Macromeracis Enderlein

Fachin, Diego Aguilar, González, Christian R., Elgueta, Mario & Hauser, Martin, 2021, A catalog of Stratiomyidae (Diptera: Brachycera) from Chile, with a new synonym and notes on the species, Zootaxa 5004 (1), pp. 1-57 : 21-28

Genus Macromeracis Enderlein

Macromeracis Enderlein, 1921: 211 . Type species: Beris thoracica Philippi, 1865 , by original designation.

= Neochorisops Lindner, 1935: 397 . Type species: Neochorisops brasiliensis Lindner, 1935 , by monotypy. Syn. by James (1975a: 3).

= Macromeris Arnaud, 1979: 92 . Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Refs.: Enderlein, 1921: 155 (classification, in Beridinae : Beridini), 198 (in key); Aubertin, 1930: 98 (in key); Stuardo, 1946: 63 (cat.); James, 1973a: 26.6 (cat.); James, 1975a: 1 (in key), 3–4 (com., diag.), 4–6 (key to species); Woodley, 1995: 36, 39 (in key), 112 (redescr.); Woodley, 2001: 70 (cat.); Pujol-Luz & Pujol-Luz, 2014: 404 (list).

elongata Aubertin, 1930 (holotype, Figs 47–50 )

Macromeracis elongata Aubertin, 1930: 104 , fig. 9 (habitus lateral).

Holotype: female ( NHMUK, no collection number). Type locality: Chile, Castro. Distr.: Los Lagos Region: Llanquihue Province (Casa Pangue), Chiloé Province (Castro).

Refs.: Lindner, 1943: 91 (list); Stuardo, 1946: 63 (cat.); James, 1973a: 26.6 (cat.); James, 1975a: 5 (in key), 9 (com., diag.); Woodley, 1995: 117 (cat.); Woodley, 2001: 70 (cat.).

Comments. The two female paratypes mentioned in the original description are also in the NHMUK collection ( Fig. 49 ) .

engeli ( Lindner, 1943)

Huttonella engeli Lindner, 1943: 97 ; 91 (list).

Holotype: female ( ZSM). Type locality: Chile, Aysén Province, Calbuco [according to Lindner, 1943: 97, but probably an error; see comments]. Distr.: Araucanía Region: Cautín Province (20 km E of Temuco); Los Lagos Region: Llanquihue Province ( Calbuco ); Aysén Region: Aysén Province ( Puerto Cisnes ).

Refs.: James, 1973a: 26.4 (cat., as Benhamyia ); James, 1975a: 4 (in key, as Macromeracis ), 6–7 (suppl. descr.); Woodley, 1995: 117 (cat.); Woodley, 2001: 71 (cat.).

Comments. According to Lindner (1943: 91), the type locality of this species is Calbuco in Aysén Province, but it should be corrected to Llanquihue Province, where the city of Calbuco is located .

epsilon James, 1975a (holotype, Figs 51–53 )

Macromeracis epsilon James, 1975a: 8 ; 5 (in key); 27, fig. 7 (wing); 28, fig. 15 (male term.).

Holotype: male ( CNC, type number No. 15346; see Cooper & Cumming, 1993: 44). Type locality: Chile, Aysén Province, Puerto Cismes [= Puerto Cisnes], 72º40’W, 44º45’S. Distr.: Ñuble Region: Diguillín Province ( Las Trancas ); Biobío Region: Arauco Province ( Parque Nacional Nahuelbuta , Pichinahuel ); Araucanía Region: Malleco Province ( Termas de Tolhuaca , Río Blanco ); Los Lagos Region: Osorno Province ( Puyehue ), Llanquihue Province ( Carelmapu , Puerto Varas , Purranque ), Chiloé Province ( Chepu , Dalcahue ); Aysén Region: Aysén Province ( Puerto Cisnes ).

Refs.: Woodley, 1995: 117 (cat.); Woodley, 2001: 71 (cat.).

Comments. Of the 37 paratypes (24 males and 13 females) mentioned in the original description ( James 1975a), three (sexes not stated) are deposited in the WSU collection (WSU No. 822; see Zack, 1984: 23), seven (sexes not stated) in the CAS collection, and other 10 males and seven females in the CNC collection (see Cooper & Cumming, 1993: 44). Another five labeled as paratypes (four males and one female) are in the CNC, but the collection data do not conform with the localities given in the original description.

erecta James, 1975a

Macromeracis erecta James, 1975a: 12 ; 5 (in key).

Holotype: male ( UC = MEUC, currently in CAS, No. 19154; see Discussion). Type locality: Chile, Santiago Province, El Quisco. Distr. : Valparaíso Region: San Antonio Province (El Quisco).

Refs.: Woodley, 1995: 117 (cat.); Woodley, 2001: 71 (cat.).

Comments. Of the eight paratypes (seven males and one female) mentioned in the original description ( James 1975a), six (sexes not stated) are currently housed in the CAS collection. The depository institution of the remaining two paratypes remains unknown.

hirtiforceps James, 1975a

Macromeracis hirtiforceps James, 1975a: 10 ; 5 (in key); 28, fig. 16 (fem. term.).

Holotype: male ( CEUC = UMCE, not in MEUC nor in UMCE; localization unknown). Type locality: Chile, Chiloé

Province, Calle Ancud. Distr.: Los Lagos Region: Chiloé Province (Calle Ancud). Refs.: Woodley, 1995: 117 (cat.); Woodley, 2001: 71 (cat.). Comments. James (1975a), in the original description, mentioned an additional male paratype, but the depository institution was not stated.

luteiventris ( Philippi, 1865)

Beris luteiventris Philippi, 1865: 731 .

= Actina elegans Schiner, 1868: 71 . Lectotype: male (NMW). Type locality: Chile. Syn. by Woodley (1995: 117).

Syntype: male (description based on a single male according to James, 1975a: 11; it should be in the MNNC, but was not found; Woodley, 2001: 71 considered it destroyed). Type locality: Chile. Distr.: Coquimbo Region: Choapa Province (Hacienda Illapel); Valparaíso Region: Valparaíso Province (Valparaíso), Marga Marga Province, (Limache, Los Perales); Metropolitana Region: Santiago Province (Quebrada de la Plata).

Refs.: Reed, 1888 ( luteiventris and elegans as separate species): 284 (cat., luteiventris as Beris ), 285 ( elegans as Actina ); Hunter, 1900: 121 (cat.,); Kertész, 1908b: 125, 129 (cat.); Enderlein, 1913b: 550 (com., as Actina elegans ); Enderlein, 1921: 191 (list, Actina elegans ), 207 (com., Hoplacantha luteiventris ); Aubertin, 1930: 94 (list, Actina elegans and Macromeracis luteiventris ), 105 (com.); Lindner, 1943: 91 (list), 92 (distr.); Stuardo, 1946: 63–64 (cat.); James, 1973a: 26.4, 26.6 (cat.); James, 1975a: 5 (in key), 11 (com., diag.); Woodley, 1995: 117 (cat., elegans syn. of luteiventris ); Woodley, 2001: 71 (cat.); Camousseight, 2005: 93 (com.).

Comments. James (1973a: 24.6) mentioned Actina elegans Schiner, 1868 to occur in Colombia, but he corrected himself ( James 1975a: 9), as this was an error of locality information.

mima James, 1975a (holotype, Figs 54–57 )

Macromeracis mima James, 1975a: 7 ; 4 (in key); 27, fig. 6 (wing); 28, fig. 13 (male term.).

Holotype: male ( USNM). Type locality: Chile, Malleco Province, Parque Nacional [= Monumento Natural] Contulmo. Distr. : Araucanía Region: Malleco Province (Monumento Natural Contulmo).

Refs.: Woodley, 1995: 117 (cat.); Woodley, 2001: 71 (cat.).

Comments. James (1975a), in the original description, mentioned an additional male paratype, but the depository institution was not stated.

modesta ( Philippi, 1865)

Beris modesta Philippi, 1865: 730 .

Syntypes: sexes not stated (they should be in the MNNC, but were not found; Woodley, 2001: 71 considered them destroyed). Type locality: Chile, Valdivia Province, Los Ulmos. Distr.: Metropolitana Región : Santiago Province ( Apoquindo ); Los Ríos Region: Valdivia Province ( Los Ulmos at west of Paillaco ) .

Refs.: Reed, 1888: 284 (cat., as Beris ); Hunter, 1900: 122 (cat.); Kertész, 1908b: 126 (cat.); Brèthes, 1925: 208 (distr.); Aubertin, 1930: 94 (list); Lindner, 1943: 91 (list); Stuardo, 1946: 62 (cat.); James, 1973a: 26.5 (cat., as Beris , provisionally); Woodley, 1995: 117 (cat., as Macromeracis ); Woodley, 2001: 71 (cat.); Camousseight, 2005: 93 (com., as Beris ).

nana James, 1975a (holotype, Figs 58–60 )

Macromeracis nana James, 1975a: 12 ; 6 (in key).

Holotype: male ( CNC, type number No. 15347; see Cooper & Cumming, 1993: 45). Type locality: Chile, Aconcagua Province, Río Blanco. Distr.: Valparaíso Region: Los Andes Province ( Río Blanco ); Maule Region: Curicó Province ( Palos Negros ).

Refs.: Woodley, 1995: 117 (cat.); Woodley, 2001: 71 (cat.).

Comments. Of the four paratypes (three males and one female) mentioned in the original description ( James 1975a), two males and the female are deposited in the CNC collection (see Cooper & Cumming, 1993: 45). The depository institution of a fourth paratype remains unknown.

nordenholzi ( Lindner, 1943)

Huttonella nordenholzi Lindner, 1943: 98 ; 91 (list).

Holotype: female ( ZSM). Type locality: Chile, Aysén Province, Calbuco [according to Lindner, 1943: 98, but probably an error; see Macromeracis engeli ’s comments]. Distr.: Los Lagos Region: Llanquihue Province (Calbuco).

Refs.: James, 1973a: 26.4 (cat., as Benhamyia ); James, 1975a: 4 (com.); Woodley, 1995: 117 (cat., as Macromeracis ); Woodley, 2001: 71 (cat.).

Comments. Lindner (1943), in the original description, refers to two females, one is the holotype (see Woodley, 2001: 71) and the other, possibly labeled as paratype, has its depository institution not known.

penai James, 1975a

Macromeracis penai James, 1975a: 11 ; 6 (in key).

Holotype: male ( UC = MEUC, currently in CAS, No. 19155; see Discussion). Type locality: Chile, Malleco Province, Nahuelbuta National Park, 35 km W of Angol, 1220 m. Distr.: Ñuble Region: Diguillín Province (Las Trancas); Biobío Region: Arauco Province (Pichinahuel); Araucanía Region: Malleco Province (Curacautín, Parque Nacional Nahuelbuta, Río Blanco , Termas de Tolhuaca ); Los Lagos Region: Llanquihue Province (Carelmapu).

Refs.: Woodley, 1995: 117 (cat.); Woodley, 2001: 71 (cat.).

Comments. Of the 15 paratypes (eight males and seven females) mentioned in the original description ( James 1975a), four (sexes not stated) are deposited in the WSU collection (WSU No. 821; see Zack, 1984: 23) and other five (two males and three females) are in the CNC collection, which are not mentioned in Cooper & Cumming (1993). The depository institution of the remaining six paratypes remains unknown.

philippii ( Rondani, 1863) Chorisops philippii Rondani, 1863: 88 . = Beris longicornis Philippi, 1865: 731 . Syntypes: sexes not stated (they should be in the in MNNC, but were not found; Woodley, 2001: 71 considered them destroyed). Type locality: Chile, Valdivia Province. Syn. by James

(1975a: 7). = Chorisops philippi Hunter, 1900: 121 . Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Syntype: the number or the sexes of the specimens are not given in the original description (1 female found in MZUN, additional syntypes not found in MZUF; see Sforzi & Sommaggio, 2021: 230). Type locality: Chile. Distr .: Valparaíso Region: Marga Marga Province (Limache) ; Biobío Region: Arauco Province (Contulmo); Araucanía Region: Malleco Province ( Cordillera de Nahuelbuta ) ; Los Ríos Region: Valdivia Province (Valdivia); Los Lagos Region: Osorno Province (Pucatrihue, 8 km W Refugio la Picada, Volcán Osorno ) , Chiloé Province ( Ancud , Castro) ; Aysén Region: Aysén Province (Puerto Aysén, Puerto Cisnes , Puerto Puyuhuapi) .

Refs.: Reed, 1888: 284 (cat., only Beris longicornis ); Hunter, 1900 (as separate species): 121 (cat., Chorisops philippii and Beris longicornis ); Kertész, 1908b: 125, 131 (cat.); Aubertin, 1930: 94 (list, as Chorisops ), 98 ( longicornis to be placed in Macromeracis ); James, 1939: 596 (suppl. descr., as Macromeracis longicornis ), 598, fig. 71c (wing); Lindner, 1943 (as separate species): 91 (list, Chorisops philippii and Beris longicornis ), 94 (suppl. descr., in error as Neoexaereta philippii ); Stuardo, 1946: 63 (cat., as Chorisops philippii and Macromeracis longicornis ); James, 1973a: 26.6 (cat., as Macromeracis longicornis ), 26.7 (as Neoexaireta philippii ); James, 1975a: 4 (in key), 7 (diag., longicornis syn. of philippii , as Macromeracis ), 27, fig. 9 (antenna), 28, fig. 12 (male term.); Woodley, 1995: 117 (cat.); Woodley, 2001: 71 (cat.); Camousseight, 2005: 93 (com.).

reedi James, 1975a (holotype, Figs 61–65 )

Macromeracis reedi James, 1975a: 9 ; 5 (in key).

Holotype: female ( USNM). Type locality: Chile. Distr.: Chile (without precise locality).

Refs.: Woodley, 1995: 118 (cat.); Woodley, 2001: 71 (cat.).

Comments. James (1975a) described this species based on two females from Chile and aside from what is on the label, as collected by EC Reed , who lived in Valparaíso ( Etcheverry 1993), no additional data is available. According to James, these specimens had previously been identified as Actina elegans (= Macromeracis luteiventris ( Philippi, 1865)) by someone unknown, of which he stated that he added in his catalog ( James 1973a) that they were from Colombia, which was an error. Although he thought they could be females of M. luteiventris (= M. elegans ), they had very distinct coloration, so he preferred to describe it as a new species. The depository institution of the female paratype is unknown.

schlingeri James, 1975a

Macromeracis schlingeri James, 1975a: 12 ; 6 (in key); 27, fig. 10 (antenna).

Holotype: male ( UC = MEUC, currently in CAS, No. 19153; see Discussion). Type locality: Chile, Osorno Province, Pucatrihue, 40º28’S, 73º43’W, sea level. Distr.: Los Lagos Region: Osorno Province (Pucatrihue).

Refs.: Woodley, 1995: 118 (cat.); Woodley, 2001: 71 (cat.).

Comments. Of the 20 female paratypes mentioned in the original description ( James 1975a), three are deposited in the WSU collection (WSU No. 822; see Zack, 1984: 23) and other 15 are currently in the CAS collection. The depository institution of the remaining two paratypes is unknown.

similis ( Enderlein, 1921) (holotype, Figs 66–68 )

Hoplacantha similis Enderlein, 1921: 207 .

Holotype: female ( ZMHB). Type locality: Chile, “Cordilleren”, Rengo. Distr.: O’Higgins Region: Cachapoal Province (Rengo).

Refs.: Aubertin, 1930: 94 (list, as Hoplacantha ); Lindner, 1943: 91 (list); Stuardo, 1946: 64 (cat.); James, 1973a: 26.8 (cat., as Oplachantha ); Woodley, 1995: 118 (cat., as Macromeracis ); Woodley, 2001: 71 (cat.).

thoracica ( Philippi, 1865)

Beris thoracica Philippi, 1865: 730 .

Syntypes: sexes not stated (they should be in the MNNC, but were not found; Woodley, 2001: 72 considered them destroyed). Type locality: Chile , Valdivia Province, near Corral. Distr .: Metropolitana Region: Santiago Province (Santiago); O’Higgins Region: Cachapoal Province (Termas de Cauquenes, formerly Baños de Cauquenes ) ; Maule Region: Curicó Province (Cordillera Curicó, El Coigo) ; Biobío Region: Arauco Province ( Isla Mocha) , Concepción Province (Concepción); La Araucanía Region: Malleco Province ( Angol , Río Blanco ) ; Cautín Province (12 km N Loncoche, Termas Palguín ); Los Ríos Region: Valdivia Province (Panguipulli, Valdivia) .

Refs.: Reed, 1888: 284 (cat., as Beris ); Hunter, 1900: 122 (cat.); Kertész, 1908b: 126 (cat.); Enderlein, 1921: 211 (distr., orig. des., as Macromeracis ); Aubertin, 1930: 94 (list), 105 (com.); Lindner, 1943: 91 (list), 92 (suppl. descr.); Stuardo, 1946: 63 (cat.); James, 1973a: 26.6 (cat.); James, 1975a: 4 (in key), 8 (com., diag.), 28, fig. 14 (male term.); Woodley, 1995: 118 (cat.), 206, figs. 183–184 (male head), and 185–186 (fem. head), 207, figs. 187–190 (male term.); Woodley, 2001: 72 (cat.); Camousseight, 2005: 93 (com.).

trigonifera James, 1975a (holotype, Figs 69–71 )

Macromeracis trigonifera James, 1975a: 10 ; 5 (in key); 28, fig. 17 (male term.).

Holotype: male ( CNC, type number No. 15348; see Cooper & Cumming, 1993: 45). Type locality: Chile, Chiloé Province , Isla Chiloé , Dalcahue. Distr. : Araucanía Region : Cautín Province ( Temuco ); Los Lagos Region : Osorno Province ( Pucatrihue , 8 km W of Refugio la Picada, Río Golgol ), Llanquihue Province ( Carelmapu ), Chiloé Province ( Dalcahue ); Aysén Region : Aysén Province (Puerto Cisnes).

Refs.: Woodley, 1995: 118 (cat.); Woodley, 2001: 72 (cat.).

Comments. Of the 15 paratypes (seven males and eight females) mentioned in the original description ( James 1975a), one (sex not stated) is deposited in the WSU collection (WSU No. 823; see Zack, 1984: 24), and four males and four females are in the CNC collection (see Cooper & Cumming, 1993: 45). The depository institution of the remaining six paratypes remains unknown.

viridiventris ( Philippi, 1865)

Beris viridiventris Philippi, 1865: 731 .

Syntypes: sexes not stated (they should be in the MNNC, but were not found; Woodley, 2001: 72 considered them destroyed). Type locality: Chile. Distr.: Chile (without precise locality) .

Refs.: Reed, 1888: 284 (cat., as Beris ); Hunter, 1900: 122 (cat.); Kertész, 1908b: 127 (cat.); Aubertin, 1930: 94 (list), 96 (to be placed in Macromeracis ); Lindner, 1943: 91 (list); Stuardo, 1946: 63 (cat.); James, 1973a: 26.6 (cat., as Beris , provisionally); James, 1975a: 13 (com., as Macromeracis ); Woodley, 1995: 118 (cat.); Woodley, 2001: 72 (cat.); Camousseight, 2005: 93 (com., as Beris ).

Figures

FIGURES 47–57. Type specimens of Stratiomyidae. 47–50. Macromeracis elongata Aubertin, 1930, female, holotype [NH- MUK]. 51–53. Macromeracis epsilon James, 1975a, male, holotype [CNC]. 54–57. Macromeracis mima James, 1975a, male, holotype [USNM].

FIGURES 58–68. Type specimens of Stratiomyidae. 58–60. Macromeracis nana James, 1975a, male, holotype [CNC]. 61–65. Macromeracis reedi James, 1975a, female, holotype [USNM]. 66–68. Macromeracis similis Enderlein, 1921, female, holotype [ZMHB]. Scale bar, 1 mm.

FIGURES 69–72. Type specimen and collection drawer of Stratiomyidae. 69–71. Macromeracis trigonifera James, 1975a, male, holotype [CNC]. 72. Chiromyzinae drawer of the NHMUK, with Aubertin’s (1930) specimen of Chiromyza sp. circled in red.