Tephritis conyzifoliae Merz 1992

Korneyev, Severyn V. & Korneyev, Valery A., 2019, Revision of the Old World species of the genus Tephritis (Diptera, Tephritidae) with a pair of isolated apical spots, Zootaxa 4584 (1), pp. 1-73 : 18-21

Tephritis conyzifoliae Merz 1992

( Figs 3g ; 7 )

Tephritis conyzifoliae Merz 1992: 230 ; Norrbom et al. 1999: 216; Korneyev 2016: 31; Evstigneev & Korneyev 2018: 9.

Tephritis (Terbita) academica Bassov & Tolstoguzova 1994: 84 ; Norrbom et al. 1999: 214; Korneyev 2016: 31 (synonymy).

Tephritis (Terbita) nartshukovi Bassov & Tolstoguzova 1994: 89 ; Norrbom et al. 1999: 218; Korneyev 2016: 31 (synonymy).

Tephritis epicrepis Shcherbakov 2001: 80 ; Korneyev 2016: 31 (synonymy).

Type material: Holotype ♂: Tephritis conyzifoliae Switzerland: Valais: Oberwald , 1450 m. ( ETHZ) ( not examined).

Paratypes: Switzerland: GR, 2150 m, Ftan, coll. 18.08.1988, ex fl. head Crepis conyzifolia , em. 25.08.1988, 1♀; 28.08.1988, 1♀; (B. Merz) ( SIZK) ; GR, 2150 m, Ftan, coll. 2.08.1990, ex fl. head Crepis conyzifolia , em. 7.08.1990, 1♀; 10.08.1990, 1♂; (B. Merz) ( SIZK) ; 14.08.1990, 1♂ (B. Merz) ( MNKB) ; 12.08.1990, 1♂; 14.08.1990, 1♂; 16.08.1990, 1♀ (B. Merz) ( ZISP) ; GR, 1900 m, Susch-Fluella, coll. 1.08.1990, ex fl. head Crepis conyzifolia , em. 12.08.1990, 1♂ (B. Merz) ( SIZK) ; 16.08.1990, 1♀ (B. Merz) ( RMNH) ; VS, 1450 m, Oberwald, coll. 18.07.1991, ex fl. head Crepis conyzifolia , em. 31.07.1991, 1♀ (B. Merz) ( MNKB) ; TI, Locarno-Gardada, coll. 21.08.1991, ex fl. head Crepis conyzifolia , em. 27.08.1991, 1♂ (Merz) ( SIZK) .

Holotype ♂ Tephritis academica “ Russia, Novosibirsk, Akademgorodok, forest park. “Reared from flower heads of Cicerbita spp.” [sic!]. “coll. 16.VIII.1990, em. 22.VIII.1990 ” (Basov) (ZISP) («Poccия, Hoвocибиpcк, Aкaдeмгopoдoк, лecoпapк. Bывeдeн из coцвeтий цицepбиты [ Cicerbita sp.]. Cбop 16.VIII.1990, вылeт имaгo 22.VIII.1990 (Бacoв) (ЗИH PAH)» (said to be deposited in ZISP; not located).

Holotype ♂ Tephritis nartshukovi : “ Russia, Buinsk district, Republic of Tatarstan, 3 km south of Buinsk city, wetland. Reared from flower head of Cirsium canum L. Coll. 27.VII.1991, em. 10–20.Х.1990 (Basov & Tolstoguzova) («Poccия, Бyинcкий p-н Taтapcтaнa, в 3 км, южнee г. Бyинcк, зaбoлoчeнный лyг. Пoлyчeн из coцвeтий бoдякa cepoгo [ Cirsium canum L.]. Cбop 27.VII.1991, вылeт имaгo 10–20.Х.1990 (Бacoв, Toлcтoгyзoвa) (ЗИH PAH)») (said to be deposited in ZISP; not located).

Holotype ♂ Tephritis epicrepis : Russia: Kemerovo Region: 115 km NE Novokuznetsk, Kuznetsk Alatau Mountain Reserve, Niznyaya Ters River basin, Severnaya River, flood plain forest with Abies , from flowerhead of Crepis sibirica , 19.07.2000, emergence 4.08.2000 (M. Shcherbakov) (ZISP) (examined).

Paratypes: Russia: Kemerovo Region: same date and locality as for the holotype, 1 ♂, 1 ♀; 80 km S Tisul, vicinity of Belogorsk, dark coniferous forest with Picea , Abies and herbs, ex fl ower head Crepis sibirica , 4.08.1995, em. 15.08.1995, 1 ♀ (M. Shcherbakov); 106 km NE Novokuznetsk, Pestraya Mt. [54°40ʹ N, 88°14ʹE], N slope, Veselyi Akchelbak River, 870 m, tall-herbaceous flood plain meadow, ex fl ower heads Cr. sibirica , 22.07.1996, em. 4.08.1996, 1 ♀ (M. Shcherbakov); 113 km NE Novokuznetsk, Chemodan Mt. [54°42ʹ N, 88°24ʹ E], E slope, 800 m, upper stream of Kiya River, left bank, fl ood plain meadow, from fl ower heads of Cr. sibirica , 8.08.2000, 1♂ (M. Shcherbakov); 119 km NE Novokuznetsk, valley of Nizhnyaya Ters River, herb meadow, ex fl ower heads of Cr. sibirica , 17.07.1996, em. 29.07.1996, 1 ♂ (M. Shcherbakov) (ZISP).

Non–type material: Kazakhstan: Malokrasnoyarsk, Semipalatinsk reg. 23.07.1926, 1♀ (V. Vereschagin); Zubenkos apiary, B. Almatinka, Semirechje 24.08.1928, 1♂ ( Shnitnikov ) (ZISP); Alma-Ata, near Medeo, Crepis sp. 19.09.1986, 2♂, 3♀ (Korneyev & Kameneva); Talgar; ALma-Ata natural reserve, coll. 24.09.1986, ex Crepis sp., em. 11.10.1986, 4♂, 2♀ (Korneyev) (SIZK); Kyrgyzstan: Chaar-tash Mts., Ferg. ridge Andjik 16.08.1928, 1♂, 1♀ (V. Kuznetsov) ( ZISP); Tien-Shan mts. , “Przewalsk” [=Karakol], Karakol valley , [42.41 N 78.46 E], h= 2300 m, 29.06.1986, 4♂ (V. Korneyev); Karakol, Karakol ravine, 42.405358 N 78.458351 E, h= 2300 m, ex Crepis sp., coll. 21.07.2017 —em. 27.07.2017, 2♂, 2♀; 30.07.2017, 7♂, 6♀; 30.07.2017, 3♂; swept 29.07.2017, 1♂, 1♀ (S. Korneyev & V. Korneyev) ( SIZK); Alai, 45 km S of Kyzyl-Kiya, Kichik-Alai ridge, Isfairam-Sai basin, h= 2800–2850 m, 13.07.1999, 1♂ (Korneyev & Kameneva) ( SIZK) ; Russia: Birusa vill. 50 km SW Krasnoyarsk, 7.06.1903 1♀ (Salstrem); Sukhoi Buzim vill. 45 km NE Krasnoyarsk, 18.06.1903 1♀ ( Salstrem ); Urty Kansk , nr Yenisei river 9.06.1912, 1♀ ( Mishin Verkhov ); Agalatovo , Leningrad reg., 1.10.1961, 1♀ (Stackelberg) ( ZISP) ;

Switzerland: VS, 1400 m, Simplon-Gabi, 30.06.1990, 1♀ (Merz) ( ZSSM); GR 1600 m Ardez Z 191, ex flowerheads Crepis conyzifolia , coll. 2.08.1990—em. 16.08.1990, 1♀ (Merz) ( ZISP) ; GR, 1800 m, Samedan, ex fl. heads Cr. conyzifolia , coll 16.08.1991 —em. 27.08.1991, 1♂, 1♀ (Merz) ( ZSSM) ; GR, 1700 m, Lenzerheide, 6.08.1992, 1♂, 3♀ (B. Merz) ( RMNH) ; Tajikistan: Khoja-Obi-Garm, 38.89°N, 68.77°E, h= 1600 m a. s. l., ex Crepis sp., 3.08.2018—em. 7–8.2018, 13♂, 12♀ (V. Korneyev); Muk [Mok], 39.142834°N, 71.563924°E, ex Crepis sp., 26.07.2018 —em. 27.07.18 –3.08.2018, 1♂; 1♀, em. 8.08.2018, 18♂, 15♀ (V. Korneyev) ( SIZK) ;

Ukraine: Zakarpattya reg: Uzhans’kyi National Park, Beskydy (Bieszczady) Mts: 49.034 N 22.808 E, Kinchyk Bukovs’ky , h= 1120 m a. s. l., 6.07.2004, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1200–1245 m a. s. l., 20.06.2005, 2 ♂, 2 ♀, 1130 m a. s. l., 25.06.2008, 4 ♂, 2 ♀; ALl on alpine grassland (A. Klasa) ( OPN and AKPC) .

Diagnosis. Tephritis conyzifoliae can be separated from other Tephritis species by the following combination of characters: wing with extensive dark pattern, including the anal lobe, apical fork connected to wing pattern (60%), separated (20%), or with 2 dark spots at apices of veins R 4+5 and M isolated from rest of wing pattern and each other (20%), white setae on abdominal tergites, phallus preglans with spines. It is similar to several Tephritis species with extensive wing patterns widely extending into the anal cell and anal lobe, such as T. arnicae , T. arsenii , T. ruralis (with black setae on abdominal tergites) and T. crepidis . T. mariannae , T. matricariae , T. truncata (with white setae on abdominal tergites). Tephritis conyzifoliae readily differs from them all by the presence of spines on the preglans of the phallus. It differs also from T. truncata by having a single hyaline spot in the pterostigma (2 in T. truncata ). From T. matricariae , it differs by having crossvein r-m surrounded by 4 large hyaline spots (at most 1–2 small hyaline spots in T. matricariae ), one or both apical spots on wing often separated from the wing pattern (always connected in T. matricariae ). Specimens of T. conyzifoliae with the apical marks forming a connected apical fork can be differentiated from T. mariannae by having 4 equally large hyaline spots surrounding crossvein r-m (one large hyaline spot and 1–3 smaller dots in T. mariannae ) and a shallow apical incision on the aculeus tip (very deep in T. mariannae —see Fig. 35b and Merz 1994: fig. 24d). T. conyzifoliae is very similar to T. crepidis readily differing only by the spinulose preglans of the phallus in males (bare in T. crepidis ) and the mostly yellowish to reddish brown oviscape of females (mostly black in T. crepidis ).

Description. Head: As in T. bardanae , yellow with black ocellar triangle and occiput; length: height: width ratio 1: 1.1: 1.54, Frons as wide as long. Eye 1.6 × as high as long. First flagellomere of antenna 1.55 × as long as wide. Gena 0.55 × as high as length of first flagellomere. Antenna yellow to dark ochreous, arista brown except reddish base.

Thorax: Mostly black, grey microtrichose, with faint brown vittae. Scutellum medially black, reddish brown laterally and ventrolaterally. Thoracic setae usual for Tephritis , dark brown to black, including posterior anepisternal and anepimeral setae brown; posterior notopleural seta white and lanceolate. Apical scutellar seta 1/3 as long as basal scutellar seta. Calypteres white, with whitish fringe; upper calypter conspicuously lobate; Almost as long as wide, lower calypter narrow. Halter yellow.

Legs: Brownish yellow, femora often yellowish brown. Fore femur with 2 rows of posterodorsal setae, of them basal 7–10 white, and others brown to black, and 1 row of longer posteroventral setae, white in basal half (5–7 setae) and brown in apical half (6–7 setae). Hind tibia with parallel rows of yellow to dark brown or black setulae and distinct anterodorsal row of dark brown to black setae on basal 2/3, longest seta about as long as width of tibia; hind femur with black setulae on dorsum.

Wing: Pattern brown, with developed “apical fork” connected to remaining dark pattern (60%) separated (20%) ( Fig. 7a ), or with 2 large spots at apices of veins R 4+5 and M isolated from remaining dark pattern (20%) ( Fig. 3g ). Basal cells bc, bm and bcu hyaline or yellowish; cell c with dark base and narrow dark bar at middle. Pterostigma brown, with single hyaline or yellowish spot. Cell r 1 hyaline at base, posterior to pterostigma brown, at middle with 2 trapeziform hyaline spots separated by narrow brown bar and third narrow hyaline spot at apex. Cell r 2+3 hyaline at base, with dark area posterior to pterostigma; 3 hyaline spots posterior to spots of r 1 separated by narrow dark bars or partly merged, medial one twice as wide as proximal and 3 × as wide as distal spot; preapical brown area (posterior to cell r 1 apex) with 1–5 smaller hyaline spots. Cell br hyaline in basal half and dark in apical half, usually with 2 small round hyaline spots. Crossvein r-m surrounded by 2–4 hyaline spots or even 2 bars (4 merged spots). Cell r 4+5 with basal one-third anterior of crossvein dm-cu with 2 hyaline spots, either fused or separated, posterior spot 3 to 4 × larger than anterior one; middle third of cell r 4+5 brown, with 1–5 rounded hyaline spots mosttly in posterior half; usually wing tip with wide “apical fork”, but in 20% of specimens wing tip with Tshaped hyaline area with arms extending into cells r 2+3 and m separating 2 dark apical spots. Cell dm mostly dark, with extreme base hyaline, 8–12 smaller hyaline spots and 1 large hyaline spot at r-m level. Cell m with highly variable dark pattern split by 4–5 partly merged large hyaline areas. Cell cua dark with 10–14 round hyaline spots of various sizes, often closed on posterior margin. Anal cell dark with 4–5 round hyaline spots. Anal lobe dark with 1–3 dark spots. Alula hyaline.

Abdomen: Black, tergites sparsely but uniformly grey microtrichose, with white discal setulae and white marginal setae. Sternites black, white setulose, moderately wide, male sternite 5 posteriorly incised. Female sternite 6 with anteromedial apodeme. Abdominal pleura matt black or grey.

Terminalia: Male. Epandrium wide oval, as in most other species of Tephritini . Phallus glans moderately short, mostly membranous, with apical gonopore, without dorsal tail-like process; preglans with spines ( Fig. 7f ).

Female. Oviscape yellow to brownish yellow, narrowly black at apex, often dark brown dorsomedially and ventrally, black setulose on dorsal and ventral sides, as long as abdominal tergites 4–6 combined (specimens from Kyrgyzstan has oviscape slightly shorter as abdominal tergites 5–6). Eversible membrane with 2 pairs of taeniae 0.3 × as long as membrane itself, ventral side of membrane with scales of different sizes, medial ones larger than lateral ones and moderately pointed ( Fig. 7d ). Spermathecae moderately long, 8 × as long as wide ( Fig. 7e ). Aculeus brown, 5 × as long as wide and insignificantly incised on tip ( Figs 7 b–c).

Measurements. Female. BL=4,0–4,7 mm; WL= 4.2–4.7 mm (n=10); AL= 1.05–1.10 mm. Male. BL=3,8–4,5 mm; WL=4.2–4,5 mm (n=10).

Host plant. Flower heads of Crepis conyzifolia (Gouan) A. Kern. 1872 ( Merz 1992) , C. sibirica L. (Shcherbakov 2001).

Distribution. Czech Republic, France, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia (West Siberia), Switzerland, Ukraine (Korneyev 2016); Tajikistan (first record).

Remarks. Specimens from different populations (occuring in the mountains of Europe, West Siberia and Middle Asia) are very similar morphologically, but a preliminary study of DNA sequences shows conspicuous polymorphism of this species (S. Korneyev, unpublished data).

Figures

FIGURES 3a–h. Tephritis, spp. wings: a—T. truncata; b—T. stictica; c—T. arsenii; d—T. arsenii (paratype); e—T. ruralis; f— T. tridentata; g—T. conyzifoliae; h—T. crepidis. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 7a–f. Tephritis conyzifoliae: a—habitus (paratype) ♀; b—aculeus, ventral view; c—tip of aculeus, ventral view; d—eversible membrane, ventral view; e—spermathecae; f—glans of phallus, lateral. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 35a–d. Tephritis truncata: a—habitus (lectotype) ♀; b—tip of aculeus, ventral view; c—aculeus, ventral view; deversible membrane, ventral view. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.