Luzarida lata Gorochov

Martins, Luciano De P., Da Silva, Luciene G., Henriques, Augusto L. & Zefa, Edison, 2013, First record of the genera Luzarida Hebard, 1928 and Luzaridella Desutter- Grandcolas, 1992 (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Phalangopsinae) from Brazil, including a new species and description of the female of Luzarida lata Gorochov, 2011, Zootaxa 3609 (4), pp. 421-430 : 422-425

Luzarida lata Gorochov

Luzarida lata Gorochov, 2011: 1060 [ Figs. 1 (10, 11), 5(1–3)]. Type locality: Guyana , “British Guyana , New River, 750 ft.”. Holotype in NHM, not examined.

Description of female ( Figs. 1, 3–13 ). Head dark brown with seven yellow longitudinal stripes in vertex, the median one shorter and narrower ( Fig. 5 ). Occiput, vertex and fastigium with fine pubescence and some long bristles. Eyes black outlined of light brown. Three ocelli arranged in triangle, the lateral ones slightly closer; median ocellus located at the apex of fastigium. Antenna brown; scape with a light yellow spot dorsally ( Fig. 5 ); flagellum banded white ( Figs. 1, 3–4 ). Clypeus and labrum brown with whitish portions. Palpi brown, whitish at apex; third segment of labial palpus rounded at apex; fifth segment of maxillary palpus with apical oblique truncation ( Fig. 6 ). Thorax brown; anterior margin of pronotum with long bristles; pronotal disc with several light yellow and light brown spots ( Fig. 5 ); pronotal lateral lobes blackish ( Fig. 7 ), ascending anterior portion visible dorsally ( Fig. 5 ). Legs dark brown; tibia I with a light brown median ring; tympanum present in both faces, oval and subequal in size; tibia II with median proximal region mixed light yellow and brown portions; femur III dark brown with portions clearer and a proximal light yellow spot in inner face; tibia III brown with a dark brown ring in proximal portion; four dorsal spurs and three apical ones on both faces of tibiae III; tarsomere I with two rows of denticles. Tegmina covering the first four tergites; dorsal field brown with six yellow veins connected by abundant reticulation; lateral field darker than dorsal one with four veins well-marked; radial vein whitish ( Fig. 8 ). Hindwings absent. Abdomen from light brown to dark brown; distal margin of supra-anal plate rounded ( Fig. 9 ); distal margin of subgenital plate v-shaped ( Fig. 10 ). Ovipositor brown, shorter than femur III, straight, ventral valves slightly longer than the dorsal ones. Cerci yellow. Copulatory papilla ( Figs. 11–13 ) cone-shaped with rounded apex; proximal margin with v-shaped notch, seen in dorsal view ( Fig. 11 ).

Additional observations in males. Subgenital plate with v-shaped margin. Stridulatory file of right tegmen with 68–74 teeth (n=6). Left tegmen without stridulatory file. Genitalia showed at Figs. 14–16 .

Habitat and male calling perches. Males and females live in litter. Males stridulated in trees trunks, between 30 and 70 cm, positioned perpendicular to the ground ( Fig. 17 ). Some specimens were found stridulating on dry leaves and twigs ( Fig. 18 ).

Calling song (n=6, 23.7–25.3°C): pulses emitted with inter-pulse interval rather variable; three temporal patterns ( Figs. 19–21 ): a) pulses almost regularly separated ( Fig. 19 ); b) pulses irregularly separated but without clear groups ( Fig. 20 ); c) pulses irregularly separated forming groups of two, three or four pulses ( Fig. 21 ). In some sound files it was found two of these temporal patterns in sequence ( Fig. 22 ). Pulse duration of 22.87 ± 2.09 ms (20–27, n=60) and inter-pulse interval of 159.07 ± 88.09 ms (38–364, n=54). The frequency band ranged from 2.2 to 3.3 kHz (n=6) with a dominant frequency of 2.75 ± 0.14 kHz (2.6–2.9, n=6). Pulse rate ranged from 2.56 to 26.32 pulses/s, depending on temporal pattern analyzed. Mostly active at night, rarely heard during the daytime.

Comments. Among Luzarida species only L. recondita has some information about their calling song (Nischk & Otte 2000). The song of this species differs in several aspects from L. lata remarkably in the pattern that pulses are emitted varying stretches of brief and long trills (from 16–20 pulses in brief trills to 350–400 pulses in long trills), pulse rate emitted very faster (from 107.6 to 125.5 pulses/s), and lower dominant frequency, about 2.2 kHz.

Measurements (mm). Female (n=8): body length, 20.46 ± 1.15 (19.5–22.52); pronotum length, 4.51 ± 0.14 (4.36–4.73); pronotum width, 4.98 ± 0.16 (4.84–5.35); head width, 4.09 ± 0.13 (3.91–4.29); length of femur III, 18.74 ± 0.72 (17.83–19.65); length of tibia III, 18.25 ± 1.14 (16.49–19.95); ovipositor length, 14.22 ± 0.67 (13.2–15.25). Male (n=7): body length, 20.02 ± 2.12 (17.40–23.67); pronotum length, 3.93 ± 0.42 (3.39–4.67); pronotum width, 4.82 ± 0.42 (3.48–5.27); head width, 3.80 0.27 (3.51–4.22); length of femur III, 17.38 ± 1.30 (15.54–19.55); length of tibia III, 16.8 ± 1.13 (15.16–18.74); tegmen length, 13.08 ± 0.97 (11.93–14.60); tegmen width, 12.54 ± 0.49 (12.10–13.21); dorsal field width, 8.96 ± 0.47 (8.43–9.61); lateral field width, 3.59 ± 0.09 (3.47–3.73).

Geographic records. Guyana : New River (Gorochov, 2011); Brazil (new record for Luzarida ): Amazonas: Manaus.

Material examined. BRASIL, AM[azonas], Manaus, R[eserva] F[lorestal] Adolpho Ducke, AM-010, 02º55’49”S, 59°58'31"W, 01–03.xi.2010. Coleta ativa. L. P. Martins & D. Mendes (23, 2Ƥ INPA; 13 MZUSP). idem 15–19.xii.2010 (43, 6Ƥ INPA). idem \ 15PROSET (13 MZUSP). idem \ 16PROSET (13 INPA). idem \ 40PROSET (13 INPA). idem \ 27PROSET (13 INPA). idem 26–28.ii.2011 (1Ƥ INPA). idem 26–28.ii.2011 \ 42PROSET (13 INPA). idem 26–28.ii.2011 \ 43PROSET (13 INPA). idem 21–24.iv.2011. L. P. Martins (23, 1Ƥ INPA; 1Ƥ MZUSP). idem \ 77PROSET (13 INPA). idem \ 85PROSET (13 INPA). idem \ 88PROSET (13 INPA). idem 26–31.viii.2011. L. P. Martins & V. Linard (13, 4Ƥ INPA; 1Ƥ MZUSP). idem \ 107PROSET (13 INPA). idem \ 110PROSET (13 INPA). idem \ 114PROSET (13 INPA). idem \ 118PROSET (13 INPA). idem \ 124PROSET (13 INPA). idem 23–28.ix.2011 \ 133PROSET (13 INPA). idem 14–19.x.2011. L. P. Martins & A. Souza (2Ƥ INPA). idem Grade PPBio (10- 6,7 e 8). 01–07.xii.2010. V. Linard & V. Tarli (13, 1Ƥ INPA). idem Grade PPBio (10–5) NS-1 a NS-6. 08–16.xi.2010. V. Linard (13 INPA).

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 10. Luzarida lata. 1 — female, habitus, dorsal view; 2 — male, habitus, dorsal view; 3 – 10 — female; 3 — habitus, dorsal view; 4 — habitus, ventral view; 5 — head and pronotum, dorsal view; 6 — palps, lateral view; 7 — head and pronotum, lateral view; 8 — left tegmen, dorsal view; 9 — supra-anal plate; 10 — subgenital plate.

FIGURES 11 – 16. Copulatory papilla and male genitalia of Luzarida lata. 11 – 13 — copulatory papilla; 11 — dorsal view; 12 — ventral view; 13 — lateral view; 14 – 16 — male genitalia; 14 — dorsal view; 15 — ventral view; 16 — lateral view.

FIGURES 17 – 23. Calling perches of Luzarida lata and spectrograms of L. lata and Luzaridella susurra sp. nov. 17 — Male of L. lata stridulating in the trunk of a tree, positioned perpendicular to the ground; 18 — Male of L. lata stridulating in a ravine on dry leaves; 19 – 22 — spectrograms of L. lata; 19 — pulses almost regularly separated; 20 — pulses irregularly separated but without clear groups; 21 — pulses irregularly separated forming groups of four pulses (1 + 3); 22 — transition between a calling song section with pulses irregularly separated forming groups of three and four pulses (a) and section with pulses irregularly separated but without clear groups (b); 23 — spectrogram with three phrases of L. susurra sp. nov paratype.