Entomobrya linda Soto-Adames, 2002

Viana, Stéphanie Dos Santos, Morais, José Wellington De & Cipola, Nikolas Gioia, 2024, Taxonomic revision of Entomobrya Rondani, 1861 (Collembola: Entomobryidae: Entomobryinae) from the Brazilian Amazon, Zootaxa 5452 (1), pp. 1-110 : 96-104

Entomobrya linda Soto-Adames, 2002

Figs 71–72 , Table 1

Entomobrya linda Soto-Adames, 2002: 82 , figs 21–47, United States, Virgin Islands, Saint Thomas.

Examined material. Two females on slides and 1 specimen in alcohol ( INPA): Brazil, Roraima state, Caracaraí municipality, National Park of “Viruá”, 01°29’23”N, 61°00’12”W ( Fig. 72 ), 86 m, 01–15.iii.2016, malaise-trap, JA Rafael & R Boldrini coll. Four females on slides and 9 specimens in alcohol ( INPA): idem, except L1-500 grid, 01°29’12”N, 61°00’57”W, 66 m, 21–29.v.2015, SS Gadelha & DRR Fernandes coll. Fourteen specimens in alcohol ( INPA): idem, except L2-2500 grid, 01°28’39”N, 61°01’29”W, 75 m, SS Gadelha coll. One specimen in alcohol ( INPA): idem, except L4-500 grid, 01°27’34”N, 61°00’24”W, 65 m, 16.i–06.ii.2013, pitfall-trap, IPS Santos coll. Two females on slides ( INPA): Amajari municipality, “Serra do Tepequém”, “Manancial” inn, 03°46’55”N, 61°43’48”W, 623 m, 15–30.vi.2015, malaise-trap, PCS Barroso & Boldrini coll. Two females on slides and 11 specimens in alcohol ( INPA): idem, except 15–31.v.2015 . One specimen in alcohol ( INPA): idem, except 01– 15.vi.2015 .

Remarks. Entomobrya linda Soto-Adames, 2002 from the Virgin Islands and Entomobya barbata Siqueira & Bellini, 2020 from Brazil are compared due to their similarity in body color pattern, body proportion, dorsal macrochaetotaxy reduced, ventral tube anterior face with 3 mac, trochanteral organ with similar number of spine-like chaetae (9–12 in E. barbata and 9–11 in E. linda ), and mucro teeth subequal ( Soto-Adames 2002; Santos et al. 2020; Viana et al. 2022). As mentioned in Viana et al. (2022), the differences between these species are very narrow, and for this reason, a paratype of E. barbata deposited in INPA (INPA-CLL 0000256) was analyzed and compared with specimens of E. linda obtained in the present study from Roraima State ( Figs 71A–C ). In the original description of E. barbata ( Santos et al. 2020) , it is reported that the labral papillae have multiple projections, but we observed a single conical projection (similar to Fig. 44A ), diverging from E. linda by the rounded projections (see Soto-Adames 2002: 83, fig. 23), although the latter author does mention in the original description that he sometimes saw it in a conical shape ( Soto-Adames 2002). Another observed difference is the length of labial papilla E l.p. surpassing the base of a.a. in E. linda and not reaching the base of a.a. in E. barbata (as observed by Santos et al. 2020). Furthermore, both species on both sides of Th II have two chaetae as mes (m4 and m5), which eventually may have m4 as mac in E. linda , while m5 is a mac in E. barbata . In this context, although authors may interpret these chaetae (mac or mes) differently, it is evident that this characteristic can be supplementary and occasionally help in species identification.

Distribution. Known from Caribbean Islands ( Virgin Islands, Saint Kitts, and Nevis), Colombia ( Soto-Adames 2002; Soto-Adames & Anderson 2017; Cipola 2024) and now for the first time in the Roraima state, Brazil ( Fig. 72 ). This record indicates that E. linda probably has a wide distribution in the northern region of the Amazon biome.

Postembryonic development of the dorsal chaetotaxy in E. egleri

The dorsal chaetotaxy of the head and Th II to Abd V in 1 st, 4 th, 5 th instars (in part) and adults of E. egleri are herein provided and compared to other Entomobrya spp. (except head) and Homidia jordanai Pan & Zhang, 2011 ( Jordana & Baquero 2005; Pan et al. 2011; Zhang et al. 2019). The final pattern of adults of E. egleri is also compared with other Entomobryinae genera ( Zhang et al. 2009; Pan et al. 2011, 2012; Cipola & Bellini 2016; Cipola et al. 2016a, 2018b; Jin et al. 2017), aiming to improve the chaetae homology recognition between taxa. The nomenclature of the dorsal chaetotaxy herein provided in the descriptions of Entomobrya species were compared and supported by the study of the postembryonic development of E. egleri .

Head dorsal chaetotaxy ( Figs 15D , 73A–B , Table 4). The 1 st instar of E. egleri is similar to H. jordanai , except for the absence of the primary chaetae: A4, M0, S0’, S4 and S6 (named as S 5 in Pan et al. 2011: 30, fig. 29). From the 1 st to the 4 th instar, the An, M and S series show an increase of secondary chaetae, with the addition of Pi, Pmp and Ppe series. In the 5 th instar, An3a2 and S2e (present or absent) mac and three interocular secondary chaetae appears (q, s, r), and even the adult has mac additions in An series. Besides, most mic or mes transform into mac in M, S, Pi, Pmp and Ppe series. The development of H. jordanai also shows increasing numbers of mac in all series, except for A4, M0 and S0’, which disappear or change to mic (see Pan et al. 2011 Fig.5 ). Therefore, such additions, with the exception of A4, M0 and S0’ can be a shared feature in Entomobryinae .

The sutural series in the 1 st instar of Entomobryinae may contain 8 primary chaetae (S0–7), as in Homidia ( Pan et al. 2011) . Therefore, three chaetae traditionally named as S4i, S5 and S5i ( Jordana & Baquero 2005) are here named respectively as primary chaetae: S5, S6 and S7 ( Fig. 73A , Table 4). Even though, two of these chaetae (S4, S6) appear secondarily in Entomobrya and at least in Sinhomidia Zhang, 2009 (in Zhang et al. 2009) (see Pan et al. 2019: 49), and are likely homologous to the Homidia chaetae, so should named accordingly for a better comparison between different taxa.

Still on the head, based on the pattern of development of E. egleri , we propose a new interpretation for some posterior series of the head (Pi, Pmp and Ppe), which can be applied and compared with other Entomobrya species and Entomobryoidea in general ( Cipola et al. 2014, 2016b, 2018b, 2020, 2022; Bellini et al. 2015; Cipola & Bellini 2016; Pan 2015; Pan et al. 2019; Cipola & Greenslade 2022), as this region (named as Gr. II in Chen & Christiansen 1993) is often not labeled in descriptions due to a difficult interpretation (e.g. Chen & Christiansen 1993; Zhang et al. 2009; Pan et al. 2012, 2019). The original proposal for the dorsal macrochaetotaxy of the genus provided by Jordana & Baquero (2005) was based on observations of adults, and therefore some primary and secondary chaetae were mistakenly named, which is understandable given the difficulty of tracing the homology (e.g. position of Pa1 mac in relation to the ‘Pi’ series) ( Fig. 73B , Table 4). Consequently, such misconceptions were replicated in descriptions of Entomobrya spp. (like in Bellini et al. 2015), and some Entomobryinae genera, as Acanthocyrtus Handschin, 1925 , Amazhomidia , Coecobrya Yosii, 1956 , Homidia , Sinella Brook, 1882 and Sinhomidia ( Zhang 2009, Pan et al. 2011, 2012; Cipola & Bellini 2016; Cipola et al. 2016a, 2018b; Jin et al. 2017).

Th II dorsal chaetotaxy ( Figs 17A , 73A–B , Table 4). The 1 st instar of E. egleri is the same of Entomobrya nivalis ( Linnaeus, 1758) , but the pattern at this stage may have small differences between species, like E. proxima Folsom, 1924 with 4 chaetae (a1, m4, p1 and p2) as mic (see Zhang et al. 2019: 260). The 4 th instar has the addition of secondary chaetae (11 in a series, 8 in m series, and 7 p series), plus m1 modified into mac ( Fig. 73B , Table 4). Entomobrya nivalis also shows an increasing pattern of secondary chaetae in a, m and p series (see Zhang et al. 2019, fig. S1C). On the other hand, in the 5 th instar ( Fig. 73B ), three mes interchange into mac (a2e, a5i2, a5p), while two new mac arise (p1i, p2p). After the 5 th instar, as well as in the adult ( Figs 17A , 73B , Table 4), numerous mac appear in all series. This developmental pattern is similar to E. nivalis , including an extra chaeta which does not appear in the final stages until the adult (named here as p 2ei). In this context, the posterior region is generally ignored in some descriptions (Fulgol 2017; Baquero & Jordana 2018; Jordana & Greenslade 2020), possibly due to complexity of variations and/or interpreting of chaetae homology.

Th III dorsal chaetotaxy ( Figs 17A , 73A–B , Table 4). The 1 st instar has a, m and p series with 7 (a1–7), 5 (m1, m4–7) and 7 (p1–6) primary chaetae, respectively. The Entomobrya species (and other Entomobryinae ) have the same primary pattern (see Zhang et al. 2019: 260–261), but E. egleri differs by 8 mac (a2, a4, a6, m6–7, p1–3). Therefore, this can be a unique condition of the species, or even represent a pattern shared by other taxa from the Brazilian Amazon.

In the 4 th instar three chaetae change to mac (a5, m5 and p5) and nine secondary chaetae emerge, two of which as mac (p2a and m6e). Some of these chaetae (e.g. m5i, m6e, m6p) may have arisen before the 4 th instar, as seen in E. nivalis (see Zhang et al. 2019: S12). However, the 4 th instar of E. nivalis has more secondary chaetae. This may be characteristic of this species, because in E. egleri (and perhaps in the other species of the Brazilian Amazon) about half of the chaetae change to mac (a1, a3, a5i, p1i, p1p, p2e) and/or appear (a5e, p1ip, p1p2, p6e) only in the final stages (after 5 th instar) ( Figs 17A , 25A , 32A , 39A , 64A , 69A , Table 4).

Abd I dorsal chaetotaxy ( Figs 17B , 74A–B , Table 4). The 1 st instar has a, m and p series with 5 (a1–3, a5–6), 5 (m2–6) and 2 (p5–6) primary chaetae, respectively, the same pattern seen in other Entomobrya species, except E. proxima which has two chaetae as mes/mic (m2–3). In the 4 th instar (or before), two secondary chaetae arise (m2i, m4i), forming a pattern of four mac (m2, m3, m4i, m4) in which another secondary mac emerges in the 5 th instar, resulting in a similar pattern shared between other species herein studied (except E. bicyana sp. nov.). However, this pattern differs from E. nivalis because m4i and m4ia mac only appear in adults (named respectively as m4p and m4i in Zhang et al. 2019: S14). On the other hand, Entomobrya sp. ( Zhang et al. 2019: S14) shows three extra mac in the 3 rd instar (a3, m2i, “ m4p ” = m4i) and two more in 4 th instar (a3, a5), but such mac appears only in adults of E. egleri ( Fig. 17B , Table 4). This development pattern is not generic. Note that two secondary chaetae traditionally named as m4ip (or m4p) and m4i ( Jordana & Baquero 2005; Zhang et al. 2019) are renamed here (m4i and m4ia respectively) as they are internally positioned in relation to their primary chaetae (m4) ( Fig. 74B , Table 4).

Abd II dorsal chaetotaxy ( Figs 17B , 74A–B , Table 4). The 1 st instar has a, m and p series with 6 (a1–3, a5–7), 6 (m2–7) and 4 (p4–7) primary chaetae (plus el), respectively, the same pattern seen in other Entomobrya species, except E. proxima with 1 primary mac (m3) ( Zhang et al. 2019: 260). The 4 th instar has numerous secondary chaetae which arise at this stage, as seen in E. nivalis , except for m3e mac which appears during the 2 nd instar, but this overall pattern is observed in many Entomobryinae (see Zhang et al. 2019: S16 and S17). The m3ep mac is a chaeta which may emerge at different stages, as observed in 5 th instar of E. egleri , 2 nd in Entomobrya huangi Chen & Ma, 1998 , 3 rd in Entomobrya sp. , and only in the adult of E. nivalis . In this sense, the other secondary mac (a2–3, m6, p6–7) of E. egleri also arise at the end of the development, and probably show a specific configuration to each species ( Table 4), or perhaps this may be a development pattern shared between species from the Brazilian Amazon.

Abd III dorsal chaetotaxy ( Figs 17B , 74A–B , Table 4). The 1 st instar has a, m and p series with 6 (a1–3, a5–7), 7 (m2–5, m7, am6, pm6) and 4 (p3, p5–7) primary chaetae, respectively, plus 5 chaetae of uncertain homology, similar to other Entomobrya species ( Zhang et al. 2019: 261). Although the initial pattern of E. egleri resembles other taxa of the genus, it differs by m3 as mic and Pm6 as mac, the latter being also observed in E. nivalis . In the 4 th instar, numerous secondary chaetae of uncertain homology emerge, and three chaetae change to mac (am6, p6, p7), but at least two of them (am6, p6) probably arise during the 2 nd or the 3 rd instar, as seen in E. nivalis ( Zhang et al. 2019: S18). In adults, five mac may be present ( Table 4).

Abd IV dorsal chaetotaxy ( Figs 17C , 74A–B , Table 4). The 1 st instar of E. egleri is similar to other Entomobrya species, with three primary mac (B4, B5, E3) plus three chaetae from the B series (B4–6), near the posterior region ( Zhang et al. 2019: 261). Furthermore, two primary chaetae (Be3, C4a) which were never observed in the 1 st instar of Entomobrya are present in E. egleri , and are probably present in all the species of the Brazilian Amazon (except for E. bicyana sp. nov.), given their presence in adults as well ( Figs 25C , 32C , 39C , 57C , 64C , 69C , Table 4). However, this will need to be better investigated to confirm whether this primary pattern is unique to E. egleri . In the 4 th instar, numerous secondary chaetae emerge, including four series (Ae, Ce, Ee, Fe), which likely appeared in the 2 nd instar, as seen in E. nivalis ( Zhang et al. 2019: S20). In this stage, there are 14 extra mac (A2, A5, A6, Si, B3, B6, Sm, D3, E2–2p, E4, F1, F2, F3), some of which were previously mic/mes (e.g. A2, A5, A6), while others likely appeared in the 2 nd instar (e.g. Si, Sm), as with Entomobryoidea in general ( Zhang et al. 2019). In the 5 th instar, Be3 mac arises on the inner region, and then, in the subadult/adult, some chaetae change to mac, forming two irregular transverse rows, an anterior (A2, Ae2, B1, Be2, C1) and another subsequent row (A3–3p, Si, B3, Be3, Sm, C1p), plus extra mac clusters which emerge in the posterior region (A6a, A6p, A6p2). This pattern of anterior and posterior regions is similar to Entomobrya koreana Yosii, 1965 ( Zhang et al. 2019: S21), as well as other Entomobryinae , as Acanthocyrtus , Amazhomidia , Lepidocyrtoides Schött, 1917 , Homidia and Sinhomidia , although in the latter two there is only one transverse row ( Zhang et al. 2009; Pan et al. 2011, 2012; Cipola et al. 2016a, 2017, 2018b; Jin et al. 2017). The lateral region of E. egleri is also similar to E. koreana ( Zhang et al. 2019: S21), but compared with adults of other species from the Brazilian Amazon it is still confusing to determine the homology of some mac ( Figs 25C , 32C , 39C , 57C , 64C , 69C , Table 4).

Abd V dorsal chaetotaxy ( Figs 17C , 74A–B , Table 4). The 1 st instar has a, m and p series with 4 (a1, a3, a5–6), 3 (m2–3, m5) and 5 (p1, p3–6) primary chaetae (plus el), similar to other Entomobrya species (see Zhang et al. 2019: 261), except in p series laterally, which has three chaetae with uncertain homologies. The 4 th instar has five chaetae which change to mac (a5, p1, p3–5), four more secondary chaetae (a5a, a6a, m3a, p0) and two extra secondary series of p (pa and pp) ( Table 4), which probably occurred in the 3 rd instar, as seen in E. nivalis (see Zhang et al. 2019: S25). The pattern observed in the 4 th instar of E. egleri is similar to the adult, except for a6a as mac, but this difference may probably occur in other species of Entomobrya as well.

Key to Brazilian species of Entomobrya

1 Unguiculus ai lamella clearly excavate ( Fig. 65D )........................................................... 2

- Unguiculus ai lamella acuminate or slightly truncate ( Figs 18E , 33G )........................................... 7

2 Abd IV anteriorly with two small longitudinal dark stripes (see Arlé 1959: 203)................... E. aipatse Arlé, 1959

- Abd IV color pattern different........................................................................... 3

3 Ant IV apical bulb present ( Fig. 49A )..................................................................... 4

- Ant IV apical bulb absent ( Figs 30A , 43A )................................................................. 6

4 Ant IV apical bulb unilobed; body all pigmented or only with Abd IV–VI depigmented (see Arlé 1959: 201)............................................................................................. E. ataquensis Arlé, 1959

- Ant IV apical bulb bilobed ( Fig. 49A ); body color pattern different............................................. 5

5 Head with M4i, Ppe3 and Pe6 mac (see Viana et al. 2022: 265).......................... E. uai Viana & Cipola, 2022

- Head without M4i, Ppe3 and Pe6 mac ( Fig. 50A )............................................ E. bicyana sp. nov.

6 Head with S4i and Pe6 mac ( Fig. 68A ); unguiculus pe lamella serrated ( Fig. 70D )........... E. pseudomaculata sp. nov.

- Head without S4i and Pe6 mac ( Fig. 62D ); unguiculus pe lamella smooth ( Fig. 65D )............... E. idenilzae sp. nov.

7 Ant IV apical bulb present ( Fig. 49A )..................................................................... 8

- Ant IV apical bulb absent ( Fig. 30A ).................................................................... 17

8 Unguiculus III ai lamella slightly truncate ( Fig. 33G )........................................................ 9

- Unguiculus III ai lamella acuminate ( Fig. 26E )............................................................ 10

9 Labral papillae with 3 projections......................................... E. juneae Santos-Costa & Bellini, 2020

- Labral papillae with 1 conical projection ( Fig. 44A )................................. E. wasmanni Handschin, 1924

10 Unguiculus III pe lamella serrate or with at least 3 teeth ( Figs 18E , 58E )........................................ 11

- Unguiculus III pe lamella smooth ( Fig. 33G ).............................................................. 13

11 Unguiculus III pe lamella with 3 teeth ( Fig. 58E ); Abd IV with transversal bands of pigment........................ 12

- Unguiculus III pe lamella serrate ( Fig. 18E ); Abd IV with a U-shaped dark spot (see Katz et al. 2015: 53)............................................................................................. E. nivalis ( Linnaeus, 1758) 12 Labral papillae conical ( Fig. 44A ); labial papilla E l.p. surpassing the base of a.a ...... E. barbata Siqueira & Bellini, 2020

- Labral papillae rounded ( Fig. 50B ); labial papilla E l.p. not reaching the base of a.a .......... E. linda Soto-Adames, 2002

13 Mucro proximal tooth subequal or larger than the distal one.................................................. 14

- Mucro proximal tooth shorter than the distal one........................................................... 16

14 Dorsal head with 1 posterior thin longitudinal dark stripe (see Arlé, 1939: 27).................... E. tupiana Arlé, 1939

- Dorsal head with different color pattern.................................................................. 15

15 Th II–Abd III with a longitudinal dark stripe (see Bonet 1933:132)......................... E. decora ( Nicolet, 1847)

- Th II–III with a transversal dark band (see Bonet 1933:137)............................... E. inaequalis Denis, 1924

16 Ant IV apical bulb bilobed or trilobed; central head with a dorsal V-shaped dark spot (see Christiansen 1958b: 466).................................................................................. E. griseoolivata ( Packard, 1873)

- Ant IV apical bulb unilobed; central head without a dorsal V-shaped dark spot ( Bellini et al. 2015:8)............................................................................................ E. bahiana Bellini & Cipola, 2015

17 Body with two dorsal longitudinal stripes on the median region ( Fig. 21 )............. E. paroara Arlé & Guimarães, 1978

- Body color pattern different........................................................................... 18

18 Th II–Abd III with a transverse dark band ( Figs 12–14 , 29 , 54 ), if absent, the body is mostly depigmented ( Figs 14B and G )................................................................................................... 19

- Body almost completely pigmented, without clear spot patterns ( Figs 36 , 42 ).................................... 21

19 Central head without pigment ( Fig. 54B ); head with Ps5, Pp4 and Pe6 mac ( Fig. 55C )................ E. elizeuli sp. nov.

- Central head color pattern variable ( Figs 29A–F ); head without Ps5, Pp4 and Pe6 mac ( Fig. 30E ).................... 20

20 Labial papilla E l.p. not reaching the base of a.a ( Fig. 16B ); collophore anterior region with 3–4 distal mac ( Fig. 19A ); Abd IV with 19 posterior mes ( Fig. 17C ); unguiculus III pe lamella serrated ( Fig. 18E ).......... E. egleri Arlé & Guimarães, 1978

- Labial papilla E l.p. surpassing the base of a.a ( Fig. 31B ); collophore anterior region with 6 distal mac ( Fig. 34A ); Abd IV with 16 posterior mes ( Fig. 32C ); unguiculus III pe lamella smooth ( Fig. 33G )....................... E. uambae Arlé, 1959

21 Labral inner papillae with 2–3 projections, outer with 2 ( Fig. 38A ); Abd IV with 15 posterior mes ( Fig. 39C ); manubrial plate with 2 psp ( Fig. 41C )................................................................ E. acreanensis sp. nov

- Labral inner and outer papillae only with 1 projection each ( Fig. 44A ); Abd IV with 19 posterior mes ( Fig. 45C ); manubrial plate with 3 psp ( Fig. 47C )........................................................... E. albitrigona sp. nov.

Figures

FIGURE 5. Entomobrya egleri Ant I proximal region and head (lateral left view), A–H are eyes, dashed lines indicate some dorsal head chaetal series (An3a2–3, M4, S4–7, Pa3 and Pa5 mac, Pa6 bothriotrichum), the white arrow indicates a dorsal apically foot-shaped mac, red arrow a dorsal mac on Ant I. Scale bars: 0.02 mm.

FIGURE 12. Entomobrya egleri habitus of fixed specimens in ethanol from Pará state: (A–F dorsal view, G–L lateral view); A and G, specimens from Ananindeua municipality; B and H, specimens from Belém municipality; C and I, specimens from Rurópolis municipality; D and J, specimens from Belterra municipality; E and K, specimens from Capitão Poço municipality; F and L, specimens from Marajó Island. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 13. Entomobrya egleri habitus of fixed specimens in ethanol from Amazonas state: (A–D dorsal view, E–H lateral view); A–C and E–G, specimens from Manaus municipality; D and H, specimens from Careiro Castanho municipality. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 14. Entomobrya egleri habitus of fixed specimens in ethanol from other Brazilian states: (A–E, dorsal view; F–J, lateral view); A–B and F–G, specimens from Manoel Urbano municipality, Acre state; C and H, specimens from Senador Guiomard municipality, Acre; D and I, specimens from Caracaraí municipality, Roraima state; E and J, specimens from Amajari municipality, Roraima. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 15. Entomobrya egleri antennae and dorsal head: A, Ant III distally (lateral view); B, chaetotaxy of left Ant II–I (dorsal view) respectively, arrows indicate elongated sens, ventral apically acuminate mac and dorsal apically foot-shaped mac; C, clypeal and prelabral chaetotaxy, arrow shows pl2 chaeta bifurcated or normal; D, head chaetotaxy (left side).

FIGURE 16. Entomobrya egleri ventral head: A, labral papillae, arrow indicates outer papilla with one outer projection eventually secluded; B, labial papillae E (left side); C, proximal chaetae and basomedian and basolateral labial fields, arrows indicate M2 and R chaetae present or absent; D, cephalic groove and anterior part of the postlabial chaetotaxy.

FIGURE 17. Entomobrya egleri dorsal chaetotaxy (left side): A, Th II–III; B, Abd I–III; C, Abd IV–V.

FIGURE 18. Entomobrya egleri legs: A–C, chaetotaxy of subcoxa I–III respectively (outer side); D, trochanteral organ (posterior view); E, distal tibiotarsus and empodial complex III (posterior view).

FIGURE 19. Entomobrya egleri abdominal appendages: A collophore chaetotaxy (lateral view); B, distal manubrium (ventral view); C, manubrial plate (dorsal view), arrow shows the chaetal representation, including chaetae present or absent; D, dens distal chaetotaxy (dorsal view), arrows show the distribution of the inner and outer modified chaetae; E, dens distally and mucro (inner view).

FIGURE 21. Entomobrya paroara habitus of fixed specimens in ethanol: (A–D, dorsal view; E–H, lateral view); A and E, specimens from Santarém municipality, Pará state; B–C and F–H, specimens from Maués municipality, Amazonas state; D and H, specimens from Novo Airão municipality, Amazonas. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 25. Entomobrya paroara dorsal chaetotaxy (left side): A, Th II–III; B, Abd I–III; C, Abd IV–V.

FIGURE 26. Entomobrya paroara legs: A–C, chaetotaxy of subcoxa I–III respectively (outer side); D, trochanteral organ (posterior view); E, distal tibiotarsus and empodial complex III (posterior view).

FIGURE 29. Entomobrya uambae habitus of fixed specimens in ethanol from Mato Grosso state: (A–F, dorsal view; G–L, lateral view); A–C and G–I respectively, specimens from Feliz Natal municipality; D and J, specimens from Vera municipality; E and K, specimens from Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade municipality; F and L, specimens from Campos de Julho municipality. Scale bars: 1 mm, except E and K (0.5 mm).

FIGURE 30. Entomobrya uambae antennae and dorsal head: A, apex of left Ant IV (dorsal view); B, Ant III distally (lateral view); C, chaetotaxy of left Ant II–I (dorsal view) respectively, arrows indicate elongated sens, dorsal apically foot-shaped mac, and smooth mic present or absent in Ant I; D, clypeal, prelabral and labral chaetotaxy, arrow shows pl2 chaeta bifurcated or normal; E, head chaetotaxy (left side).

FIGURE 31. Entomobrya uambae ventral head: A, labral papillae; B, labial papillae E (left side); C, maxillary palp and sublobal plate (left side); D, proximal chaetae and basomedian and basolateral labial fields, arrow indicates M2 chaeta present or absent; E, cephalic groove and anterior part of the postlabial chaetotaxy.

FIGURE 32. Entomobrya uambae dorsal chaetotaxy (left side): A, Th II–III; B, Abd I–III; C, Abd IV–V.

FIGURE 33. Entomobrya uambae legs: A–C, chaetotaxy of subcoxa I–III respectively (outer side); D, trochanteral organ (posterior view); E, tibiotarsus II macrochaetotaxy (inner view); F, distal tibiotarsus and empodial complex I (posterior view), arrow shows the apex of ai lamella; G, distal tibiotarsus and empodial complex III (posterior view).

FIGURE 34. Entomobrya uambae abdominal appendages: A, collophore chaetotaxy (lateral view), arrows on the lateral flap indicate ciliate or smooth chaetae; B, distal manubrium (ventral view); C, manubrial plate and proximal dens (dorsal view), arrow shows the representation of the chaetotaxy; D, dens distally and mucro (outer view).

FIGURE 36. Entomobrya acreanensis sp. nov. habitus of fixed specimens in ethanol: A–B, dorsal view; C–D, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 38. Entomobrya acreanensis sp. nov. ventral head: A, labral papillae, arrow shows an outer papilla; B, labial papillae E (left side); C, cephalic groove and anterior part of the postlabial chaetotaxy.

FIGURE 39. Entomobrya acreanensis sp. nov. dorsal chaetotaxy (left side): A, Th II–III; B, Abd I–III; C, Abd IV–V.

FIGURE 41. Entomobrya acreanensis sp. nov. abdominal appendages: A, collophore chaetotaxy (lateral view); B, distal manubrium (ventral view); C, manubrial plate (dorsal view), arrow shows the chaetal representation, including chaetae present or absent; D, dens distally and mucro (outer view), arrow shows the distribution of the inner modified chaetae.

FIGURE 42. Entomobrya albitrigona sp. nov. habitus of a fixed specimen in ethanol: A, lateral view; B, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 43. Entomobrya albitrigona sp. nov. antennae and dorsal head: A, apex of left Ant IV (ventral view); B, chaetotaxy of left Ant II–I (dorsal view) respectively, arrows indicate elongated sens, ventral apically acuminate mac and dorsal apically foot-shaped mac; C, clypeal, prelabral and labral chaetotaxy, arrow shows pl2 chaeta bifurcated or normal; D, head chaetotaxy (left side).

FIGURE 44. Entomobrya albitrigona sp. nov. ventral head: A, labral papillae; B, labial papillae E (left side); C, maxillary palp and sublobal plate (left side); D, proximal chaetae and basomedian and basolateral labial fields, arrow indicates M2 chaeta present or absent; E, cephalic groove and anterior part of the postlabial chaetotaxy.

FIGURE 45. Entomobrya albitrigona sp. nov. dorsal chaetotaxy (left side): A, Th II–III; B, Abd I–III; C, Abd IV–V.

FIGURE 47. Entomobrya albitrigona sp. nov. abdominal appendages: A, collophore (lateral view); B, distal manubrium (ventral view); C, manubrial plate and proximal dens (dorsal view), arrow shows the representation of the chaetotaxy; D, dens distally and mucro (outer view).

FIGURE 49. Entomobrya bicyana sp. nov. antennae and clypeus: A, apex of left Ant IV (ventral view), arrow indicates the pin projection; B, Ant III distally (lateral view, apical organ omitted), red arrows indicate finger-shaped sens, yellow arrow points to smaller guard sens, and green arrow indicates a ciliated chaeta; C, chaetotaxy of left Ant II–I (dorsal view) respectively, arrows indicate elongated sens, ventral apically acuminate mac and dorsal apically foot-shaped mac; D, clypeal and prelabral chaetotaxy, arrow shows pl chaeta weakly serrated. Scale bars: B (0.01 mm), D (0.005 mm).

FIGURE 50. Entomobrya bicyana sp. nov. head: A, head dorsal chaetotaxy (left side); B, labral papillae, arrow shows a variation of the inner papillae; C, labial papillae E (left side); D, cephalic groove and anterior part of the postlabial chaetotaxy.

FIGURE 54. Entomobrya elizeuli sp. nov. habitus of a fixed specimen in ethanol: A, lateral view; B, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 55. Entomobrya elizeuli sp. nov. antennae and dorsal head: A, chaetotaxy of left Ant II–I (dorsal view) respectively,

FIGURE 57. Entomobrya elizeuli sp. nov. dorsal chaetotaxy (left side): A, Th II–III; B, Abd I–III; C, Abd IV–V.

FIGURE 58. Entomobrya elizeuli sp. nov. legs: A–C, chaetotaxy of subcoxa I–III respectively (outer side); D, trochanteral organ (posterior view); E, distal tibiotarsus and empodial complex III (posterior view).

FIGURE 62. Entomobrya idenilzae sp. nov. antennae and dorsal head: A, apex of left Ant III (ventral view); B, chaetotaxy of left Ant II–I (dorsal view) respectively, arrows indicate elongated sens, ventral apically acuminate mac and dorsal apically footshaped mac; C, clypeal and prelabral chaetotaxy; D, head chaetotaxy (left side).

FIGURE 64. Entomobrya idenilzae sp. nov. dorsal chaetotaxy (left side): A, Th II–III; B, Abd I–III; C, Abd IV–V.

FIGURE 65. Entomobrya idenilzae sp. nov. legs: A–B, chaetotaxy of subcoxa II–III respectively (outer side); C trochanteral organ (posterior view); D distal tibiotarsus and empodial complex III (posterior view).

FIGURE 68. Entomobrya pseudomaculata sp. nov. head: A, chaetotaxy of left Ant II–I (dorsal view) respectively, arrows indicate elongated sens, ventral apically acuminate mac and dorsal apically foot-shaped mac; B, clypeal and prelabral chaetotaxy; C, head chaetotaxy (left side); D, labral papillae, arrows show shape variations of the inner papillae; E, cephalic groove and anterior part of the postlabial chaetotaxy.

FIGURE 69. Entomobrya pseudomaculata sp. nov. dorsal chaetotaxy (left side): A, Th II–III; B, Abd I–III; C, Abd IV–V.

FIGURE 70. Entomobrya pseudomaculata sp. nov. legs and abdominal appendages: A–B; chaetotaxy of subcoxa II–III respectively (outer side); C, trochanteral organ (posterior view); D distal tibiotarsus and empodial complex III (anterior view); E, collophore (lateral view); F, distal manubrium (ventral view); G, manubrial plate (dorsal view), arrow shows the chaetal representation, including chaetae present or absent.

FIGURE 71. Entomobrya linda habitus of fixed specimens in ethanol from Roraima state: (A–C, dorsal view; D–F, lateral view); A–B and D–E, specimens from Caracaraí municipality; C and F, specimen from Amajari municipality. Scale bars: 0.5 mm, except C and F (1 mm).

FIGURE 72. Map depicting the records of the six new Entomobrya species from Brazilian Amazon, including new records of E. linda and the type locality of E. aipatse reported in the original description (Arlé, 1959); different colors of the stars represent the type localities of each species, circles represent additional localities.

FIGURE 73. Entomobrya egleri juvenile dorsal chaetotaxy of head to Th III (left side); A, 1st instar; B, 4th and part of 5th instar (indicate with an asterisk “*”).

FIGURE 74. Entomobrya egleri: juvenile dorsal chaetotaxy of Abd I–Abd V (left side); A, 1st instar; B, 4th and part of 5th instar (indicate with an asterisk “*”).