Bujurquina beniensis, Careaga & Miranda & Carvajal-Vallejos, 2023

Careaga, Matías, Miranda, Guido & Carvajal-Vallejos, Fernando M., 2023, Description of two new species of Bujurquina (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from the Bolivian Amazon, Neotropical Ichthyology (e 220093) 21 (2), pp. 1-21 : 5-9

Bujurquina beniensis , new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C6189F2A-667C-4F79-8089-585A6700FD5C

( Figs. 3–4 ; Tab. 1)

Holotype. UMSS 18501 , 1 , 91.1 mm SL, Bolivia, La Paz Department, Sud Yungas Province, Amazon basin, Río Beni drainage, Nuevo Tunari community’s stream, 15°20’58.93”S 67°10’40.59”W, 19 Dec 2011, E. de la Barra, F. Aguilar & R. Calamani.

Paratypes. All from Amazon basin, Río Beni drainage, Bolivia. UMSS 10142 , 2 , 61.5– 70.8 mm SL, La Paz Department, Caranavi Province , Río San Andrés , 15°49’53.52”S 67°34’21.48”W, 7 Nov 2009, J. Zubieta, E. de la Barra, E. Campos & R. Calamani. UMSS 12047 , 6 , 50.8–82.9 mm SL, La Paz Department, Sud Yungas Province , Río Charobamba , 15°24’44.05”S 67°20’02.52”W, 20 Dec 11, E. de la Barra, F. Aguilar & R. Calamani. UMSS 12064 , 8 , 52.3–92.2 mm SL, La Paz Department, Sud Yungas Province , Nuevo Tunari community’s stream, 15°20’58.93”S 67°10’40.59”W, 19 Dec 2011, E. de la Barra, F. Aguilar & R. Calamani. UMSS 12080 , 3 , 50.5–92.1 mm SL, La Paz Department, Sud Yungas Province , Nuevo Tunari community’s stream, 15°20’58.93”S 67°10’40.59”W, 19 Dec 2011, E. de la Barra, F. Aguilar & R. Calamani. CBF-15092, 1, 52.7 mm SL, La Paz Department, Abel Iturralde Province , Río Madidi , 13°38’07.22”S 68°44’38.83”W, 31 Oct 2015, G. Miranda & J. Molina. CBF-15090, 1, 51.6 mm SL, La Paz Department, Franz Tamayo Province , Río Hondo , 14°38’40.31”S 67°47’34.51”W, 5 May 2016, G. Miranda & J. Molina. CBF-15091, 2, 52.5–54.5 mm SL, La Paz Department, Franz Tamayo Province , Río Quendeque , 15°00’41.39”S 67°46’18.88”W, 12 Oct 2018, G. Miranda & O. Ayala .

Diagnosis. Bujurquina beniensis differs from its congeners registered in Bolivia in the following: from B. mabelae in caudal peduncle depth (14.2–15.9 vs. 15.9–18.7% SL), pectoral-fin length (26.2–32.0 vs. 32.7–42.5% SL), head depth (27.7–31.0 vs. 31.2–36.1% SL), and nape band (distinctive vs. faint); from B. cordemadi in caudal peduncle depth (14.2– 15.9 vs. 16.9–17.3% SL; Kullander, 1986), number of scales in the E1 series (24–26 vs. 23; Kullander, 1986), bars 5 and 6 (separated vs. fused; Kullander, 1986); from B. eurhinus in snout length (11.7–16.1 vs. 7.8–10.4% SL; Kullander, 1986); from B. oenolaemus in head length (33.7–37.4 vs. 38.6–40.9% SL; ranges resulting from combination of Kullander, 1987 and measurements obtained in present study), predorsal length (40.9–45.4 vs. 45.4–46.0% SL; measurements obtained in present study), prepelvic length (38.0–43.6 vs. 44.5–50.5% SL; measurements obtained in present study), number of scales in the E1 series (24–26 vs. 21–23; ranges in scale count resulting from combination of Kullander, 1987 and present study), number of scales in the lower lateral line (8–11 vs. 6–7; ranges in scale count resulting from combination of Kullander, 1987 and present study) and nape band (distinctive vs. faint; coloration difference determined from the combination of observations of Kullander, 1987 and those obtained in present study); from B. vittata in body depth (36.4–41.1 vs. 45.8–48.2% SL; ranges resulting from combination of Eigenmann, Kennedy, 1903 and measurements obtained in present study), pectoral-fin length (26.2–32.0 vs. 35.5–41.2% SL; ranges resulting from combination of Hablützel, Huanto, 2020; and measurements obtained in present study). Furthermore, B. beniensis differs from other species of the genus as follows: from B. apoparuana in snout length (11.7–16.1 vs. 5.4–10.1% SL; Kullander, 1986), preopercular spot (absence vs. presence; Kullander, 1986), longitudinal band (discontinuous vs. continuous; Kullander, 1986); from B. hophrys in snout length (11.7–16.1 vs. 6.3–11.5% SL; Kullander, 1986), preopercular spot (absent vs. present; Kullander, 1986), longitudinal band (discontinuous vs. continuous; Kullander, 1986); from B. huallagae in snout length (11.7–16.1 vs. 7.2– 9.9% SL; Kullander, 1986), longitudinal band (discontinuous vs. continuous; Kullander, 1986); from B. labiosa in snout length (11.7–16.1 vs. 10.3% SL; Kullander, 1986), longitudinal band (discontinuous vs. continuous; Kullander, 1986); from B. mariae in body depth (36.4–41.1 vs. 41.7–42.9% SL; Eigenmann, 1922), number of scales on the lower lateral line (8–11 vs. 12; Eigenmann, 1922); from B. megalospilus in caudal peduncle depth (14.2–15.9 vs. 16.7–19.3% SL; Kullander, 1986), number of scales in the E1 series (24–26 vs. 23; Kullander, 1986); from B. moriorum in snout length (11.7–16.1 vs. 5.5–10.7% SL; Kullander, 1986), preopercular spot (absent vs. present; Kullander, 1986), longitudinal band (discontinuous vs. continuous; Kullander, 1986); from B. ortegai in pectoral-fin length (26.2–32.0 vs. 32.7–34.4% SL; Kullander, 1986); from B. pardus in coloration pattern of flank scales’ distal edges (absent vs. present; Arbour et al., 2014); from B. peregrinabunda in snout length (11.7–16.1 vs. 5.8–8.4% SL; Kullander, 1986), body depth (36.4–41.1 vs. 41.4–45.4% SL; Kullander, 1986), preopercular spot (absent vs. present; Kullander, 1986), longitudinal band (discontinuous vs. continuous; Kullander, 1986); from B. robusta in snout length (11.7–16.1 vs. 7.4–10.6% SL; Kullander, 1986), caudal peduncle depth (14.2–15.9 vs. 16.3–17.8% SL; Kullander, 1986); from B. syspilus in body depth (36.4–41.1 vs. 42.9–48.1% SL; Kullander, 1986), pectoral-fin length (26.2–32.0 vs. 37.6–39.9% SL; Kullander, 1986); from B. tambopatae in snout length (11.7–16.1 vs. 7.7–10.0% SL; Kullander, 1986), number of scales in the E1 series (24–26 vs. 22–23; Kullander, 1986); from B. zamorensis in head length (33.7–37.4 vs. 33.3% SL; Regan, 1905), number of scales in the E1 series (24–26 vs. 27; Regan, 1905).

Description. Measurements summarized in Tab. 1. No apparent sexual dimorphism. Head slightly wider ventrally than dorsally. Body moderately elongated, lateral profile more convex dorsally than ventrally. Dorsal profile of head ascending, straight from tip of snout to posterior margin of orbit, convex to insertion of dorsal fin; dorsal-fin base ascending, convex to about 4 th dorsal-fin spine, descending convex to end of soft dorsal fin. Dorsal and ventral caudal peduncle profile straight to caudal-fin base. Ventral profile of head descending, slightly convex from lower lip to isthmus, slightly concave at isthmus, convex to insertion of pelvic fin, straight to insertion of anal fin, ascending anal fin slightly convex. Jaws isognathous, thick lips. Mouth small, maxilla does not reach vertical line from anterior margin of orbit.

E1 24(4), 25*(9) or 26(9); scales between upper lateral line and dorsal fin 3.5 anteriorly, 1.5 posteriorly. Scales on upper lateral line 14(1), 15*(12) or 16(8), on lower lateral line 8(1), 9(9), 10*(11) or 11(1) with 0 to 3 scales continuing on caudal fin. Two rows of scales between lateral lines. Circumpeduncular scale rows 15*(3) or 16(20). Predorsal scales 7(4), 8*(17) or 9(2).

Dorsal fin XII,10(2), XII,11(1), XIII,9(1), XIII,10(1), XIII,11(1), XIV,9(3), XIV,10*(13) or XIV,11(1); anal fin III,7(6) or III,8*(17). Dorsal spines increasing in length from 1 st to 4 th. Remaining dorsal spines about equally sized. Lappets of dorsal-fin spines pointed or slightly rounded in shaped. Soft dorsal fin slightly expanded, pointed, usually reaching one-third to one-half of caudal-fin length (fourth and fifth longest rays). Anal fin pointed, with third and fourth longest rays, reaching one-third to one-half of caudal-fin length. Caudal fin truncated, symmetrical, with dorsal and ventral rays that may form prolonged filaments. Pectoral fin short (26.2–32.0% SL), not reaching insertion of anal fin, with fourth and fifth longest rays. Pelvic fin triangular, first ray elongated as filament, reaching first spines of anal fin.

Teeth in outer hemiseries conical, unicuspid, progressively smaller posteriorly. Three rows of smaller teeth behind. Dentary hemiseries with conical, recurved, and unicuspid teeth, three to four rows of smaller teeth behind. Nine external rakers in first-gill arch. Vertebrae 12+12, three of the 12 caudal vertebrae contained in the caudal peduncle.

Coloration in alcohol. Background color brownish yellow, darker dorsally. Chest, suboperculum, and interoperculum with pale coloration. Dorsally darker operculum. No dark spot on inside of pectoral axilla. Broad, straight, diffuse, or marked brown suborbital stripe, with extension towards anterior arm of preoperculum. Distinctive dark nape band. No preopercular spot. Broad brownish-gray interorbital band, with extension between orbits and nostrils. Mouth spots in large specimens. Iridescent green spots in live specimens on preoperculum and operculum ( Fig. 4 ). Lateral bars faint but distinct, darker dorsally, reaching ventrally to lower edge of caudal peduncle level. Bars 1 to 3 straight, bars 4 to 6 curved above lateral band, bar 6 continuous or discontinuous with lateral band. Wide bar 7, around origin of dorsal fin, continuous or discontinuous with lateral band. Dark lateral band extending below upper lateral line to end of dorsal fin along upper edge of caudal peduncle. Lateral band continuous anteriorly with dark spot on operculum connecting with nape band. Lateral band discontinuous posteriorly between lateral bars, especially between bars 4–5 and 5–6. Mediolateral spot on bar 5 blackish, often larger than other spots in lateral band. In addition, horizontal rows of iridescent green spots on flanks of live specimens ( Fig. 4 ). Dorsal-fin lobes grayish with whitish edges. Dorsal fin with grayish background, without spots in spiny portion and with hyaline spots in last five membranes of soft portion. Anal fin grayish with dark lower edge and hyaline spots in rows on last two membranes. Caudal fin grayish with dark margins and some dark spots at its base. Pelvic fin grayish with white anterior border. In live specimens, fin rays with yellowish color. Small, vertically elongated, dark caudal spot above lower lateral line, without clear border. No coloration pattern on flank scales.

Geographical distribution. Bujurquina beniensis is known from localities in the Río

Beni drainage, a main tributary of the Río Madeira, Amazon basin ( Fig. 5 ).

Ecological notes. This species inhabits streams and whitewater riverbanks in the foothills of the Río Beni drainage ( Fig. 6 ).

Etymology. The species name refers to the Río Beni, the only drainage in the

Bolivian Amazon where the species has been found. An adjective.

Conservation status. Bujurquina beniensis was collected from different tributaries of the Río Beni drainage, corresponding to an Extent of Occurrence (EOO) of approximately 8,900 km 2. No specific threats were detected, this species can be classified as Least Concern (LC) according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) categories and criteria (IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, 2022).

Figures

FIGURE 3 | Bujurquina beniensis, holotype, UMSS 18501, 91.1 mm SL, Bolivia, La Paz Department, Nuevo Tunari community’s stream, a tributary of the Río Beni.

FIGURE 4 | Bujurquina beniensis, paratype, CBF-15090, 51.6 mm SL, Río Hondo, tributary of the Río Beni drainage.

FIGURE 5 | Geographic distribution of Bujurquina beniensis (red circles), B. mabelae (blue circles), B. cf. cordemadi (yellow circle), B. oenolaemus (purple circles), and B. vittata (green circles); star represents type localities. The delimitation and naming of the basins and drainages correspond to those proposed in Carvajal-Vallejos et al. (2014).

FIGURE 6 | Habitat where the paratype CBF-15090 of Bujurquina beniensis was collected in the Río Hondo, a tributary of the Río Beni drainage.