Euscyrtus hemelytrus ( Haan, 1842 )

Yang, Jeng-Tze & Yang, Ching-Shan, 2012, The slim mute crickets, Euscyrtinae (Orthoptera: Grylloidea; Gryllidae; Euscyrtinae) of Taiwan with three new species and lectotype designations of three of Shiraki’s species, Zootaxa 3226, pp. 1-45 : 3-7

Euscyrtus hemelytrus ( Haan, 1842)

( Fig. 1 , 2 & 3 )

Eneoptera hemelytrus Haan, 1842 . Temminck, Verhandl., Orth.: 230.

Euscyrtus hemelytrus Chopard, 1968 . Orth. Cat. 12: 419. Otte & Alexander, 1983. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Monograph 22: 363. Gorochov, 1985. Ent. Rev. 64 (1): 138. Gorochov, 1987. Ins. Faun. Vietnam: 9. Yin and Liu, 1995. Shanghai Sci. Tech. Liter. Pub.: 120.

Coloration. Body brown with reddish brown lateral stripes, from head through eyes to tip of tegmen, sub-lateral stripe golden yellow; vertex with 3 pairs of brown stripes, outer ones light brown stripes, sub-lateral ones broad band dark reddish brown, middle ones light markings. Lateral view, eyes dark in middle, upper part brown and yellow banded, lower part yellow. Pronotum brown, lateral areas along middle line dark brown; tear like marks surrounding with dark reddish brown. Hind brown femur of dorsal surface.

External morphology. Head almost round in dorsal view, lateral margins slightly expanded laterally behind eyes, width at level of eyes a little wider than width of head about 1.1: 1; head almost as long as widest wide. Frontal rostrum very long, apical margin straight, produced anteriorly; middle ocellus elliptical, on apical part of frontal rostrum; head wider than widest part of frons and wider than frontal rostrum about 9.8: 6.0: 1.0. Eyes elongate elliptical, protruding on lateral margins of vertex; eyes longer than wide about 1.3: 1; antennal scape elongate, longer than wide about 1.4: 1, about 0.3 times as long as head; Head longer than pronotum about 1.4: 1, head a little wider than pronotum at anterior margin about 1.1: 1; pronotum wider than posterior margin about 1.1: 1. Head in lateral view triangular, dorsal margin arched, frons reclined caudo-ventrad; superior margin shorter than diameter of eyes about 1: 1.4; posterior margin of antennal socket foliate, directed anteriorly, anterior margin sinuate. Maxillary lacinia acute, inner margin curved; maxillary palpi 5-segmented, from base 1st: 2nd: 3rd =1:1.2:1.2; labial palpi 3-segmented, from base 1st: 2nd: 3rd = 1:1:2.3.

Head in anterior view sub-quadrate; frons shorter than face about 1: 2.2, shorter than mouth part about 1:1.2; lateral margins of frons divergent ventrally; width of frons narrower at narrowest than at widest part of the level of lateral process of frons about 1: 7.3; lateral process of frons acute at apex reach at joint of antennal socket and eyes.

Upper margin of mouth part arched upward slowly. Clypeus middle line shorter than widest part about 1:1.5; shape formula of mouth part, width of post clypeus/ ante-clypeus/ labrum = 1.4: 1.0: 1.7.

Pronotum dorsal view anterior margin slightly curved inward; posterior margin bi-sinuate, arched upward at middle; lateral margins formed caudo-lateral angles. Pronotal disc with anterior part slightly narrower than posterior part about 1: 1.1; middle line shorter than length at lateral margins about 1:1.2; shorter than anterior wide about 1: 1.3. Pronotum with lateral lobes straight on dorsal margin, anterior part running into ventral margin roundly then slowly upward dorsally; dorsal surface longer than width of widest part about 1.2: 1.

Metanotum without metanotal gland, without middle transverse prominent; anterior margin slightly curved inward, middle long shorter than width at widest part about 1:1.5.

Tegmen longer than wide about 1.6: 1, about a fourth of body length, apex reaching at abdominal segment III; Veins parallel, without stridulatory organ.

Fore-tibia without tympanum on outer side; 1st tarsal segment with sac like pulvillus white, 3rd segment with pulvillus large and expanded; 3 tarsi about 1:1.1:1.2; inner margin of claws with spine near apex.

Hind femur obviously exceeding abdominal tip, femur equal to tibia; lateral spines of hind tibia i/o = 9/8, inner side 4 groups, spines and (intercalary) = 6 (1)1(1)1(2)1, 5 basal teeth, outer side 5 group, spines and (intercalary) = 1 (1)2(3)3(1)1, 7 basal teeth.

Male genitalia. In dorsal view, epiphallus sub triangular, 2 ear-like processes at joint between epiphallus and cornua, epiphallus with posterior margin produced at middle, epiphallus longer than width at widest than at middle line; epiphallus about 3 times longer than cornua, cornua with apical lateral lobes curved ventrally; cornua digitate, apex with joint point, about 3.1 times longer than widest wide, ventral area invisible.

Lateral view, epiphallus and cornua formed triangular, ear like processed directed dorsally; cornua obtusely round at apex; rami reaching at middle of epiphallus, ectoparamere not exposed.

Ventral view, cornua digitate, dorsal area visible; ectoparamere minute, elliptical, about 3.6 times as long as widest width, reaching at base of cornua; median lobe exceeding over apex of ectoparamere.

Subgenital plate triangular in dorsal view, acute at apex.

Female genitalia. Ovipositor shorter than body length about 1: 1.2; curved upward at half, sword part expanding ventrally, about 1/2.5 as long as length of ovipositor.

Characters n Minim. (mm) Maxim. (mm) Mean ± SD (mm) CV (%) Male

Body length 5 9.29 11.27 10.22 ± 0.84 8,22 Head length 5 1.59 1.98 1.75 ± 0.16 9.14 Head width 5 1.71 2.03 1.93 ± 0.13 6.74 Pronotum length 5 1.29 1.80 1.43 ± 0.21 14.69 Pronotum width 5 1.79 2.03 1.90 ± 0.11 5,79 Fore-wing length 5 2.52 3.20 2.73 ± 0.28 10.26 Fore-femur length 5 1.64 1.88 1.78 ± 0.10 5.62 Fore-tibia length 5 1.57 1.81 1.72 ± 0.09 5.23 Hind-femur length 5 7.16 8.41 7.79 ± 0.51 6.55 Hind-femur width 5 1.37 1.66 1.52 ± 0.13 8.55 Female

Body length 5 10.5 12.79 11.88 ± 1.05 8.84 Ovipositor length 5 9.36 10.91 10.32 ± 0.64 6.20 Habitat. Old growth forest, humid, cold understory, ground vegetation.

Host plants. Axonopus compressus , Paspalum conjugatum , Panicum maximum .

Specimens examined. Kaohsiung: Tsenchin lake, 1 male (780-1), 5-IV-1997, Y. L. Chen. 9 males (841-1, 841- 5, 841-6, 841-12, 841-16, 841-17, 841-29, 841-30, 841-32), 10 females (841-4, 841-7, 841-8, 841-13, 841-15, 841- 19, 841-20, 841-22, 841-27, 841-28), 16-IX-1997, Y. L. Chen. Pingtung: Laofou Rd., 1male (774-4), 2 females (774-2, 774-3), 2-IV-1997, C. S. Yang; Lider tomb field, 1 male (850-13), 8 females (850-2, 850-3, 850-4, 850-6, 850-7, 850-9, 850-10, 850-11), 25-X-1997, C. S. Yang. Kenting Forest Recreation area, 1 male (848-14), 24X- 1997, C. S. Yang. Nannjen shan, 2 male (851-3, 851-4), 3 females (851-1, 851-2, 851-6), 25-X-1997, C. S. Yang.

Distribution. Taiwan; China; Japan; Australia; India; Sirylanca, Burma, Malaysia Penisula, Indonisia, Java; Moluco.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Euscyrtus hemelytrus. A: head and pronotum, dorsal view; B: the same, lateral view; C: head, anterior view; D: metanotum, dorsal view; E: labium, ventral view; F: maxilla, lateral-ventral view; G: fore leg, inner side? H: fore leg, outer side; I: tarsus of fore leg, ventral view; J: hind tibia, inner side (left), outer side (right); K: fore wing, extended.

FIGURE 2. Euscyrtus hemelytrus. A, B: male genitalia, dorsal view; C, D: the same, ventral view; E, F: the same, lateral view; G: subgenital plate, dorsal view; H: abdominal terminal of female, lateral view; I: Ovipositor (cross section).

FIGURE 3. Euscyrtus hemelytrus. A: metanotum, dorsal view; B: anterior disc; C: posterior disc.