Orthiopteris campylura (Kunze) Copel., Fern Fl. Philip. 1: 87. 1958.

Luong, Thien Tam, Hovenkamp, Peter H. & Sosef, Marc S. M., 2015, Revision of the fern genus Orthiopteris (Saccolomataceae) in Malesia and adjacent regions, PhytoKeys 53, pp. 39-71 : 46-47

1. Orthiopteris campylura (Kunze) Copel., Fern Fl. Philip. 1: 87. 1958.

Davallia inaequalis var. minor Hook., Sp. Fil. 1: 180, pl. 58A. 1846. Lectotype (selected here): PHILIPPINES. Luzon, Cuming 119 (K, on 2 sheets: K000794851*, K000794853*, isolectotypes: K: K000794864*, MICH: MICH1259585*).

Davallia campylura Kunze, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 8: 132. 1850. Lectotype (selected here): PHILIPPINES. Luzon, Cuming 119 (herb. Kunze, not traced, isolectotypes: K: K000794851*, K000794853*, K000794864*, MICH: MICH1259585*, see below).

Saccoloma campylurum (Kunze) Mett. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. sér. 4, 15: 80. 1861. Type. Based on Davallia campylura Kunze

Saccoloma moluccanum (Blume) Mett. in Kuhn var. stenolobum Christ, Bull. Herb. Boissier, ser. 2 6: 1005. 1906. Type. PHILIPPINES. Mabacal/Rizal, III, 1906, Loher s.n. (holo: P, on 4 sheets: P01566098*, P01566099*, P01566100*, P01566101*).

Saccoloma minus (Hook.) C.Chr., Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 4: 399. 1929. Type. Based on var. minor Hook.

Ithycaulon minus (Hook.) C.Chr., Index. Fil. Suppl. 3: 116. 1934. Type. Based on var. minor Hook.

Orthiopteris minor (Hook.) Copel., Gen. Fil.: 50. 1947. Type. Based on var. minor Hook.

Type.

PHILIPPINES. Luzon, Cuming 119

(K000794851 [http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000794851],

K000794853 [http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000794853],

K000794864 [http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000794864];

MICH, 1259585 [http://quod.lib.umich.edu/h/herb2ic/x-mich1259585/mich1259585.tif]).

non Saccoloma alatum (Heward) (J. Sm.) Mett., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 4, 15: 80. 1861, nec Microlepia alata J. Sm., J. Bot. (Hooker) 3: 416. 1841, which is based on Davallia alata Heward, Mag. Nat. Hist. & J. Zool. II. ser. 2, 2: 465. 1838, nom. illeg, non Blume (1828).

Type. Jamaica, Heward. John Smith (1841) applied this name to the Asiatic specimen (Cuming 119, Luzon, Philippines) but as Smith’s the name is validated by Heward’s description it is typified by the Heward specimen from Jamaica.

Description.

Rhizome erect, rising at least 20 cm above ground, diameter 1.5 cm. Rhizome scales pseudopeltate to peltate, 4-7 × 1.0-1.7 mm, narrowly lanceolate, attenuate toward apex. Fronds 100-130 × 40-50 cm; stipes slender, 37-40 cm long, 0.5 -1 cm across (at base), dark brown; lamina deltoid, tripinnate, 70-100 × 40-50 cm, rather thick herbaceous, rigid, brown-green when dry, scaly; pinnae at 40-45° to rachis, largest at base, slightly overlapping, stalked 1 cm, including stalk up to 23-25 × 9-10 cm, lanceolate, first basiscopic pinnules of lowest pinnae enlarged; ultimate segments 0.9-2.0 × 0.3-0.6 cm, sessile or very short-stalked, oblong trapeziform, apex obtuse to acute, margin with weak cartilaginous border; distance from vein to base of sinuses ca. 1.0 mm; crenate-dentate, shallowly to deeply incised, lobes obtuse to acute, veins in lobes 3-15 forks, light to dark brown, not strongly contrasting with lamina, percurrent. Scales on rachis mostly present at base of pinnae or pinnules, irregularly triangular, basifix, 0.7-0.9 × 0.3-0.4 mm.

Distribution.

Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia (Pahang, Perak, Selangor), Java, Borneo (Sabah, Kalimantan Timur), Philippines (Leyte, Luzon, Mindanao, Negros), Moluccas (Seram), New Guinea, Vanuatu (Aneityum), Fiji (Vanua Levu, Taveuni) (Figure 8 ).

Ecology.

Terrestrial, mostly in shaded moist habitats, river banks, moist slopes, ravines etc., in primary or disturbed forest, at 0-2000 m altitude.

Discussion.

Orthiopteris campylura is the most variable species within the genus. It is widely distributed from Western Malesia to Papua New Guinea and the Pacific, existing as different entities in each sub-geographical region, which in many cases have been recognized as individual species. However, we have regularly observed samples that were intermediate between the forms, and accordingly treat them here as varieties rather than as subspecies. Characters of the sori provide the best criteria to distinguish these varieties.

There are no data that suggest that any of the varieties is distinguished by a different ecology.

Figures

Figure 8. Distribution of Orthiopteris campylura and its varieties.