Buccinum commaculatum, Gmelin, 1791

Geiger, Daniel L., 2022, Anton August Heinrich Lichtenstein’s (1794) Catalogus Rerum Naturalium Rarissimarum, pars secunda. Facsimile edition and annotated translation, Zootaxa 5127 (1), pp. 1-126 : 85

Buccinum commaculatum . Specked needle. Gmelin sp. 143.

Terebra commaculata (Gmelin, 1791) : Terebridae . Indo-Pacific.

665 Two elongated needles. Martini vol. 4, pl. 154, fig. 1452.

Buccinum digitellus . The thimble/foxglove. Gmelin sp. 156.

Anon. (1761) indicated it to be a synonym of Mitra mitra ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Mitridae , [as Mitra episcopalis ( Linnaeus, 1758) ]. However, that does not agree with Gmelin’s (1791) reference to Rumphius pl. 29, fig. Q, which shows a smooth, unpatterned, and tall spired shell, possibly a Colus sp. ( Buccinidae ).

666 A dotted wound thimble/foxglove. Rumphius pl. 29, fig. Q.

Buccinum obliquum . The narwhale [?] horn. Gmelin sp. 157.

Nomen dubium according to Bratcher & Cernohorsky (1987), following Deshayes (1832).

667 Three light brown needles. Rumphius pl. 30, fig. F.

668 A smooth bellied one of the above.

Genus 324. Strombus . Wing snails.

Strombus fusus . Star needle. Gmelin sp. 1.

Tibia fusus ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Strombidae . Indo-Pacific.

669! A particularly beautiful large star needle. (Starre-Penn.) from the Red Sea. 8 1/ 2 inches. Martini vol. 4, pl. 158, figs. 1495, 1496. Knorr vol. 5, pl. 6, fig. 1; pl. 7, fig. 1.

670! A equally beautiful one of the above, 8 inches.

671! One of the same 7 inches.

672!! A dark Strombus variety; with darkly striated teeth of the lip: fifteen whorls on the shell. An extremely rare East Indian star spindle, entirely the same as Chemnitz vol. 4, p. 34, vignette 41, however, with the difference, that the drawing of the points at the aperture are brown, and not as supposedly they are white, also this one has 15 whorls, but that one according to its description [on] p. 338 only 13 whorls, its length is 8 1/ 4 inches.

673!! A no less beautiful East Indian star spindle with star-shaped flew 6 1/ 2 inches. Martini vol. 4, pl. 159, fig. 1500. D’Argenville pl. 10, fig. D.

Strombus pespelicani . Bird foot. Gmelin sp. 2.

Aporrhais pespelecani ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Aporrhaidae . NW Europe to Mediterranean.

674 Two pelecan’s feet. (Five finger snail.) Martini vol. 3, pl. 85, figs. 849, 850. Knorr vol. 3, pl. 7, fig. 4.

675 One of the same blue one of the above. Martini vol. 3, pl. 85, fig. 848.

Strombus chiragra . Boat hook. Gmelin sp. 3.

Lambis chiragra ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Strombidae . Indo-West to Central Pacific.

676 A large boat hook (Devil’s claw). 11 inches.

677 One of the same smaller.

678 One of the above with open castings. (The female of the devil’s claw.) Martini vol. 3, pl. 85, figs. 851, 852. Rumphius pl. 35, fig. B.

679 One of the above with red streaked mouth.

680 Two juvenile snails of this gender. (Strompjes.) Martini vol. 3, pl. 92, figs. 900, 901. Rumphius pl. 35, fig. C.

681! Strombus chiragra new variety, the entirely white shell is thick, is surrounded by three rows of tubercules, extending in the closed fingers; sparingly radiated with gold. A rare variety of the gender, entirely white and thick shelled with 3 rows of knots over the body, which end in the wings with closed castings, the inner whorl is somewhat lesser than the Podagra snail ornamented with fine orange rays, 3 1/ 2 inches. (So far still unknown.)

682! Strombus chiragra , as the above named female; entirely white, shell delicate, with open tips of the finger. The equally rare female, entirely white, thin shelled and with open castings, 2 1/ 2 inches, both very rare.

Strombus lambis . Crab snail. Gmelin sp. 5.

Lambis lambis ( Linnaeus, 1758) : Strombidae . Indo-Pacific.

683 Two yellow spotted crabs, one of them very noticeable because of the externally curved feet. Martini vol. 3, pl. 86, fig. 885.

684 Two of the same.

685 Two very beautiful brown-spotted crabs, with particularly high and compressed knobs, man and wife, with closed and open castings, 5 inches. Martini vol. 3, pl. 87, figs. 858, 859. Knorr vol. 1, pl. 28, fig. 1.

686 The male once more.