Botanophila Lioy, 1864

Xue, Wan-Qi & Song, Wen-Hui, 2007, A review of the genus Botanophila Lioy (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) from China, with descriptions of three new species, Zootaxa 1633, pp. 1-38 : 2-4

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.179451
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:455FA0F3-9501-4EA2-BCFF-E021591458E2
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6241047
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scientific name	Botanophila Lioy, 1864
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Botanophila Lioy, 1864 View in CoL View at ENA

Botanophila Lioy, 1864: 990 View in CoL . Type species: Anthomyia varicolor Meigen, 1826 View in CoL , by monotypy.

Collinomyia Ringdahl, 1929: 269. Type species: Aricia gemmata Zetterstedt, 1860 , by monotypy.

Pegohylemyia Schnabl, 1911: 98 . Type species: Musca cinerea Fallén, 1824 View in CoL (= Egeria silvatica Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 ), by monotypy. Synonymized by Michelsen (1983).

Euryparia Ringdahl, 1929: 269 View in CoL . Type species: Anthomyia varicolor Meigen, 1826 View in CoL ), by monotypy. Preoccupied by Becker, 1911 ( Chloropidae View in CoL ).

Monochrotogaster Ringdahl, 1932: 19 View in CoL . Type species: Monochrotogaster unicolor Ringdahl, 1932 View in CoL , by monotypy.

Pseudomyopina Ringdahl, 1933: 31 View in CoL . Type species: Aricia moriens Zetterstedt, 1845 , by monotypy.

Diagnosis. Botanophila resembles Delia in general habitus. But Botanophila aedeagus with distal section largely membranous, without sclerotized acrophallus. Pregonite relatively low and small (not prominent), covered with setae of varied sizes and fused anteriorly with central plate of hypandrium. In Delia , the aedeagus is strongly sclerotized and the pregonite is well developed and bigger than the postgonite.

Biology. Larvae are mainly phytophagous. The larvae of B. dissecta (Meigen) , B. humeralis (Hennig) , B. latifrons (Zetterstedt) , B. lobata (Collin) , and B. phrenione (Séguy) live on Epichloe fungus on species of Graminaceae. The larvae of B. fugax (Meigen) and B. humeralis feed on monocotyledons. Larvae of some other species feed on dicotyledons. The larvae of B. gnava (Meigen) and B. sonchi (Hardy) live on flower heads of Sonchus spp. The larvae of B. jacobaee (Hardy) and B. seneciella (Meade) live on flower heads of Senecio (and have been used in Australia for the biological control of introduced weeds) ( Hennig 1970). The larvae of B. spinosa (Rondani) and B. turcica (Hennig) from southern France feed on Carthamus and Onopordum acanthium Linnaeus , respectively ( Vitou et al. 2001).

Flower visitations of adults are just as little known. Adults of B. latifrons can be found on Anthriscus silvester (Linnaeus) in Finland; B. maculipes (Zetterstedt) can be found on Solidago virgaurea (Linnaeus) in Småland, Sweden; B. sonchi has been reared from Sonchus oleraceus L. in Europe; B. profuga (Stein) can be collected on the flowers of Archanlica and Geranium in Iceland; and B. sanctimarci (Czerny) often can be seen around the flowers of Allium ursinum (Linnaeus) in Austria ( Hennig 1970). As some of these thistle hosts are significant weeds outside their native range (particularly in Australia), these anthomyiid flies have potential as biological control agents.

The natural predators and parasitoids of Botanophila are mainly Braconidae , Ichneumonidae , Diapriidae , Pteromalidae , Vespidae , and Staphylinidae ( Fan 1988a) .

Distribution. Cosmopolitan.

References

Becker, T. (1911) Chloropidae. Eine monographische Studie. III. Teil. Die Indo-australische Region. Annales Historico- Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 9, 35 - 170.

Fallen, C. F. (1824) Monographia Muscidum Sveciae. Part VII. Lundae, pp. 70 - 71.

Fan, Z. D. (1988 a) Economic insect fauna of China. [In Chinese.] Science Press, Beijing, China, pp. 228 - 230, 233 - 264.

Hennig, W. (1970) Anthomyiidae. In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region 63 a. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, pp. 329 - 424.

Lioy, P. (1864) I ditteri distribuiti secundo un nuovo metodo di classificazione naturale [part]. Atti del Reale Instituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, (3) 9, 989 - 1027.

Meigen, J. W. (1826) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten. Volume 5. Schulz, Hamm, pp. 167 - 176.

Michelsen V. (1983) A new species of Botanophila Lioy from Denmark (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). Entomologica scandinavica, 14, 293 - 296.

Ringdahl, O. (1929) Uebersicht der in Schweden gefundenen Hylemyia - arten mit posteroventraler Apikalborste an den Hinterschienen. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 50, 268 - 273.

Ringdahl, O. (1932) Vier neue Anthomyiden. Notulae Entomologicae, 12, 19 - 20.

Ringdahl, O. (1933) Oversikt av I Sverige funna Hylemyia - arter. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 54, 1 - 35.

Robineau-Desvoidy, J. B. (1830) Essai sur les Myodaires. Memoires presentes par divers Savans a l'Academie Royale des Sciences de l'Institut de France. Science Mathematiques et Physiques, Ser. 2, 2, 1 - 813.

Vitou, J., Briese, D. T., Sheppard, A. W. & Thomann, T. (2001) Comparative biology of two rosette crown-feeding flies of the genus Botanophila (Dipt., Anthomyiidae) with potential for biological control of their thistle hosts. Journal of Applied Entomology, 125, 89 - 95.

Zetterstedt, J. W. (1845) Diptera Scandinaviae disposita et descripta. Volume 4. Tomus quartus. Officina Lundbergiana, Lundae [= Lund], pp. 1281 - 1738.

Zetterstedt, J. W. (1860) Diptera Scandinaviae disposita et descripta. Volume 14. Tomus decimus qvartus seu ultimus, continens addenda, corrigenda & emendanda tomis prioribus, una cum indice alphabetico novarum specierum hujus & praecedentis tomi, atque generico omnium tomorum. Officina Lundbergiana, Lundae [= Lund], pp. 6191 - 6609.