Eocithara, Fischer, 1883

Merle, Didier & Pacaud, Jean-Michel, 2004, New species of Eocithara Fischer, 1883 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Harpidae) from the Early Paleogene with phylogenetic analysis of the Harpidae, Geodiversitas 26 (1), pp. 61-87 : 66-68

Eocithara (s.s.) mutica ( Lamarck, 1803) ( Figs 1E ; 4 A-D; 6D)

Harpa mutica Lamarck, 1803: 167 , 168; vélin 3, fig. 24. Harpa altavillensis Defrance, 1821: 303 .

Harpa baylei Mayer, 1877: 93 .

Harpa mutica – Lamarck 1805: 227, pl. 44, fig. 14. — Deshayes 1835: 642, pl. 86, figs 14, 15; 1865: 524. — Kecskemétiné-Körmendi & Mészàros 1980: 63, 106, pl. 8, fig. 12.

Harpa cf. mutica – Strausz 1966: 62, 134.

Harpa mutica altavillensis – Deshayes 1865: 524.

Harpa (Eocithara) mutica – Fischer 1883: 601. — Cossmann 1889: 214; 1897: 232, 233 (96, 97), pl. IX, figs 7-9; 1899: 73-75, fig. 10, pl. 3, figs 22, 23. — Cossmann & Pissarro 1901: 33, pl. X, fig. 7; 1913: pl. XLVI, fig. 209-1. — Wenz 1943: 1310, fig. 3732. — Korobkov 1955: pl. 84, figs 8-11. — Glibert 1960: 48. — Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 120. — Pacaud & Le Renard 1996: 166.

Eocithara (s.s.) mutica – Rehder 1973:224, 225, pl. 192. Eocithara (s.s.) mutica altavillensis – Rehder 1973: 225. TYPE MATERIAL. — Syntypes (Lamarck coll.).

TYPE LOCALITY. — Grignon, Yvelines, France, Lutetian (middle Eocene).

MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Cuisian. Saint-Gobain , Aisne, 1 ex. ( MNHN R 63430, Leroy coll., Fig. 4C, D ) ; 2 ex. ( MNHN B65986 and B65997, Lhomme coll.) ; 1 ex. ( MNHN R 11390, Schtrock coll.) ; 1 ex. (Six coll.); Coeuvres-et-Valséry , Aisne, fragments (Leroy coll.) .

Lutetian. Brasles , Aisne, 1 ex. ( MNHN R 11393, Faullummel coll.) ; Châteaurouge , Oise, 1 ex. ( MNHN R 11397, Faullummel coll.) ; Chaumont-en-Vexin , Oise, 4 ex. ( MNHN R 11061, Braillon coll.), 1 ex. ( MNHN R 11060) ; Fercourt , Oise, 6 ex. ( MNHN R 11062, Braillon coll.), 3 ex. ( MNHN B65992) ; 7 ex. ( MNHN R 11394, Faullummel coll.) ; Hermes , Oise, 1 ex. ( MNHN R 11392, Faullummel coll.) ; Mouchy-le- Châtel , Oise, 1 ex. ( MNHN R 65996), 3 ex. ( MNHN J05527 [ Fig. 6D ] and J05728 , Cossmann coll.) ; 2 ex. ( MNHN R 11391, Schtrock coll.) ; 1 ex. ( MNHN R 63429, Schtrock coll.) ( Fig. 4A, B ) ; Parnes , Oise, 3 ex. ( MNHN B65995), 4 ex. ( MNHN B65994) ; Les Boves , Parnes, Oise, 4 ex. ( MNHN B65993) ; Ponchon , Oise, 3 ex. ( MNHN R 11396, Faullummel coll.) ; Précy-sur- Oise , Oise, 1 ex. ( MNHN J05727 , Cossmann coll.) ; Ully-Saint-Georges, Oise , 3 ex. ( MNHN B65997) ; Chaussy , Val d’Oise, 1 ex. ( MNHN B69171), 2 ex. ( MNHN B65988), 2 ex. ( MNHN B65999), 1 ex. ( MNHN B65990), 1 ex. ( MNHN R 11059, Boule coll.), 2 ex. ( MNHN R 11398, Faullummel coll.) ; Fontenay-en-Vexin , Eure, 2 ex. ( MNHN R 11399, Faullummel coll.) ; Saulx-Marchais , Yvelines, 9 ex. ( MNHN B65991) ; Thionville-sur-Opton , Yvelines, 1 ex. ( MNHN R 11395, Faullummel coll.) ; Villiers- Saint-Frédéric , Yvelines, 5 ex. ( MNHN R 11400, Faullummel coll.) .

NEW STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE. — Cuisian (lower Ypresian) to upper Lutetian.

MEASUREMENTS (Cuisian material). — R63430: height 24.8 mm, maximal width 14 mm; R65986: height 12 mm, maximal width 7 mm; R65997: height 13 mm, maximal width 7 mm.

DESCRIPTION (based on the Cuisian material). — Shell 25 mm in height and 14 mm in width. Paucispiral protoconch of 2.5 smooth whorls. Teleoconch of five convex whorls. Spire 20% of the total length. Simple, linear suture. Axial sculpture of thin lamellose, abaxialy oriented major varices. Posterior part of major varices adapicaly projecting and moderately covering base of penultimate whorl. 19 major slightly sinuose varices on first whorl and 12 to 13 on last whorl. Four to ten lamellose secondary varices between major varices. Spiral ornamentation of four narrow primary cords (P1 to P4) on first whorl. P1 delineating small carina on end of first whorl. Secondary cords appearing on third whorl. Primary and secondary cords indistinguishable on last whorl. Cord spine P1 forming a simple lamellose spinelet on last whorl. Axial microsculpture with numerous and fine striae. Oblong aperture 72% of the total length, contracted in abapical angle. Centre of columella round, lightly curved on anterior part. Columellar callosity small, well delineat- ed in its labial part. Pseudoumbilicus very narrow, closed by columellar callosity, delineated by umbilical ridge. Umbilical ridge well marked by siphonal fascioles, curved dorsally. Siphonal canal short, curved dorsally. Outer lip thin, slightly thickened by the last varix, orthocline, with parasigmoid outline.

COMPARISONS

These Cuisian Eocithara specimens are clearly referable to the Lutetian species Eocithara (s.s.) mutica , by having a paucispiral protoconch of 2.5 whorls, by the slightly sinuose varices on the first teleoconch whorl, and by the late appearance of the P1 spine on the last whorl. They only differ from the Lutetian specimens by a smaller size (Lmax = 24.8 mm; Lmax = 41 mm in the Lutetian population). E. (s.s.) mutica resembles E. (s.s.) elegans ( Deshayes, 1835) from the Parisian Bartonian by its protoconch of 2.5 whorls ( Figs 1E, F ; 6D, E ) and by its axial and spiral sculpture on the first teleoconch whorls. It shares the same sculpture on the first teleoconch whorls with E. (s.s.) submutica (d’Orbigny, 1852) from the Aquitaine Rupelian. However, E. (s.s.) elegans and E. (s.s.) submutica have a more strongly developed spiral sculpture (probably the secondary cords) on the last whorl and many specimens possess reinforced varices that are lacking in E. (s.s.) mutica . E. (s.s.) submutica is also distinguished by having a multispiral protoconch ( Figs 1C ; 6C ). Two other species also seem to be related to E. (s.s.) mutica : E. (s.s.) californiensis ( Vokes, 1937) from middle Eocene rocks of California (Domengine stage) and E. (s.s.) hilarionis (de Gregorio, 1880) from the middle Eocene of northern Italia. E. (s.s.) californiensis has been regarded as a subspecies of E. (s.s.) mutica ( Vokes 1937; Rehder 1973). According to Rehder (1973), the differences between the teleoconch characters of the European and the American specimens are slight, but with the protoconch missing in E. (s.s.) californiensis, it is difficult to argue that they represent one species. The same problem occurs with E. (s.s.) hilarionis.

Figures

FIG. 1. — Multispiral (A-D), paucispiral protoconchs (E-G) and teleoconch early sculpture of harpids; A, Eocithara (s.s.) helenae n. sp., holotype MNHN R63431, Tuilerie of Gan, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France, Ypresian; B, E. (s.s.) jacksonensis (Harris, 1896), MNHN J05528 (Cossmann coll.), Jackson, USA, Priabonian; C, E. (s.s.) submutica (d’Orbigny, 1852), MNHN R63796 (Merle coll.), Gaas, Espibos, Landes, France, Rupelian; D, Harpa doris Röding, 1798, MNHN R11402 (Lecointre coll.), Praia de Castalho, Cape Verde, Recent; E, Eocithara (s.s.) mutica (Lamarck, 1803), MNHN J05527 (Cossmann coll.), Mouchy-le-Châtel, Oise, France, Lutetian; F, E. (s.s.) elegans (Deshayes, 1835), MNHN R11401, Vendrest, Seine-et-Marne, France, Bartonian; G, Austroharpa tenuis (Tate, 1889), MNHN J05731 (Cossmann coll.), Muddy Creek, Australia, Balcombian. Abbreviations: P1-4, abapical primary cords; PS, protoconch scar; s, secondary cords. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIG. 4. — A, B, Eocithara (s.s.) mutica (Lamarck, 1803), MNHN R63429 (Schtrock coll.), Chaussy, Val d’Oise, France, Lutetian; C, D, E. (s.s.) mutica, MNHN R63430 (Leroy coll.), Saint-Gobain, Aisne, France, lower Ypresian; E, F, E. (s.s.) helenae n. sp., holotype, MNHN R63431 (Merle coll.), Tuilerie of Gan, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France, upper Ypresian; G, H, Eocithara (s.s.) eucosmia n. sp., holotype, MNHN R63798 (Boucher coll.), Bois-Gouët, Saffré, Loire-Atlantique, France, Bartonian. Scale bars: 10 mm.

FIG. 6. — SEM views of multispiral and paucispiral Eocithara (s.s.); A, Eocithara (s.s.) helenae n. sp., paratype, MNHN R63800 (Merle coll.), Tuilerie of Gan, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France, upper Ypresian; B, E. (s.s.) jacksonensis (Harris, 1896), MNHN J05528 (Cossmann coll.), Jackson, USA, Priabonian; C, E. (s.s.) submutica (d’Orbigny, 1852), MNHN R63801 (Aucoin coll.), Gaas, Espibos, Landes, France, Rupelian; D, Eocithara (s.s.) mutica (Lamarck, 1803), MNHN J05527 (Cossmann coll.), Mouchy-le-Châtel, Oise, France, Lutetian; E, E. (s.s.) elegans (Deshayes, 1835), MNHN R11401, Vendrest, Seine-et-Marne, France, Bartonian; F, Eocithara (s.s.) eucosmia n. sp., paratype, MNHN R11404 (Ledon coll.), Saint-Aignan-de-Grand-Lieu, Loire-Atlantique, France, Bartonian. The white arrow indicates the protoconch scar. Scale bar: 1 mm.