. fenestralis are C. deflexa and C. anniesii (see corresponding notes for differences). Specimens of C. fenestralis were with dark sori, due to abortive sporangia and consequently it was not easy to find spores. When found, their spores were malformed (Fig. 09L).

In describing Dryopteris fenestralis, Christensen (1913a) indicated the collection Glaziou 7026 in Herbarium Hauniense (C) and B. However, sheets of this collection are also in BM (a fragment purchased from Christensen’s herbarium), K and P. Supported by Art. 9.2, 9.11, 9.12 of ICN ( McNeill et al. 2012), we chose the one in B to be the lectotype, which is with a Christensen’s handwritten label.

In the protologue of D. fenestralis var. spannagelii, Christensen (1913a) cited the collection Spannagel 174 in Christ’s and in Rosenstock’s herbaria. In S there is one sheet of this collection with a stamp of Rosenstock’s, however without a Christensen handwritten’s label, and in P there is a sheet with a Christensen’s label and a stamp of Christ’s herbarium. We designate this last one as the lectotype (Art. 9.2, 9.5, 9.11, 9.12 of ICN — McNeill et al. 2012).

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Figures

FIGURE 19. Some morphological characters of Ctenitis from South America. A–C: Ctenitis fenestralis (Salino 7285, BHCB). A: abaxial surface of a portion of a pinna. B: abaxial costa scale. C: adaxial costa scale. D–E: C. flexuosa (Luederwaldt 1890, UC). D: abaxial surface of a portion of pinnule. E: abaxial costa scale. F–G: C. grisebachii (Grayum 3707, MO). F: abaxial surface of a portion of pinnule. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 20. Distribution of four species of Ctenitis in South America. A: C. fenestralis. B: C. flexuosa. C: C. glandulosa. D: C. grisebachii.