Polypedilum Kieffer, 1912

Tang, Hong-Qu, Cranston, Peter S., Zhao, Jian-Gang, Lok, Chan-Wa, Wong, Kai-Chin & Li, Zhi-Qiang, 2014, The immature stages of Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) nodosum (Johannsen) and Polypedilum (Tripodura) masudai (Tokunaga) (Diptera, Chironomidae, Chironominae), Zootaxa 3893 (3), pp. 416-428 : 417-418

Polypedilum Kieffer, 1912

Diagnosis. Conforms mostly in all diagnostic features to the generic description for larva ( Epler et al. 2013) and pupa (Pinder & Reiss 1986). Based on the material described below, the generic diagnosis for Polypedilum larva and pupa should be amended as follows.

Larva. Frontoclypeus with or without hyaline band, site of dorsal S3 insertion with some variation among the known species. Antenna blade distinctly longer than segment 2–5 in some species (e.g., P. cultellatum Goetghebuer 1931 , P. nodosum and most members in subgenus Tripodura ). Segment 5 usually vestigial in Tripodura spp., with a minute needle-like peg suspended at the apex of segment 4. Mandible with or without dorsal teeth. If with, usually bearing 2 inner teeth, seldom with 3 ( P. nodosum ); if without, mandible always with 3 inner teeth (e.g., P. fallax (Johannsen 1905) , P. leei Freeman 1961 , P. pedestre (Meigen 1830) & P. s ord e ns (van der Wulp 1874)).

Pupa. Apex of wing pad with nose in certain species, segment VIII lacking spinulation (eg. P. nodosum ). Median spinulation variable in tergite II and VI.