Chelostoma (Gyrodromella) rapunculi ( Lepeletier, 1841 )

Müller, Andreas, 2015, Palaearctic Chelostoma bees of the subgenus Gyrodromella (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species, Zootaxa 3936 (3), pp. 408-420 : 411-414

publication ID

https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3936.3.6

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9B737E02-FC85-4589-AA38-A3C18DEB6727

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6106214

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0967711C-FFAA-FFB3-FF32-48E8FEFE2622

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scientific name

Chelostoma (Gyrodromella) rapunculi ( Lepeletier, 1841 )
status

 

Chelostoma (Gyrodromella) rapunculi ( Lepeletier, 1841) View in CoL

Apis fuliginosa Panzer, 1798: 16 . Nomen praeoccupatum (not Apis fuliginosa Scopoli, 1770 ; not Apis fuliginosa Christ, 1791 ).

Heriades rapunculi Lepeletier, 1841: 406 View in CoL . Type material: ♀, ( France), depository of type material unknown.

Heriades nigricornis Nylander, 1848: 269 View in CoL . Type material: Syntypes ♂♀, “in Fennia” ( Finland), depository of type material unknown. Type species of Gyrodromella Michener. Synonymy in Benoist (1928).

Chelostoma inerme Eversmann, 1852: 74 View in CoL . Type material: Syntypes ♂♀, “in promont. Uralensib., in provinciis Orenburgensi et Simbirscensi” ( Russia), Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg. Synonymy in Schwarz et al. (1996).

Heriades casularum Chevrier, 1872: 505 View in CoL . Type material: Syntypes ♀♀, “Environs de Nyon” ( Switzerland), Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle Genève or Natural History Museum Basel. Synonymy with Heriades nigricornis Nylander View in CoL in Schletterer (1889).

Chelostoma proximum Schletterer, 1889: 643 View in CoL . Type material: Holotype ♂, “Transkaukasien (Kussari)” ( Azerbaijan), Natural History Museum Wien. New synonymy (see Note).

Osmia (Acanthosmia) archanensis Cockerell, 1928: 353 View in CoL . Type material: Holotype ♀, “Archan” ( Russia), Natural History Museum London. Synonymy with Chelostoma fuliginosum (Panzer) in Tkalcu (1967).

Osmia (Acanthosmia) platyodonta Cockerell, 1928: 352 View in CoL . Type material: Holotype ♂, “Irkutsk” [ Russia], Natural History Museum London. Synonymy with Chelostoma fuliginosum (Panzer) in Tkalcu (1967).

Heriades confusa Benoist, 1934: 158 View in CoL . Type material: Lectotype ♂, by designation of G. van der Zanden, “Environ d’Alger” ( Algeria), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris. New synonymy (see Note).

Distribution. Widespread in the Palaearctic region, from the Maghreb ( Morocco, Algeria) and the Levant ( Israel and Palestine, Jordan and Syria) northwards over the whole of Europe (except Norway) up to northern Finland (northernmost record south of Inari 68.44°N, 27.36°E), and from Turkey and the Caucasus ( Azerbaijan, Georgia) eastwards to Iran, Central Asia ( Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan), China, Mongolia and Far eastern Russia. The species has been introduced into the Nearctic region and occurs in a small region encompassing northeasternmost USA and southeastern Canada ( Ascher and Pickering, 2014).

Pollen hosts. Oligolectic on Campanula (Campanulaceae) and possibly also on closely related genera ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 1 – 4. 1 ; Amiet et al., 2004, Sedivy et al., 2008, Westrich, 1989). In fact, the species epithet “ rapunculi ” and the vernacular name “Hériade de la raiponce” both given by Lepeletier (1841) refer to Phyteuma , suggesting that flowers of this Campanulaceae genus might occasionally be exploited by C. rapunculi in addition to Campanula .

Nesting biology. Nesting sites are preexisting linear cavities such as insect burrows and drilled borings in dead wood or bark, hollow stems (e.g. reed, bamboo), drilled borings in stems or glas tubes ( Benoist, 1929; Bonelli, 1967; Brechtel, 1986; Käpylä, 1978; Ruszkowski et al., 1995; Stoeckhert, 1933; Westrich, 1989). Inside these narrow cavities, one to several brood cells are arranged in a linear series ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 – 4. 1 ). Cell partitions and nest plug are made of mud mixed with nectar and probably also saliva ( Westrich, 1989). Small pebbles, sand grains and other particles are embedded in the outer surface of the nest plug ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 1 – 4. 1 ).

Note. The shape of male tergum 7 was hitherto assumed to be the only reliable character for the discrimination of the widespread C. rapunculi from C. confusum and C. proximum , which have been described based on specimens collected in northern Africa and the Caucasus, respectively. The examination of a large number of specimens of C. rapunculi , however, revealed a considerable intraspecific variability in the shape of tergum 7 on the one hand and gradual transitions in the shape of tergum 7 between these taxa on the other hand. Specifically, i) the lower median tooth of tergum 7 gradually gets narrower and shorter towards northern Africa and the Levant resulting in the relatively small lower tooth considered typical for C. confusum , and ii) the upper lateral teeth gradually get wider and increasingly fuse with each other and with the lower median tooth towards eastern Turkey and the Caucasus resulting in the straight transverse apical margin of tergum 7 considered typical for C. proximum .

Due to this clinal variation, which eliminates the morphological gaps previously assumed to exist between the three taxa, and the absence of any other clear characters separating C. rapunculi , C. confusum and C. proximum in either sexes, these three taxa are considered here to be conspecific, representing a single widespread and morphologically variable species.

Schwarz, M., Gusenleitner, F., Westrich, P. & Dathe, H. H. (1996) Katalog der Bienen Osterreichs, Deutschlands und der Schweiz (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Entomofauna (Ansfelden), 8 (Supplement), 1 - 398.

Amiet, F., Herrmann, M., Muller, A. & Neumeyer, R. (2004) Apidae 4: Anthidium, Chelostoma, Coelioxys, Dioxys, Heriades, Lithurgus, Megachile, Osmia, Stelis. Fauna Helvetica, 9, 1 - 274.

Ascher, J. S. & Pickering, J. (2014) Discover Life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). Available from: http: // www. discoverlife. org / mp / 20 q? guide = Apoidea _ species (accessed 28 May 2014)

Benoist, R. (1928) Notes diverses sur les hymenopteres melliferes. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 1928, 107 - 109.

Benoist, R. (1929) Les Heriades de la faune francaise (Hym. Apidae). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 98, 131 - 141.

Benoist, R. (1934) Descriptions d'especes nouvelles palearctiques d'hymenopteres melliferes. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 39, 158 - 160.

Bonelli, B. (1967) Osservazioni biologiche sugli imenotteri melliferi e predatori della Val di Fiemme. XVIII contributo. Studi Trentini di Scienze Naturali, B, 44, 14 - 29.

Brechtel, F. (1986) Die Stechimmenfauna des Bienwaldes und seiner Randbereiche (Sudpfalz) unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Okologie kunstnestbewohnender Arten. Pollichia-Buch, 9, 1 - 282.

Chevrier, F. (1872) Hymenopteres divers du bassin du Leman. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 3, 487 - 510.

Cockerell, T. D. A. (1928) Bees collected in Siberia in 1927. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History (London), Series 10, 1, 345 - 361.

Eversmann, E. (1852) Fauna hymenopterologica volgo-uralensis. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 25, 1 - 137.

Kapyla, M. (1978) Bionomics of five wood-nesting solitary species of bees (Hym., Megachilidae), with emphasis on flower relationships. Biological Research Reports from the University of Jyvaskyla, 5, 1 - 8.

Lepeletier, A. (1841) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Hymenopteres. Vol. 2. Roret, Paris, 680 pp.

Nylander, W. (1848) Adnotationes in expositionem monographicam apum borealium. Notiser ur Sallskapets pro Fauna et Flora Fennica Forhandlingar, 1, 165 - 282.

Panzer, G. W. F. (1798) Faunae Insectorum Germanicae Initia oder Deutschlands Insecten. Hymenoptera 2, Vol. 6. Felssecker, Nurnberg, 24 pp.

Ruszkowski, A., Gosek, J. & Kuna, K. (1995) Selection of nesting sites by some species of Heriades Spin. and of Chelostoma Latr. and the structure of their nests. Pszczelnicze Zeszyty Naukowe, 39, 245 - 253.

Schletterer, A. (1889) Monographie der Bienen-Gattungen Chelostoma Latr. und Heriades Spin. Zoologisches Jahrbuch fur Systematik, 4, 591 - 691.

Sedivy, C., Praz, C. J., Muller, A., Widmer, A. & Dorn, S. (2008) Patterns of host-plant choice in bees of the genus Chelostoma: the constraint hypothesis of host-range evolution in bees. Evolution, 62, 2487 - 2507. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1558 - 5646.2008.00465. x

Tkalcu, B. (1967) Bemerkungen zur Taxonomie einiger palaarktischer Arten der Familie Megachilidae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca (Praha), 64, 91 - 104.

Westrich, P. (1989) Die Wildbienen Baden-Wurttembergs. Ulmer, Stuttgart, 972 pp.

Gallery Image

FIGURE 1 – 4. 1: Chelostoma rapunculi, brood cells with larval provisions consisting of purple Campanula pollen and separated from each other by partitions made of mud (Photo W. van der Smissen). 2: Chelostoma rapunculi, nest plug made of mud with pebbles and sand grains embedded into its outer surface (Photo W. van der Smissen). 3: Chelostoma rapunculi, pollen-collecting female on Campanula rapunculus (Photo A. Krebs). 4: Chelostoma rapunculi, male sleeping attached to a grass spike.

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hymenoptera

Family

Megachilidae

Tribe

Osmiini

Genus

Chelostoma