Barsine bigamica Černý & Pinratana, 2009,

Huang, Si-Yao, Volynkin, Anton V., Wang, Min & Fan, Xiao-Ling, 2020, Taxonomic problems surrounding Barsine orientalis bigamica Černý & Pinratana 2009 with description of a new species (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae Lithosiini), Zootaxa 4894 (4), pp. 549-560 : 550-552

Barsine bigamica Černý & Pinratana, 2009 , stat. nov.

( Figs 1–12 , 21–26 , 33–35 )

Barsine orientalis bigamica Černý & Pinratana, 2009: 64 , Figs 130a, 130b, 130c (Type locality: N. Thailand, Phetchabun Province, Khao Kau District, Ban Nang Mae Na); Bayarsaikhan et al. 2018: 379; Figures 1 E–H, 3C, 4F.

Barsine kampoli Černý in Černý & Pinratana, 2009: 62 , Fig. 127 (Type locality: Northern Thailand, Province Chiang Mai, 1600m, between Fang and Nor Lae, 99°06′E, 20°02′N), syn. nov.

Type material examined. Holotype of Barsine orientalis bigamica : male, printed white label “N. Thailand, Phetchabun Province, Khao Kau District, Ban Nang Mae Na, 27.-28.II.2005, 1300m, leg. K. Černý”/ printed red label “ HOLOTYPE, Barsine orientalis spp . bigamica Karel ČERNÝ 2008 ”/ printed white label “NHMUK010604485” (Coll. NHMUK); Paratypes of Barsine orientalis bigamica : 192 specimens from Phetchabun, Nakhon Nayok, Saraburi, Chanthaburi, Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son and Nan Provinces listed by Černý & Pinratana (2009). Holotype of Barsine kampoli : male, printed white label “Northern Thailand, Province Chiang Mai, 1600m, between Fang and Nor Lae, 99°06′E, 20°02′N, 28.10.2002, leg. B. Herczig et G. Rankay”/ printed red label “ HOLOTYPE, Barsine kampoli sp.n. Karel ČERNÝ 2009 ”/ printed white label “NHMUK010605727” (Coll. NHMUK). Paratypes of Barsine kampoli : 1 male, C. Thailand, Nakhon Nayok, Khao Yai NP, Khao Kieo, 23–27.XI.2005, 14°24’20″N 101°22’ 14″E, 752m, coll. K. Černý (Coll. CKC); 1 male, Thailand, Khao Yai, 7. IX. 1984 / NHMUK010604486 (Coll. NHMUK).

Other materials examined. MYANMAR. 1 male, [Myanmar] Burma merid., Tenasserim, Dawna Mts , 98°08’E, 16°52’N, Lf 1996, lg. Steinke & Lehmann, slide MWM 37150 Volynkin (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; CHINA. 11 males, China, Yunnan Prov. (NW), Nujiang Lisu and Dulong auton. pref., Fugong County, Lishadi (= Walo ), 42 km N of Fugong, 1390m, 12–16.V.1999, 27°15’N 98°55’E, leg./ex coll. Dr. R. Brechlin (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; 5 males, the same locality and collector, but 15–27.X.1999, slide ZSM Arct. 2017/2017, MWM 33941 (males) Volynkin (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; 6 males, 7 females, China, Prov. W Yunnan, Mou Ding county , 1300 m, 16.III.–10.IV.2000, 25’19”N, 101’32”E, lg. local collectors, coll. Dr. Brechlin, slides ZSM Arct. 2020-086 (male), 2020-087 (female) Volynkin (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; 9 males, 6 females, China, Prov. W Yunnan, Xishuangbanna Dai auton. pref., Puwen , 30 km SSW Simao, 900 m, 22’30”N, 100’02”E, 16.III.–10.IV.2000, leg. Brechlin’s local collectors, slide MWM 37151 (male) Volynkin (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; 11 males, 6 females, the same locality and collectors, but 10–30.IV.2000 (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; 4 males, China, Yunnan Prov., Mangxi Ba Mts, Simao Distr. , 18 km S of Simao city, 16.III.–10.IV.2000, 22°28’N 101°01’E, 1280m, coll. Dr. R. Brechlin (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; 1 male, 1 female, China, Yunnan Prov., Dali City , Yangbi County, 29. VI. 2018, leg. Xin-jie Zhao (Coll. SCAU) ; 1 male, 2 females, China, Yunnan Prov., Xishuangbanna Prefecture , Mengla County, 15. V. 2018, leg. Zhou Chang & Zhi-wei Dong (Coll. SCAU) ; 1 male, 3 females, China, Yunnan Prov., Pu'er City , 10. V. 2018, leg. Zhou Chang & Zhi-wei Dong (Coll. SCAU) ; THAILAND. 6 males, 2 females, Thailand , Changwat Chiang Mai, Mt. Doi Inthanon, NP, 2300 m, 17.X.2000, leg. local collector (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; 1 male, 1 female, Thailand , Changwat Chiang Mai, 1 km E of Kop Dong, 1650m, 13.XI.1998, leg. Tibor Csővári & László Mikus (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; 1 male, Thailand , Changwat Chiang Mai, 3 km S of Kop Dong, 1550m, 1.IV.1998, leg. Tibor Csővári & Pál Stéger (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; 3 males, Thailand , Changwat Chiang Mai, 12 km NW Chiang Dao, 750m, 12.XI.1998, leg. Tibor Csővári & László Mikus (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; 6 males, 4 females, Thailand , Changwat Chiang Mai, 20 km NW of Mae Ai, 1650m, 21.IX.1999, leg. A. Szabó & Z. Czere (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; 3 males, 6 females, Thailand , Chiang Mai Changwat, 6 km SE of Pang Faen, 1100m, 16.IX.1999, leg. A. Szabo & Zita (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; 2 males, Thailand, Doi Suthep , Chiang Mai, 8–21.IX.1989, Lf, leg. Cadiou (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; 5 males, Thailand, Chiang Mai Prov., Doi Inthanon National Park, km 31 road (N of) Chom Thong summit, Park Headquarters / guest houses, 1360m, sec. growth / pines, 12–22.XI.1998, leg. / ex coll. Dr. Ronald Brechlin (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; 3 females, Thailand , Changwat Chiang Mai, Mt. Doi Inthanon, NP, 2300m, 17.X.2000, leg. local collector (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; 1 female, Thailand, Mt. Doi Phahompok , 14 km NW of Fang, 1700m, 16.X.2000, leg. local collector (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; 16 males, Thailand , Changwat Nan, 25 km N of Bo Luang, 1150 m, 11.XI.1999, leg. Márton Hreblay (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; 3 males, 1 female, the same locality, but 28.II.1998, leg. Márton Hreblay & Csaba Szabóky (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; 3 males, the same locality and collectors, but 17.II.1998 (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; 1 male, the same locality and collectors, but 19.II.1998 (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; 3 males, 1 female, Thailand , Changwat Nan, 5 km N of Bo Luang, 1000 m, 12.XI.1999, leg. Márton Hreblay (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; 9 males, 1 female, Thailand , Changwat Nan, 22 km N of Bo Luang, 1100m, 30.III.1998, leg. Tibor Csővári & Pál Stéger (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; 19 males, Thailand , Changwat Nan, 25 km N of Bo Luang, 1150 m, 29.III.1998, leg. Tibor Csővári & Pál Stéger (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; 30 males, 3 females, the same locality, but 11.XI.1999, leg. Márton Hreblay (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; 6 males, Thailand , Changwat Nan, 15 km N of Bo Luang, 1000m, 7.IV.1998, leg. Tibor Csővári & Pál Stéger (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; 13 males, 7 females, Thailand , Changwat Nan, 7 km W of Ban Bo Yuak, 1000m, 25.XI.1998, leg. Tibor Csővári & László Mikus, slide MWM 33942 (male) Volynkin (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; 1 male, Thailand , Changwat Nan, 4 km W of Pha Lak, 820m, 28.III.1998, leg. Tibor Csővári & Pál Stéger (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; 2 males, Thailand , Changwat Nan, 30 km E of Pua, 1700m, 24.XI.1998, leg. Tibor Csővári & László Mikus (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; LAOS. 1 male, 1 female, SW Laos, Phu Soai Dao , 101°09’E 18°30’N, 6–8.VIII.1996, leg. Steinke & Lehmann (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; 1 male, 3 females, the same locality and collectors, but VI.1996 (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; VIETNAM. 1 male, North Vietnam, Tam Dao (secondary forest), 60 km NW Hanoi, 950m, 21°34N 105°20E, IV.1995, leg. V. Sinyaev, slide ZSM Arct. 2019-648 Volynkin (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; 1 female, the same locality and collector, 17.X.1994, slide ZSM Arct. 2019-649 Volynkin (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; 2 males, N Vietnam, 16[00]– 1800m, Mt. Fan-si-an (West), Cha-pa , secondary forest, 22°20’N 103°40’E (cult.), IV.1995, leg. Sinyaev & local collectors, slide MWM 33914, 33970 (males) Volynkin (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; 1 male, N Vietnam, 1600m, Mt. Fan-si-pan (north), Cha-pa , primary forest, 22°17’N 103°44’E, 20–30.IV.1995, leg. Sinyaev & local collectors, slide MWM 37152 (male) Volynkin (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; 1 male, N Vietnam, 1400m, Mai-chau , primary forest, 40km SE Moc-chau, 20°50’N 104°50’E, 07–15.IV.1995, leg. Sinyaev & local collector, slide MWM 37153 (male) Volynkin (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; 1 male, N Vietnam, 1200m, Tuan-Giao (road Lai-chau to Hanoi) (21°35’N 103°25’E), 5–10.XI.1994, leg. Sinyaev, slide MWM 37154 Volynkin (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; 5 males, 3 females, IX.2013, Central Vietnam, South Central Coast, Da Nang Province, Annamite Mts, Ba Na Mt. , leg. local collector, slides AV2280 (male) and AV2282 (female) Volynkin (Coll. CAV) ; 1 male, IX.2013, Central Vietnam, South Central Coast, Qu ảng Ngãi Province, Ba Tõ District, Ba Tõ Mt., 900 m, leg. local collector, slide AV2281 Volynkin (Coll. CAV) ; 35 males, S Vietnam, Plateau Tay Nguyen, Mt. Ngoc Linh , 900–1400m, 15°02’N, 107°59’E, 10–25.VIII.1996, leg. Sinyaev & Afonin (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) ; CAMBODIA. 1 male, 1 female, Cambodia, Kampot Prov., Bokor N.P., Hill Station , 1025 m, 10°37’37N 104°01’33E, 19–21.I.2006, leg. G. Csorba & G. Ronkay (Coll. MWM/ ZSM) .

Remarks. 1) Like some other Barsine species (e. g., B. defecta Walker , B. gratissima de Joannis , B. cacharensis N. Singh & Kirti , B. obsoleta Reich ), B. bigamica has two color forms: the common red form having reddish forewing pattern elements together with black ones, and the yellow form having yellowish forewing pattern elements instead of reddish ones. The latter is usually very rare in most species of the genus, yet in B. bigamica the yellow form is common or even dominant among females in some populations, but it is extremely rare among males (we found no such males among specimens available, but the yellow male specimen was illustrated by Bayarsaikhan et al. (2018)). 2) Barsine kampoli was described based on the holotype male from Chiang Mai Province and two paratype males from Nakhon Nayok Province of Thailand in the same book as B orientalis bigamica . Externally, B. kampoli is clearly different from the both red and yellow forms of B. bigamica and has a pale yellowish ground color with a pinkish suffusion and a forewing pattern consisting of contrasting blackish inline patches and lengthwise strokes without red or yellow markings. However, after examination of one of the paratypes ( Figs 8 , 22 ) and the male specimen externally almost identical to the holotype ( Fig. 7 ) we found that this taxon has the male genitalia structure identical to that of B. bigamica ( Figs 21, 23–25 ). Moreover, several specimens of B. bigamica collected from China and Thailand display degrees of reduction of reddish forewing markings, and these specimens together form a cline showing how the B. bigamica phenotype gradually turns into the B. kampoli phenotype ( Figs. 3–5, 7 ). All the evidences shown above have come to the same conclusion that the taxon B. kampoli is undoubtedly conspecific to B. bigamica and represents an aberration with reduced reddish and elongated and diffuse black forewing markings. According to Article 24.2 “Determination by the First Reviser” of ICZN (1999), when the precedence between names or nomenclatural acts cannot be objectively determined, the precedence is fixed by the action of the first author citing in a published work those names or acts and selecting from them and this author is termed the "First Reviser" (Article 24.2.1), and if two or more names, different or identical, and based on the same or different types, or two or more nomenclatural acts, are published on the same date in the same or different works, the precedence of the names or acts is fixed by the First Reviser unless Article 24.1 applies (Article 24.2.2), though the name B. bigamica was published on page 64 in the work of Černý & Pinratana (2009) and slightly after the name B. kampoli on page 62 of the same work, we here play the role of the First Reviser and purpose to give the precedence to the name B. bigamica as it represents the typical and normal form of this variable species, while B. kampoli represents a rarer and abnormal form. Hence we sink Barsine kampoli as the junior synonym of B. bigamica (syn. nov.). 3) It should be also noted that there are two specimens identified as B. kampoli bearing the holotype red label in the collection of NHMUK. The collecting data of one of them ( Fig. 6 ) fully corresponds to that of the holotype cited in the original description ( Černý & Pinratana 2009), and this specimen undoubtedly is the true holotype of B. bigamica . At the same time, another specimen ( Fig. 8 ) has the collecting data “Khao Yai, 7 Sept. 1984 ” identical to that of one of paratypes listed by Černý & Pinratana (2009). According to Article 73.1.1 of ICZN (1999), if an author, when establishing a new nominal species-group taxon, states in the original publication that one specimen, and only one, is the holotype, or “the type”, or uses some equivalent expression, that specimen is the holotype fixed by original designation, therefore the holotype status of the specimen collected in 1984 from Khao Yai is invalid and it obviously represents the paratype, only wrongly labeled as holotype.

Diagnosis. Externally adults of the typical red form of B. bigamica stat. nov. are very similar to both seasonal forms of B. orientalis ( Figs 17–20 , 29–32 , 37, 38 ), and can only be distinguished from the latter by the slightly more contrasting color pattern on forewing upperside as noted by Černý & Pinratana (2009). The male genital capsule of B. bigamica differs from that of B. orientalis by the two lobes of distal saccular process situated far away from each other, with the dorsal one situated more basally and being much shorter than the distal one (whereas in B. orientalis the two lobes of distal saccular process are situated very close to each other, nearly equal in length and together form a Y-shaped process), and the basal section of the costa being normal (that of B. orientalis is conspicuously swollen and densely covered with numerous short spinules) The aedeagus vesica of B. bigamica differs from that of B. orientalis by the 2 nd medial diverticulum being directed distally, relatively short, broad and mostly membranous with only a series of short but robust cornuti at the middle, whereas in B. orientalis the 2 nd medial diverticulum is directed upwards, elongated, relatively narrow, covered thoroughly with small cornuti of various sizes especially in its basal section. In addition, the 3 rd medial diverticulum of B. bigamica is conspicuously narrower basally than that of B. orientalis , covered with smaller cornuti and directed distally (whereas in B. orientalis that is curved outwards). The female genitalia of B. bigamica can be easily distinguished from those of B. orientalis by the slightly shorter and broader ductus bursae with shorter and narrower subostial folds, smaller corpus bursae with conspicuously smaller signum bursae, and smaller appendix bursae. In addition, in B. bigamica the posterior sclerotized area of the corpus bursae is more heavily sclerotized but less rugose than that of B. orientalis , and its surrounding dentate area is weaker.

Distribution. Barsine bigamica is widespread in Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia ( Bae et al. 2016; Bayarsaikhan et al. 2018), Thailand ( Černý & Pinratana 2009), and Yunnan Province in Southwest China. The records from Nepal and India (north of West Bengal (Darjeeling), Assam and Sikkim) by Černý & Pinratana (2009) and Kirti & Singh (2016) all belong to B. kirata Volynkin & N. Singh, 2020 . Barsine orientalis is distributed in East, Southeast and South continental China, the island of Hainan and North Vietnam.

Figures

FIGURES 1–10. Barsine bigamica adults. 1, holotype, male, Thailand, Phetchabun (©NHMUK); 2, male, China, Yunnan (MWM/ZSM); 3, male, China, Yunnan (MWM/ZSM); 4, male, China, Yunnan (MWM/ZSM); 5, male, Thailand, Nan (MWM/ ZSM); 6, male, holotype of Barsine kampoli, Thailand, Chiang Mai (©NHMUK); 7, male, China, Yunnan (MWM/ZSM); 8, male, paratype of Barsine kampoli, Thailand, Nakhon Ratchasima, Khao Yai (©NHMUK); 9, female, red form, Cambodia, Kampot (MWM/ZSM); 10, female, yellow form, Thailand, Chiang Mai (MWM/ZSM). Scale=1 cm.

FIGURES 11–20. Barsine spp. adults. 11, B. bigamica, paratype male, Thailand, Phetchabun, slide AV2349 (CKC); 12, B. bigamica, male, Vietnam, Da Nang (CAV); 13, B. tongi sp. nov., holotype male, China, Hainan (SCAU); 14, B. tongi sp. nov., paratype male, China, Hainan (SCAU); 15, B. tongi sp. nov., paratype female, China, Hainan (SCAU); 16, B. tongi sp. nov., paratype female, China, Hainan (SCAU); 17, B. orientalis, holotype male, spring form, China, Fujian (ZFMK); 18, B. orientalis, paratype female, spring form, China, Fujian (ZFMK); 19, B. orientalis, male, summer form, China, Fujian (ZFMK); 20, B. orientalis, female summer form,, China, Fujian (ZFMK). Scale=1 cm.

FIGURES 21–24. Male genitalia of Barsine bigamica. 21, paratype, Thailand, Phetchabun, slide AV2349; 22, Thailand, Khao Yai National Park, paratype of B. kampoli, slide NHMUK010313301; 23, China, Yunnan, slide MWM37151; 24, China, Yunnan, slide ZSM Arct. 2020-086.

FIGURES 25–28. Male genitalia of Barsine spp. 25, B. bigamica, Vietnam, Da Nang, slide AV2280; 26, B. bigamica, Vietnam, Hoa Binh, slide MWM37153; 27, B. tongi sp. nov. holotype, China, Hainan, prep. Huang; 28, B. tongi sp. nov. paratype, China, Hainan, prep. Huang, from the specimen in fig. 14.

FIGURES 33–38. Female genitalia of Barsine spp. 33, B. bigamica, Thailand, Phetchabun, slide AV2350; 34, B. bigamica, Vietnam, Da Nang, slide AV2282; 35, B. bigamica, China, Yunnan, slide ZSM Arct. 2020-087; 36, B. tongi sp. nov. paratype, China, Hainan, prep. Huang, from the specimen in fig. 16; 37, B. orientalis paratype, China, Fujian, slide AV1833; 38, B. orientalis, China, Zhejiang, slide AV1984.

FIGURES 29–32. Male genitalia of Barsine orientalis. 29, holotype, China, Fujian, slide AV1832; 30, China, Fujian, slide AV1981; 31, summer form, China, Fujian, slide AV1983; 32, China, Hainan, slide MWM37148.